英语时态解析

1、莆田雷丁英语，免费体验课程： 英语时态解析一般现在时和现在进行时一般现在时: 表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等(like, need, want)。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 现在进行时：a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： e.g. We are waiting for yo

2、u. 我们正在等你。b. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。e.g. The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。e.g. You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。（批评）一般现在时与现在进行时的区别1. 一般现在时表示经常、反复或习

3、惯性的动词，常和时间状语 always , often , usually , sometimes , never, seldom, every and , in the morning , on Sundays 等连用。 Do you often go and see your teacher? 你经常去看你的老师吗? I always clean my bedroom on Sundays. 我总在每周日打扫卧室。2.现在进行时表示此时此刻或说话瞬间正在发生的动作或存在的状态，常和时间状语 now 连用。(at +时间点，Listen，look)如： She is cleaning her

4、 bedroom now. 她现在正在打扫卧室。 Listen! Who is singing in the room? 听! 谁在房间唱歌? I. 概念不同 1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还可以表示自然现象。例如： My father goes to work by bicycle every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车上班。 I can drive a car. 我会开小汽车。 2. 现在进行时表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前阶段一直进行的动作。例如： I am doing my homework now. 我正在做作业。 II. 构

5、成不同 1. 一般现在时的谓语构成主要有四种形式： 连系动词be（am, is, are）+名词、形容词等；实义动词原形；实义动词的第三人称单数形式；情态动词实义动词原形。e.g. I am a teacher. 我是名教师。 e.g. I go to school at six in the morning. 我早晨六点去上学。 e.g. I can sing in English. 我会用英语唱歌。 另外，祈使句实际上也是一般现在时。e.g. Let's go to the zoo. 咱们去动物园吧。 2. 现在进行时由助动词be（am, is, are）现在分词构成。例如： Th

6、e lion is sleeping. 那只狮子正在睡觉。 III. 时间状语不同 一般现在时的时间状语主要有： every day/ morning， in the morning/afternoon/evening， at eight o'clock等短语和often, usually, sometimes, always等频率副词。例如： We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 现在进行时的时间状语 主要有： now， these days等。例如： What are you doing these days? 你这些天在干什么？一般将来时与过去

7、将来时一一般将来时表示将来发生的事，常用shall/ will表达。例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow（如明天下雨我就不来。）例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week（我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。）说或写都尽量使用“I'll， You'll， He'll ， She'll ， It'll， We'll ， They'll ”的简缩形要表达主语的“意志”，通常都用“will”（文法上称为意志将来。）例A：I won't

8、 see him again（我不愿意再和他见面。）例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?（谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人？）Mary will （玛莉愿意。）说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去，通常用“shall”。例A：You shall not do that again（你不可以再做那样的事。）例B：He shall return that book tomorrow（明天他必须把那本书归还。）第一人称问句使用“shall”。例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?（需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗？）例B：Shall we tel

9、l her the truth ?（我们可以把实情告诉她吗？）问句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?（你明天须要上学去吗？）Yes， I shall We'll have an exam （是的，我必须去。我们明天有考试。）例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?（明天你要不要和我一道去学校？）No， I won't I'm going on a picnic（我不要。我已定好要去郊游。）注：Le

10、t's ”的附加疑问通常使用“， shall we ?”。Let's have a rest， shall we?（我们休息一下，怎样？）一般将来时除了使用“shallwill V”以外，也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。1be going to V （即将会；打算将）例A：It is going to rain Take an umbrella with you（带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。）例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia（布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。）2be about to V （即将，指紧接着要发生的动作。

11、）例：Let's wait a minute He is about to arrive（我们等一下。他即将会到达。）3be Ving （定于，指接近的将来动作。）例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning（他定于明天早晨到香港去。）4be to V （定于，指预定的将来动作。）例：She is to be here at 9：00 am tomorrow（她定于明晨九时到达这里。）常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有：tomorrow， tomorrow morning （afternoon， evening）， next 时间 （nex

