(全国通用版)高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷38Unit3Inventorsandinventions新人教版选修8

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsI .阅读理解AHumanshave launched themselves into the outer space. They've landed on the moon. They've built habitable space stations that orbit the Earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planetspecifically, Mars.The problem is that it's no ea

2、sy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the Earth than the moon, and it'll take around 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on where each planet is in its orbit.Such long periods in space have suggested manypotential health problems, includinghormonal changes, skin conditions, and

3、 muscleand bone deterioration（ 损耗）.Here's where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme g - forc

4、e（ 重力）of a rocket launch.Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. They're small, which makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short life span make it possible to do the equivalent

5、of several human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many commoncharacteristicswithhumans in terms of genetics, biology and behavior.Astromice have hit the headlines recently, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the U

6、niversity of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinning of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station（ISS）This experiment was part of a wider NASA mission（任务）called the Mice DrawerSystem（MDS）. The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which allow

7、s six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission.The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study such effects as osteoporosis （ 骨质疏松症 ）,anemia（ 贫血）and heart health.Results for the 20 experiments are co

8、ming in gradually. But it's clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier.语篇导读本文为说明文。人类从未停止对未知的探索，继人类踏上月球之后，人类开始探索去往火星的旅程。1. We can infer from Paragraphs 23 that.A. Mars is the farthest planet away from Earth discovered so farB. the journey

9、 to Mars could put humans' health at riskC. it was in the late 1940s that animals were first sent to the ISSD. animals that have been sent into space have mostly survived解析B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，正是因为去往太空可能会有这些健康 问题，所以第三段写到要先用小动物来做实验，故选 B项。2. The underlined wordawithstand " in Para.3 means.A. se

10、t upB. hold upC. work outD. come across解析B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，这些实验早在20世纪40年代就开始了，第一个实验是观测生物是否能够忍受火箭发射的巨大重力。hold up支持住；承受住，故选B项。3. According to Betty Nusgens and her team, the mice aboard the ISS.A. suffered the loss of part of their skinB. all survived for the duration of the missionC. were fed and wa

11、tered by the astronautsD. participated in 20 experiments that made great breakthroughs解析A细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在国际空间站待了91天后，这些老鼠的皮肤变薄了 15%故选A项。4. The main purpose of the article is to.A. describe the role mice play in scientific researchB. report on the results of the Mice Drawer SystemC. analyze how mice c

12、ould pave the way to MarsD. change people's traditional attitudes toward mice解析C写作意图题。文章主要讲述了为检测人类在去往火星探索的旅程中可能遭受的 身体损害，需要用小动物来做实验，而在众多小动物中，老鼠被认为是最适合的，因此老鼠为人类通向火星奠定了基础，故选 C项。BasWhat do you do when you need to look something up? Go to the library? Open an encyclopedia（ 百科全书）？ Click onto the Inter

13、net? These days, most people go straight to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. But how reliable is it?There is no denying the popularity and usefulness of Wikipedia. It attractsmany as 78 million visitors every month, and the site is available in more than 270 differentlanguages. It's one of th

14、e most comprehensive resources available, whichincludes almost all details, facts and information that may be concerned. It's got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with an Internet connection

15、can log on and edit the contents or add a new page. And you don't need any formal training.Of course, there are some controls. Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments (such as politicians) are off limits to pub

16、lic editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on, it isn't easy. So, while Wikipedia benefits from being constantly updated with information from all over the world, it's also open to"vandals ”(破坏他人财产者).Someof the damageis easy to notice. One person drew devil horns

17、 and a moustache on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates' photo, while another edited Greek philosopher Plato's biography to say he was a a Hawaiian weather man who is wildly believed to have been a student of ' Barney the purple Dinosaur' and to have been deeply influenced by his dog, Cuti

18、e ”.But other things are harder to spot. The most commonform of vandalism involves adding tiny items of false information into the biography of a famous person. Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all having fall

19、en victim to the dirty tricks. For example, in an article about Britishcomedian Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaperclaimed that he co - wrote Dame Vera Lynn's wartime hit There'll be bluebirds over the White Cliffsof Dover. He did no such thing. And in another article, it wasreported that TV th

20、eme tune composer Ronnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7 hit Reach Once again, not true.So, if you're going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you double check it first.语篇导读本文为议论文，介绍维基百科的受欢迎程度，指出其优点，同时也指出其有 些信息有虚假成分的不足之处。5. Which of the following would the author most probably

