被动语态的构成与用法(一对一)

1、被动语态的构成与用法主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语 态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。1. 一般现在时 is/am/are+P.P.2. 一般过去时 was/were+P.P.固定不变)+P.P. 固定不变)+P.P.3. 一般将来时 will be+P.P.4. 现在进行时is/am/are+being（5. 过去进行时was/were+being（6. 现在完成时have/has been+P.P.【口诀注释】“一般现、过用be +V. p.p.，be有人称、时、数变”即一般现在时，一般过去时，用be +V. p.p.格式,be动词有人称、

2、 时态和单、复数的变化。1. 一般现、过用 be+V. p.p. , be 有7. 过去完成时 had been+P.P.被动语态构成口诀【重点】一般现、过用 be +V. p.p.，be有人称、时、 数变。完成时态 have(has)+V. p.p.，被动将been 加中间。一般将来 shall (will) +V. 原形，被动变 V. 原形为 be V. p.p.。将来进行无被动，shall (will) be+V.i ng,现在完成进行同，have (has)bee n+V.i ng 。现、过进行 be+V.ing, 被动be加 being+V. p.p.。人称、时、数变eg A主动 T

3、he children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动 The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.eg B主动 People regard him as brilliant.被动 He is regarded as brilliant by people.以上两例都是一般时态用be+V. p.p.的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以“ be+V. p.p. ”就是 were given ,而People

4、regard him as brilliant句，被动后的“ be+V. p.p. ”就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。即一般过去时的This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （was delivered 被动态）Two people were killed and twelve were injured.A note was passed up to the speaker.2. 完成时态have+V. p.p.，被动将 been 加中间（过去完成时had+V. p.p.也包括在内）。eg A主动 We have studied E

5、nglish for 3 years and on at the spare-time school.被动 English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school.eg B主动 They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被动 100 tractors had bee n produced by the end of last year.3. 般将来shall （will）+ V. 原形，被动变 V.原形为be V. p.p.即由 s

6、hall+V.原形或 will+V.原形变为 shall be+V. p.p.或 will be+ V. p.p.。 eg A主动 We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.被动 Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.（shall do 中的shall要随新主语变为will, do 为be done.）eg B主动 I shall send my second boy to school next Se

7、ptember.被动 My second boy will be sent to school next September.被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，some one ,no one 不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可 省略了。eg E主动 The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.被动 More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.eg

8、s FMore peaceful uses will be found for un clear explosives in the future.More hard work will be n eeded to make this won der come true in a shorttime from now.（e true 使成为事实 ；come true 做宾补）过去将来时主动would+V.原形，被动be+V. p.p.代原形。4. 将来进行无被动，shall （will） be+V.i ng,5. 现在完成进行同，have （has） been+V.i ng“将来进行时”表示动

9、作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行。“现在完成进行时”表示某行为发生在过去延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。 两种时态则不用被动语态。egsWe hope your coma ny will soon be sending an engin eer over to checkthis equipme nt.（将来进行时）In a ffew minu tes our passe nger pla ne will be flying in the stratosphere.（将来进行时 ） We hope scie ntists will be tapp ing new energy sources

10、tomeet the n eed for power.What will you be doing this evening?（将来进行时）I have bee n livi ng in An shan Si nee 1980.（现在完成进行时）How long have you bee n study ing En glish?（现在完成进行时）以上均无被动态。即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加 V.ing。而被动态则是be加上being+V. p.p.的形式，being 是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被 动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：eg A主动 The w

11、orkers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被动 The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.egsTwo reservoirs are being built at the same time.Equipme nt and foodstuffs are being flow n to the floodstricke n areas.同步练习:一，

12、单选1, Maria at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.A. was woke n up B. woke up C. wakes up D. is woke n up2， Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last weekend.A. i nvitesB. i nvitedC. was in vited3. The World Cup in Germany now.A. being had B. is hav ingC. is holdi n

13、gD. is being held4. A: some of the plastic bags can ' after June 1.B: Yes, people will use en viro nmen tal bags in stead.A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used不用被动语态的情况(只作了解)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：eg appear, die( 死亡),disappear (消失) ，end (vi. 结束),fail, happen, last, lie, rema in, sit, spread

14、, sta nd， break out, come true, fall asleep, keepsile nee, lose heart, take place.不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。Compare : rise, fall, hap pe n是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。(? )The price has been risen.(? ) The price has risen.(? ) The accident was happened last week.(? ) The accident happened last week.(? ) The price ha

15、s raised.(? ) The price has been raised.(? ) Please seat.(? ) Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别 是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：eg fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from,