12、t night， next Monday ， next week， month， next summer， next year）， in （the） future （将来），soon （不久之后），in 时间 （in five days再过五天，in two weeks再过二星期），etc二、过去将来时的含义过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：I didnt know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。They never knew that population would become a big pr

13、oblem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。She didnt tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。二、过去将来时的表达法（一）“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。（二）“was/ were+going to+动

14、词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。（三）come， go， leave， arrive， start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：He said the train was leaving at si

15、x the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：I didnt know when she would come， but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师

16、说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时构成：主语+ have/has + P.P. (过去分词)一表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。He has learned English for about 7 years.They have lived in Beijing My uncle has taught in that school 对划线部分提问：How long has your uncle taught in that school?(4) A: How long has your father worked i

17、n that company?B: He has worked there 注意： 一次性动词可以有完成时，但不能与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用。要想和一段时间连用，需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。如：comebe here, gobe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, joinbe a member of, get to know-know(1) (2) (3) (4) 注意:否定句例外：(5) A：Hello! I havent seen you for a long time. How are you?B: Im fine, thank you.

18、 And you?A: Im fine, too.二表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(1) I have just(或already) posted the packet.我已经把包裹邮寄了。 （“邮寄”这个动作是过去发生的，也许是昨天寄去的，但对现在的影响是“包裹不在我这里，或不久对方就能收到包裹了”。）区别：I posted the packet yesterday. 我昨天邮寄的包裹。（此句有明显的表示过去的时间状语。因此需用过去时，只强调动作，不考虑影响。）三（1）句型一：表示“曾经到过某地” 要用“ been to 某地” 这种句型不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是可以

19、与“次数”连用。 如： A: Have you ever been to （2）句型二：表示“到某地去了” 要用 “ gone to某地”这种句型特点是:主语必须是第三人称.单复数均可。A对B说, 或B对A说某人C或某些人C到哪里去了。现在不在此地。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，也不能与“次数”连用。 如： A: Wheres Wei Fang? B: She has gone to （3）句型三： been +这种句型表示“某种状态已经存在多久”，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，（即可用How long提问）,但不能与“次数”连用。如: The foreign friend has been

20、in China for about 5 years.对划线部分提问：How long has the foreign friend been in China?过去完成时 过去完成时：“过去的过去”。构成：“主语+had+过去分词（p.p.）”如：（）We had reached the station before ten oclock.（）The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.（）Wei Fang had checked TV before his brother returned.（）He had worked in t

21、he south for 5 years before he moved here.（）How many English film had you seen by the end of last term?现在完成时和过去完成时练习(   ) 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know(   ) 2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?

22、 . already .never .ever . still(   ) 3. Have you met Mr. Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago(   ) 4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written(   ) 5. Our country _ a lot so far. Yes . I hope it will be e

23、ven _. . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better(   ) 6. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying(   ) 7. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known .

24、 have known . knew(   ) 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see(   ) 9.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone (   ) 10._ you _ your hom

25、ework yet? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish(   ) 11. His father _ the Party since 1978. . joined . has joined . was in . has been in (   ) 12He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. wh

26、ere I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone (   ) 13. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done(   ) 14. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt(&#

27、160;  ) 15. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked(   ) 16. She said she _ the principle（纪律）alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen(   ) 17. She said her family _ themselves _ the ar

28、my during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with(   ) 18. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed a university D. had completed university(   ) 19. He _ to

29、play _ before he was 11 years old.A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. (   ) 20 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work现在完成时练习答案一单项选择：1现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过

30、去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3C4现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5C6现在

31、完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7C8现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a momen

32、t ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10B11现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。过去完成时练习答案一单项选择： 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 将来完成时/现在完成进行时一、将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。基本结构will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+

33、have+完成式用于其他人称。将来时的一般形态a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。 He is somebody now. He will

34、not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？ 将来完成时的用法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned th

35、e house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于"must have done"结构。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 .表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 We will have been married for a year on June 25th 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。二、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时，是英语中，动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。其表达的意思有两种：1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。2.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。结构主语+have（