(英语)高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

1、（英语）高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解What Cocktail Parties Teach UsYou're at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel （分贝）level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is

2、what researchers call the-party effect “ cocktailScientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain - in the auditory cortex （ 听觉皮层 ）just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds an

3、d turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, " it'sas if only one person was speaking alone, says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking our brains are wired for“ s

4、elective attention " and can focus on only one thingat a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation （ 刺激）.But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic （悲居U的）consequences. Drivers talking on cellph

5、ones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't.Ma ny of those accidents are due to“ inattentional blindness ” , in which people can, in effect,turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attent

6、ion we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas （ 视网膜） and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. "It's apuiish relationshi

7、p - the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others," says Diane M.Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those o

8、n hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important -

9、like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, ex

10、perts say.（1） What have scientists in University of California found about-pthrtyoeffectil ” ?A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone. B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively. D. Sounds are sorted out be

11、fore reaching the higher brain.（2） What do we learn from the passage?A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking. B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking.C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.D. We benefit from pushing the limit withmultitasking.(3) Which of the following is

12、 an example of "inattentional blindness"?A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident. B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client. D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing(低头).(4) The main pur

13、pose of the passage is to.A. compare and contrastB. inform and explainC. argue and discussD. examine and evaluate【答案】(1) DA(3) D(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Scientists at the University of California in San Franciscohave found where that sound-editing process occurs in

14、 the brain in the auditory cortex ( 听觉皮 层)just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought.”现在,加州大学旧金山分校(University of California in San Francisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生 的位置一在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。可知，在到达更高的大脑 之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选 Do(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Thesefindings, published in the journal Nature

15、 lastweek, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking- our brains are wired for ' selective attention ' and can focus on only one thing at a time.这些上月发布在自然期刊上的研究 结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务一我们的大脑有选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。故选Ao(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Many of those accidents

16、are due to 'inattentionalblindness ' , in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on. 可 知，D 项 A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing./个行人因低头族而发生车 祸。"是一个"inattentional blindness 的例子。故选 D。(4)考查目的意图。根据最后一段中的"Somepeople can tra

17、in themselves to pay extraattention to things that are important like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly

18、 between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. 有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付 出格外的注意力一就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每 件乐器的声音。专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两 件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。可知本文的目的是 “检查和评估”，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选

19、出正确 答案。2 阅读理解Google is consistently rated the best place to work. So you need a degree from Harvard to in the door, right?Not really, according to Laszlo Bock, Google's Head of People Operations. When the company was small, Google cared a lot about getting kids from Harvard, Stanford, MIT and ma

20、ny other Ivy League schools. But Bock said it was the "wrong" hiring strategy. Experience has taught him there are exceptional kids at many other places, from state schools in California to New York."What we find is the best people from places like that are just as good, if not better

21、, as anybody you can get from any Ivy League school, "said Bock, who just authored a book titled "Work Rules!"Every year, 2 million people apply to get a job at Google. Bock himself has seen some 25, 000r e sum 6 s.So what else does Google not care about:Grades: Google's data show

22、s that grades predict performance for the first two years of a career, but do not matter after that.Brain-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why are manhole covers （井盖 ）round? or How many golf balls can fit in a school bus? "Our research tells us those questions are a waste of time,

23、 "Bock said "They're a really coachable skill. The more you practice, you get better at it. "Here's what Google does care about:Problem solvers: Your cognitive ability（ 认知能力）, or how well you solve problems.Leaders: The idea is not whether you were president of the student bod

24、y or vice president of the bank, but rather:" When you see a problem do you step in, help solve it, "and then critically, "Are you willing to step out and let somebody else take over, and make room for somebody else? Are you willing to give up power?"Googleyness: That's what

25、Google calls its cultural fit. It's not "Are you like us?" Bock said. "We actually look for people who are different, because diversity gives us great ideas.""What's most important is that people are intellectually humble, willing to admit when they'rewrong, and

26、care about the environment around them because we want people who think likeowners not employees, "Bock said.The least important thing? Knowing how to do the job."We figure if you get the first three right you'll figure it out most of the time." （ 1 ） What does Bock mean in Paragr

27、aph 2?A. People from state schools can be as good.B. Google no longer hires people from Ivy League schools.C. Hiring is a hard job for Google.D. State schools are worse than Ivy League ones.(2) Which question belongs to a brain-teaser?A. What are your grades like?B. What is the significance of figur

28、ing out target users?C. How would you improve a Google product?D. How much toilet paper is needed to cover Texas?(3) Who is a qualified leader according to Google?A. One eager for power.B. One capable of working independently.C. One willing to step aside.D. One operating an organization.(4) What is

29、Googleyness?A. Being unique. B. Being adaptable. C. Being qualified. D. Being loyal. 【答案】(1) AD(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了比起文凭和学历，谷歌更看重什么。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的aExperience has taught him there are exceptional kids atmany other places, from state schools in California to New York. 可知 Bock 的意思是经验告诉 他，在一

30、些别的地方，比如加利福尼亚或纽约的公立学校中，也会有一些天赋超常的人才，故选Ao(2)考查推理判断。根据 "Brai-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why aremanhole covers (井盖)round? or How many golf balls can fit i n a school bus? ' Our research tellsus those questions are a waste of time,' Bock said 'They're a really co