21、agree with?A. Before using the information from Wikipedia, one should first check it.B . Though popular and widely used, Wikipedia provides little reliableinformation.C. It is understandable that some people add false information to Wikipedia.D. Updated on a daily basis, any information from Wikiped

22、ia is reliable.解析A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，A项准确地表达了作者的建议。B项表述过于否定；C项表述有误；D项表述过于肯定，故选 A项。6. We can learn from the passage that.A. because of its popularity, 78 million people from 270 countries visit Wikipedia monthlyWikipedia asB. Wikipedia is the most comprehensive resource with all information we needC. an

23、yone who has access to the Internet can edit any contents of they likeD. the primary job of the administrators is to make sure true information is conveyed解析D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，A项表述有误；由第二段第三句可知,B项错误；由第三段第三句可知，C项错误。D项是对第三段第二句的另一种表述，准确反映了原文信息，故选 D项。7. What does the underlined part “off - limits " i

24、n Paragraph 3 mean?A. Not convenient.B. Not welcome.C. Not accessible.D. Not boundless.解析C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可推知，off - limits 意为“禁止入内；禁止使用”，故选C项。B. Worried.D. Objective.8. What's the writer's attitude to Wikipedia?A. Negative.C. Indifferent.解析D观点态度题。从全文来看作者分别介绍了维基百科的优缺点，客观地对其进行 了评述，故选D项。n.语法填空Gro

25、w vegetablesWith high inflation(通货膨胀)and food shortages across Russia, some Russiansare growing their own 1. vegetables (vegetable). The country's struggling economy haskept food prices rising and put millions of people 2. in poverty. In the former SovietUnion, Russians 3. who/that lived in trad

26、itional country homes called dachas often grew their own food.Today, many Russian families including some in cities are again growing food4. to deal (deal) with the hard economic times. Irina Bulozhenko lives and works in Moscow. "Our grandma has a dacha where she grows lots of things like cabb

27、ages and beets. I am cooking borscht right now 5.and I am using our beets and carrots. Theonions are ours. So we are saving on what we 6. have grown(grow) in summer. So that's why we don't feel it so badly. ”But for somefamilies, 7. growing (grow) their own share food is still not enough. To

28、 help them, Russian volunteers have set up Share Food Program. The food 8.isdonated (donate) by restaurants or individuals, and given to those in need.Tatyana Golubyeva said that receiving food through the program had become9. important (importance) to her family. "Wespend now a lot less on foo

29、d than before, when we did not know about Share Food Program and did not use it. Now we hope that we'll get not only bread, 10. but some other food, as well. ” She noted that the donations had cut the amount her family spends on food in half.语篇导读本文为说明文。俄罗斯经济的不景气，导致食品物价上涨，国内出现高通货膨胀以及食物短缺。一些俄罗斯人开始

30、自己种植蔬菜，以减少日常食物方面的开支。1. vegetables 解析考查名词的数。vegetable为可数名词，根据语境可知用复数形 式。2. in 解析 考查介词。in poverty 贫困，处于贫困中。3. who/that 解析 考查连词。句中的 lived in traditional country homes called dachas为定语从句，修饰先行词 Russians。定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 who/that 。4. to deal 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。5. and 解析 考查连词。根据句子结构可知，空处前后两个句子为并列关系，故

31、用and连接。6. have grown 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，我们通过食用今年夏天耕种 的食材，达到了节约的目的。表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时态；从句主语为we,谓语动词用复数形式。7. growing 解析考查非谓语动词。句意：但对很多家庭来说，自己种植食材还远远 不够。从句子结构看，此处为动名词短语 growing their own food 作主语。8. is donated 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这些食物由餐馆或者个人捐 赠，给予那些需要帮助的人。讲述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时；主语为the food ,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式

32、；the food与donate之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。9. important 解析考查词性转换。此处要用形容词作表语。10. but 解析考查连词。not only.but(also) .不但而且。m.短文改错One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper. Iring rangup the company,and I was given the job immediately. They asked me to take a tour around the cityAthenext morning. The manager j

33、usttold me to say anythingwhich 由滉 I could imagineabout the city. My first tour was.The old bus was not air - conditioned, terribleu- it was in the middle of summer, so 由滉 was really uncomfortable to be inside anditthe bus. The-tempered. I had a very hardtourist ； soon became very hot and badtouriststimecalm calmingthem down. This wasbecausewhyI stayed there only for a few weeks.Then I left and joined in a better company. 解析 动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 解析the next morning特指过去那个时间的第二天早晨。解析这是一个定语从句，先行词为anything ,关系代词只能用that 。 解析 此处was后用形