16、happe n to, take part in, walk in to, bel ong to主动语态变被动语态的方法：1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；把谓语动词变成被动结构；把主动语态的主 语放在介词by后作它的宾语，人称代词主格变为宾格。They have pain ted their new houset Their new house has bee n pain ted by them2. by短语通常跟在谓语动词后，并且常可省略。The window was clea ned (by the stude nts) ten minu tes ago注意： let, make,

17、 have, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, listen to 等放在主动语态中后跟不带to的不定式，在变为被动语态时，要加上to.They made the workers work 14 hours a day. 他们让工人每天工作 14 个小时。t The workers were made to work 14 hours a day.同步练习：一.把下列主动语态的句子改为被动语态。1. Today more and more people around the world speak Chinese.Today Chinese by more and

18、 more people around the world2. My mother hid all my favourite storybooks before my last exams.All my favourite story books my mother before my last exams3. My father made me a cake on my birthday.A cake on my birthday.课外作业练习：一. 主动改被动，每空一词。1, Mike broke the window yesterday.The window by Mike yester

19、day.2, If you give me five more minutes, I 'lfinish it.If five more minutes , I will finish it.二. 单项选择。1, Trees and flowers every year to make our country more beautiful.A. is pla nted B. was pla ntedC. are pla nted D. were pla nted2. The dress smooth and soft.A. felt B. feels C. is felt D. is f

20、eeli ng3, A : Where are the letters? B: Those letters already.A, were sent B. was found C. had bee n reached D. have bee n posted4. Nowadays the old should in our society.A. be take n good careB. be take n good care ofC. be take n well careD. take good care of课外阅读(A)Arabs con sider it extremely bad

21、manners to start talk ing bus in ess immediately.Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments (茶点 ). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.The conference visit is a way of doing bus in ess throughout the Arab world.Freque ntly,

22、you will have to discuss your bus in ess in the prese nee of stra ngers,who may or may not have anything to do with your bus in ess. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come intothe room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whomyou are t

23、alking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being in terrupted.Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness （模糊）indoing bus in ess in the Middle East which will puzzle a n ewcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.When a

24、n Arab says “ yes ” , he may mean“ maybe” . When he says “ maybe” , heprobably means“ no” . You will seldom get a direct“ no” from an Arab becauseit is con sidered not polite. In stead of“ no”，he will say “ in shallah ” , whichmeans “ if God is willing ” . On the other hand, “yes ” does not necessar

25、ilymean“yes ” . A smile and a slow nod might be like an agreement but in fact your hostis being polite. An Arab con siders it rude to disagree with a guest.1. The mai n purpose of this article is to explain.A. why you n eed extra time whe n you visit Arab coun triesB. how to be polite whe n doing bu

26、s in ess in the Arab worldC. why Arab officials are so busyD. what Arabs say whe n doing bus in ess2. Accord ing to the article, which of the follow ing would be con sidered polite?A. You leave an grily because of in terrupti ons.B. You dema nd an immediate decisi on.C. You refuse a cup of tea and s

27、how pictures of your product right away.D. You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host.3. Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?A. To care less about being interrupted during their meeting.B. Ofte n to give you a vague an swer.C. Seldom to say “ no” directly.D

28、. Seldom to hesitate to start talk ing bus in ess in the prese nee of stra ngers.（B）Have you ever bee n in a situati on, where you felt un easy because of somethi ngyou think you may have forgotte n to do or perhaps a feeli ngthat you anno yed some onewhomyou wan ted to get along with really well. I

29、f you have experie need such feeli ngs and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.All of us, to some extent,have experieneed anxiety at different levels. Thereare some things you may know about an xiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So

30、in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you n eed to get to know what an xiety is before it escalates in to a panic attack.An xiety is simply the feeli ng of discomfort, un eas in ess or fear of what may even tually happe n result ing from an imagi ned, or a real threate ning

31、 con diti on. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened（增力口 ） feelings of anxiety.There are two main symptoms（ 症状）during an anxiety / panic attack and theseare physical and emotionalsymptoms. Physical symptoms includedifficulty inbreath ing, shak ing, direct feeli ng of heat, rapi

32、d heartbeat and tired ness whileemotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.In spite of the n egative impressi on we have for an xiety, it is not dan gerousin any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it' s more of adefe nsive feeli ng which prot

33、ects us from possible dan ger by en gagi ng a resp onsewith in us in fight or fight situati ons.So it ' s not the “ bad guy ” , you just haveto learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred （模糊不清的 ）visi on, difficult