31、achable skill. The more youpractice, you get better at it. 智力问答：'谷歌不再出这样的面试题了：为什么井盖是圆的？ 或者是：多少个高尔夫球能装满一辆校车？博克说：我们的调查显示，这么问纯粹是浪费时间。因为这些是能够通过训练提高的技能，你练习得越多，就能答得更好。”由此推断出覆盖德克萨斯州需要多少卫生纸”这是一个脑筋急转弯，故选Do(3) 考查细节理解。根据 "Leaders:The idea is not whether you were president of the studentbody or vice pr

32、esident of the bank,but rather:' When you see a problem do you step in,help solveit, ' and then critically ' Are you wing to step out and let somebody else take over , and make room for somebody else?Are you willing to give up power?这不是说你得是学生会主席或是专艮行副总理，而是当你遇到问题时能不能介入，帮助解决问题 ”。然后是眼光要犀利，可

33、以退出来让别人接管吗？能够让位于别人吗？可以放弃权力吗？”，由此可知依据谷歌的说法，一个愿意退让的人是一个合格的领导者，故选Co(4)考查推理判断。根据 Googleyness: That's what Google calls its cultural fit. It's not'Are youlike us?' Bocsaid. ' Wctually look for people who are different , because diversity gives us great ideas.'这点被谷歌称作文化契合度。它并不是你和我们

34、一样吗？”博克说： 事实上，我们在寻找和我们不一样的人，因为多样性能给谷歌带来卓越的想法。由此推知独一 无二的人是具有谷歌精神的人，故选Ao【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考 生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”And so it

35、 came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single

36、thing into which smoke could have permeated( 渗透)because the particles(微粒)are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.What I didn'

37、t expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to

38、 be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to

39、 out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible( 有形的)things old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders o

40、f what we already carry with us in head and heart.Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old question of "What would you save in a fire? " is actually that nothing really matters but each other.11) What happened to the author's house?

41、A.It caught a fire.B.It was affected by a fire.C.It was broken into by friends.D.Its windows were broken.(2) What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.something that may be damaged.B.something that may not be genuine.C.something that may not be so good.D.something

42、 that may be dangerous.(3) What did the author expect to feel?A.People around him were cold to others' trouble.B.His friends and neighbours were so generous.C.People in his community were close to each other.D.He was so lucky to find much that was good.(4) How will the author probably feel when

43、the New Year finally comes?A.Worried.B.Surprised.C.Excited.D.Contented.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） A（ 3） A（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ our neighbour's house had caught fire while they wereout. The fire didn't spread

44、to our house but the smoke very much did. ；第三段中的 ”“ everysingle thing into which smoke could have permeated 可知邻居家在外出时着火”了，虽然火没有蔓延到作者家，但烟殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。（ 2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ everysingle thing into which smoke could havepermeated（ 渗透 ）because the particles（ 微粒 ） are an ongoing health risk and was

45、hing isn't enough. 可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉，因为那些微粒威胁健康”，有的仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西，suspected指的就是这些东西。故选A。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. 作者没想到的是自己家很幸运，下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助，作者从中感受到了他们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠，故选A。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Wewill be

46、seeing in the New Year in a decidedlyminimalist fashion. 可知作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，作者认为 ”即将到来的新年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩；再根据最后一段中的“ I realised that the answer to the old question of Whatwould you save in a fire?' is actually that nothing really matters but ea麻尚her1至 U 拥有彼此才是最重要的。

47、这些说明作者是满足的，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选 出正确答案。（ 5） 理解Durian（ 榴莲 ） is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique

48、 smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome （ 基因 组 ） and find out,Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers

49、decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds ( 含硫化合物 ),became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten on

50、ions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we f

51、ind it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an i

52、mpressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evoked, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit.

53、 However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.(1) What give durian its unique smell?A. Onions nearby.B. Two gene copies.C. Rotten ingredients in it.D. Volatile sulfur

54、compounds.(2) What does the underlin ed word aevolved " in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Developed.B. Escaped.C. Predicted.D. Tolerated.(3) What can we infer from the text?A. No birds enjoy eating durian.B. Durian can be planted all over the world.C. Some of durian species can not be eaten. D. D

55、urian has no relationship with the cacao tree.(4) What's the best title for the text?A. What's Durian?B. The Influence of the SmellC. The Distribution of DurianD. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian【答案】(1) D A(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就 是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味

56、对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动 物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"soesearchers decided to map the genome of the fruit,and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物 ),became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.可知

57、，研究人员找到一组基因一一挥发性硫化合物(South-Type),在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选 Do(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有 46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的 基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop使进化"，与划线词 evolved是同义词。故选A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"not all durian species are edible, and some of them mayeven cause dam

58、6.age to our health,可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可 以吃的。由此可推断出选C。(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研 究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知， 本文最好的题目应该是榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是 一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进 行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。(5) 读理解I visited Copenhagen for

59、the first time last Easter. As a student , I'm always strapped for cash , so I assumed I could only afford to breathe the air but luckily everything about Copenhagen is breathtaking.I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground. One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn, or “round tower " built in the 17th century as an astronomical observatory. It has an equestrian staircase (a wide set of stairs big enough for horses to use) that went on and on. As I was going up, I stopped to visit the tower's libr