2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读

1、2020届二轮复习 阅读理解中词句猜测-代词指代题考查解读【题型解读】代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考 生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定 语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word“this/it/them/which”refer to?(2)The underlined part"it/that/they/which” inParagraphrefers to"” .解题技巧一一“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故

2、代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those 指上文提到的人或物。which/that/who 等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是 否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared thebelief 呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；t

3、hebelief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选 A项。【课堂练习】AThroughout the past few years , I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala , an orphanage（孤儿 院），with the children living there. Through hearing manystories of their lives ,

4、 I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasn ' t essential : 7makeupand any other sort of luxury （奢侈品）.I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.Whenat Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos, we were given the task of creating a pig

5、8pen.At first , I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be, we sawa hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it , wefelt it would be impossible.On myownfaith journey , I have felt this type of doubt before.The“hole ”，a

6、s we referred to , is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overcome, but in the end I completed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn' t easy to create butwas so rewarding to give.I ' ve always struggled to be on a journey of faith , but I ' ve never

7、 completely stepped foot onto the path untilGuatemala.I ' ve always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heartand share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There isone orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my he

8、art.In Guatemala , I sponsor with thirty dollars a month, but it doesn' t seem enough.I ' ll return there next summerand give more of my love for a whole month.When it was time to leave , I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall, the most significantaccomplishmen

9、t I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。1. What resulted in the author ' s decision to live a new life?A. Desire to help others.B. Decrease in his income.C. A knowledge of the orphans ' life.D. Awa

10、reness of the difficulty in his life.答案C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的 生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选 a2. What does the underlined word “it ” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Removing the doubt.B. Uprooting the weed.C Starting the faith journey.D Creating the pig pen.答案 D解析 代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasn teas

11、y to create but was so rewarding to give. ”可以猜测出， it 代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。3 What did the author think of his experience in Guatemala?A It was regretful.B It was meaningful.C It was interesting.D It was frightening.答案 B解 析 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的 “ Overall ， the most significant accomplishment I made in

12、 Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back. ”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。4 What may be the best title for the text?A A Step into a New WorldB An Awful Faith JourneyC A Great Success in LifeD A Return of Confidence答案 A解 析 标 题 归 纳 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的 “ Overall ， the most

13、 significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back. ”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故 用A Step into a New World作为本文的标题最佳。故选 A。BVinegar is great.It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better , and you can even clean your windows with it.

14、And now , according to scientists , it may even help the planet ' s population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan proved that.They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could meanthat in t

15、he future , worries about climate change affecting the world ' s supply of f ood will be much lower.The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis , a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like condition

16、s , it produced a chemical called acetate( 醋酸盐)the main 3component of vinegar.After discovering this , the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones tr

17、eated with acetate had survived , while the untreated plants had dried up and died.It ' s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment , we targeted the 4staple foods of the world rice , wheat and ma

18、izeand proved successful , " Jong MyongKim, co-author of the study , told Popular Science magazine.Kim has already been in touch with people around the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from farmers to companies and 5amateur gardeners. &

19、quot;Now we are trying to cooperate with them to make a method to apply this system , and make the process as simple as possible , " he said.Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近 期发现了一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐 旱5. What does the

20、 underlined word “that ” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Vinegar may help creatures survive bad weather.B. Vinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists.C. Vinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal.D. Vinegar is mainly used by people to clean houses.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句" And now,according to

21、scientists , it may even help the planet ' s population survive climate change. ”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。6. Scientists in Japan find from their studies that A the Arabidopsis could survive in dry weather because of the shapeB soil condition could be changed by pouring vinegar continua

22、lly C the acetate can be used by farmers to replace the soilD the plants treated with acetate could survive dry conditions答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found growing plants invinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. ”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。7 What can we infer from the last paragraph?A It s too diffi

23、cult for farm ers to accept the method.B How to decrease the cost is the main issue.C The method is 6promising especially in agriculture.D Keeping plants alive means a lot for scientists.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefully thismeans the end of hunger caused by ba d weather in the future. ”可以推断出这种方法尤其

24、在农业上很有前景。故选C。8 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A Japanese Scientists Find a PlantB Vinegar Could End HungerC Vinegar and FoodD Plants Need Water答案 B解析 标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用Vinegar Could End Hunger 作为题目较为合适，故选 B。【提炼拓展】I .障碍词汇突破（一）阅读下列句子，并根据

25、句意猜测画线部分的意思1. This morning when we were walking along the street and found many fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm.连根拔起；根除2. Most competition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle. 障碍；障碍物3. Hydrogen is a key component of fuel cells.组成部分，成分4. Wheat may be Pakistan ' s s

26、taple food , and milky tea is the national drink. 主要的5. At the time , I was playing as an amateur for Cambridge University against professional county teams.业余爱好者（二）同义词语替换6. We re trying to bring along several promising young football players.hopeful（三）一词多义7. makeup n.化妆品；组成（1）Even the genetic makeu

