英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题

1、英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答 案-简答题第三大题Chapter 21. What were Queen Victoria ' s major achievements?QueenVictoria madetremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an

2、 empire including about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world ' s landmass.2. What were the two camps in World War I ?In World I the two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and fr

3、om 1917,the United States.3. Whydid Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World Warn ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after WorldWarn since they were allied during World War H and shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51. What used to be the major

4、 functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do British comprehensiv

5、e schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete

6、 academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the publi

7、c ' s opinion, determine people' s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution ?One is “checks and balances "， the other is that the power of the federal government and ofthe

8、 state governments are specified in the Constitution.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a represen tative respectively?A senator must be over30 years old,aU.S.citizenforat least nine years,and a resident inthe state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25 years ol

9、d and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supremecourt?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal courtcases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve t he constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may d

10、eclare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the rep ublicans in terms of political opinions?Generally speaking, the Democrats Party has a liberal ideology, while the Republicans Party is more conservative.The democrats want the government to play an

11、 important r ole in the economy and emphasize full employment as a m atter of national concern they favor civil rights laws, a strong social security system which gives enterpr isesa greaterfreedom and demand that the government controlinflation.They stressthe need for law and order,and oppose compl

12、ete governmentsocial programs and freechoice of abortion they also favor a strong milit ary posture and assertive standin internationalrelations.Chapter 111. What industry developments took placeduring the colonialperiod of America?During the colonialperiod,thesecondary industriesdeveloped as the co

13、lonies grew . a variety of special ized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists establi shed shipyardsto build fishingfleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 1 8th century ,regionalpatternsof development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect

14、the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plan tations became much less profitable . northern industrie s , which had expanded rapidly because of the demandsof the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?with other nations.Because the united stat

15、es has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own eco nomic interests, but also enhance domestic stability andits peaceful relationshipChapter 121. How does an Americanuniversitychoose its applicants?a)theirhigh schoolrecords;b) recommendations from their high scho

16、ol teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the u niversity;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions p erform?Highereducationinstitutions in theunited states have threefunctions: teaching, researchand public servi3.ce , and each has its

17、own emphasis with regard to it s function .They allhave a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and havemade extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates arevery successful or influentialin some areas such aspolitics,arts and business.What are the

18、origins of thanksgiving day?4.What similarities do four famous university share?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflowerarrived and brought aboutbeginning was very hard and, so many of them died.the native America helped150 pilgrims.

19、 Life at the therewas not enough foodDuringthe following summerthem and then they had abountifulharvest. So they held a big celebrationto thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 21. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many

20、 ways. First, its industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Manynew cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the social class structure. The capitalist class became the most important

21、force in the country and the proletariat class emerged.2.Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.Colonization of Newfoundland in 1583 marked the beginning of theBritish Empire. By 1837, Britain had been an empire which include the colonies in Canada, India and many small states in the West I

22、ndies.During the mid-19 th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world ' s landmass.

23、 Before World War I , Britain was the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered a great loss of its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain ' s colonies gained i ndependence as a result of World War

24、n ,which inevitably led to fall of the British Empire.Chapter 51. What are the general features of Britain ' s independent schools?Britain ' s independent schools require fees from students.Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach

25、 what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through the private sector as well as tuition fees, with minimal government assistance. Since the are generally better funded than most state schools, they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. How

26、ever, the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.2. What are the “quality press “ and the “tabloids “ in Britain?Among the 10daily national newspapers in Britain, about half

27、 of them are regarded as the “quality press" since they carry in -depth articles of political and social importance, reviews and feature articles about ' high culture ” , and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good examples.

28、The “tabloids ” , with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities. A typical example is The Sun on Sunday.Chapter 101. How is the American President voted into office? What ar e your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convent

29、ion every fouryears to choose a candidate for presidency.To win a pre sidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general ele ction is technically divided into two stages.During the first sta

30、ge,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vo te a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next Presid ent an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the e

31、 lectoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the soci al and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do notkeep their word after theybecomePresident.2. What wasPresidentEisenhowersforeignpolicyand whatwere the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold W

32、ar.He placednew emphasis on developing nuclearstrength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequ ently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventio ns to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliab le anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.TheCIA helped topple the governme

33、nts of Iran and Guatema la,but itsuffered an embarrassing failure inIndonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.power and prestige to he lp createa non-communist government inSouth Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the Uni ted States.Chapter 111. How did the U.S constitution l

34、ay the groundwork for Amer ican ' s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.I t provided that the federalgovernment could regulatecommerce

35、 with foreignnationsand among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate it s value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post officeandroads,andfixrules governing patentsand copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early rec ognition oftheimportanceof"i

36、ntellectual property",amatter that began assuming great importance in trade ne gotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to 川ustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and import ant role in America&#

37、39; s economic development.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic de pression inAmerican history.President Rooseveltintroduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,h esetup theNew York StateEmergencyReliefCommission to help those in desperate need and triedto relievetheseriousproblems of thejobless.At theend of 1970s, the American economy againsuffereda recession.The Reagan administration combated inflationby controllinggovernment spending deficit,cutting taxes and r