27、p of the virus is under debate.组成（2）Normally she wore little makeup but this evening was clearly an exception. 化妆:品8. pen v.撰写；关（人或动物）；n.（临时圈养牲畜的）圈；钢笔 （1）The animals were penned up in cages.关（人或动物）(2) I really intended to pen this letter to you early this morning.撰写(3)Take a piece of paper and a pen

28、 and try to figure out how you know when your values are fulf川ed.专冈笔(4)A pen is a small area with a fence around it in which farm animals are kept for a short time.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈n.长难句理解1. Through hearing many stories of their lives , I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave u

29、p everything that wasn t essential : makeupand any other sort of luxury(奢侈品).句式分析本句话是一个并列句，第一个 and前的简单句是主系表 结构；第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致，故省略了 主语I ,且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构;that wasn ' t essential : makeup and any other sort of luxury 为定语从句, 修饰限定 everything。精美译文因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事，我感动得留下了眼 泪，开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要

30、的东西：化妆品 和其他的奢侈品。2. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived , while the untreated plants had dried up and died.句式分析本句话是一个并列句，由并列词 while构成，前后表示 对比关系。while前面的句子是主谓宾结构，其宾语为宾语从句 that the ones treated with acetate had survived ,在宾语从句中 treated with a

31、cetate 作定语,修饰the ones; while后面的句子是主谓结构。 精美译文 丢下这些植物不管14天后，他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的 植物活了下来，而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。强化练习I .阅读理解AHere is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：Scientist A : I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI , though I do thi

32、nk it will happen within the next thirty or forty years.We will probably remain in control of technology an d it will help us solve many of the world' sproblems.However , no one really knows what will happen if machines becomemore intelligent than humans.They mayhelp us, ignore us or destroy us.

33、I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives , but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B： I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me.Even now, scientists are teaching c

34、omputers how to learn on their own.At some point in the near future , their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed.Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted.In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millio

35、ns of human jobs , creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.In the long term , machines might decide the world would be better without humans.Scientist C ： I ' m a member of the Campaign t o Stop Killer Robots.Forget the movie image o

36、f a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls（ 头骨）and think of what ' s happening right now: military machines like drones , gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human in put.The next step will be autonomous “murderbots ” following orders but finally

37、 deciding who to kill on their own.It seems clear to methat this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.Weneed to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.语篇解读文章介绍了三位科学家关于人工智能的讨论记录。一1. What is Scientist B worried about?A. AI technology will destroy the earth.B. Comput

38、ers can ' t think by themselves.C. Robots will take the place of humans.D. Humans will be unhappy without machines. 答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ In the short term , there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could meanlar

39、ge- scale poverty and social unrest. “可知，科学家 B 担心机 器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。2 What does the underlined word “ this ” in the last paragraph refer to?A The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.B The movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C“Murderbots ” can t decide by themselves.D“Murderbots ” will be aga

40、inst humans orders.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“The next step will beautonomous murderbots following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. ”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令， 但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中 this 指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。3 Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?A Scientist A thinks AI technology w

41、ill never develop.B The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future. C“ Murderbots ” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.D All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the short term， there isthe danger that ro

42、bots will take over millions of human jobs，creating a large underclass of unemployed people. ”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，未来人工智能 技术将会影响就业。故选B。4 . Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?A. Scientist A.B. Scientist B.C. Scientists B & C.D. Scientists B & A.答案 C解析 推理判断

43、题。根据第二段中的“ I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家 A认为人工智能的积极因素比消极因素多。根据第三段中的" .there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs,creating a large underclass of unemployed people.This could mean large- scale poverty and social unrest.”和

44、第四段中的 “ It seems clear to methat this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.Weneed to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因 素比积极因素多。故选CoBTea is obviously a big deal in Britain, but have you everwondered how it became a thing?Tomato sauce is

45、 not Italian ; the tomato is native to South America and was not introduced to Europe until the 16th century.Tea isn ' t British , it wasn t even all that popular for Britons until the 17th century.But now it is as British as dull weather and red phone booths.Tea is of such great importance , th

46、at it was featured in the Evening Standard written by George Orwell back in 1946.The famous author describes the beverage（饮品）thusly “tea is one of the main stays of civilization in this country ” . But when, exactly , did this practice become in fashion?The year was 1662 , a mere 111 years before in

47、surgents（ 茶 党）from the soon-to-be ruling champions of the RevolutionaryWar dumpeda whole bunch of tea into Boston Harbor.Catherine of Braganza of Portuguese royalty married King Charles H of England , and then went on to maketeatime a thing.But the thirst for tea fell at one time the costs to transp

48、ort it from the Far East were far more than Britons could afford.However, whenCatherine started to make tea consumption a daily practice,it passed on to the other nobles.Not long after the practice was initially adopted by the upper class , the East India companybegan to import more tea to meet the demand.With the prices lowered , everybody could afford to have a good taste , and suddenly tea was the drink of the everyman.After centuries of ritual（ 习惯），it ha