语法第三部分第二讲简单句与并列句

1、第二讲简单句与并列句三M全考什么3学什么明确方向I.单句语法填空命題点一全析考法简单句1. （2018 全国卷川）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to findthem alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal real harm.（mean） me no解析：meant根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填 meant。2. （2017 全国卷n ）This included di

2、gging up the road,（lay） the track and thenbuilding a strong roof over the top.解析：laying laying 禾R句中的 digging up, building 并歹U。3. （2016 全国卷川）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal（create） sp ecial designs.解析：to create句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。n .单句改错1. （20

3、18 全国卷 n ）When I was little, Friday night was our family game night .Still Iunwilling to play the games with them sometimes.解析：unwilling前加was unwilling是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构。此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是 I，所以用was。2. （2016 四川高考）Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get upearly in the morn

4、ing.解析：getTgot此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。谨记规则简单句就是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。基本句型一：S+ V （主+谓）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV （不及物动词）I.Timeflies.2.The moonrose.3.Shesings beautifully.4.Theytalked for half an hour.5.Hewalked ye

5、sterday.特别注意主语可有修饰语 一定语，谓语可有修饰语 一状语。The red sun risesin the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。基本句型二：S+ V + 0 （主+谓+宾）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。SV （及物动词）O （宾语）1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.Shelaughs ather.3.Theyatesome appi es.4.Dannylikesswimming.5.Iwantto have a cup of tea.基本句

6、型三：S+ V + I0 + DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾 ）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。SV （及物）IO （多指人）DO （多指物）1.Shepassedhima new dress.2.Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.3.1showedhimmy p ictures.4.Itoldhimhow to run the machine.5.Heshowedmethe bus over there.基本句型四：S+ V + 0 + C （主+谓

7、+兵+兵补）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不 能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。SV （及物）O （宾语）C （宾补）1.Wekee pthe tableclean.2.Whatmakeshimsad?3.Wesawhimout.4.Heaskedmeto come back soon.5.1sawthemgetting on the bus.基本句型五：S+ V +P (主+系+表)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意

8、思。SLinking- V （系动词）P俵语)1.Thisisan English dictionary.2.The dinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellhappy.4.The bookisinteresting.5.The weatherbecamewarmer.知识拓展6类系动词(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were) 一词。(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有kee P, remain, stay,lie, stand。表象系动词，用来表示"看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem, ap

9、pear, look。感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste(5) 变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。(6) 终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有P rove, turn out。I .单句语法填空命題点二全析考法并列句1. （2016 四川高考）It was time for her to have a new baby,it was also time forthe young p anda to be inde pendent.解析：and 根据语境可知，It was t

10、ime for . ”和“t was also time for”之间是并列关系，故用and连接。2. （2015 广东高考）One day, the cow was eating grass解析：when be doing sth.when"正在做某事，这时突然it began to rain heavily. 。3. （2014 全国卷 I ）But the river wasn't changed in a few dayseven a fewmonths.解析：ora few days "和a few months "之间为并列关系，且此句为否定句

11、，因此要用or连接。4. （2014 东高考）We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week,for the week after.解析：but not .but .为固定结构，表示“不是而是”。n .单句改错1. （2018 全国卷 I ）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return everytwo years, but he agreed.and。解析：but 7 and 根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，用并列连词2.

12、 （2018 全国卷 川）Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to readhis and her p aragra ph aloud.解析：and7 or此处表示“他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。3. （2017 全国卷 I ）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor'sorders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.解析

13、：so7but/yet此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑子一片空白”。根据语境可知，前后分句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。4. （2017 全国卷 川）I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past fewyears.解析：and7 but not only .but also .是固定短语，意为 “不但而且”，连接并列成分。5. （2016 全国卷 I ）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are

14、used for cooking.解析：on and 根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。6. （2016 全国卷 n ）We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip .If we stayat home, it is comfortable but there is no need to sp end money.解析：but 7 and第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，comfortable"与no need to spend money之间是并列关系

15、，而不是转折关系。谨记规则并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词（短语）连在一起。并列连词用法例句and, not only . but （also） ., both . and . 等表并列、顺承或递进关系There the air is clean and the mountains are green.那里空气清新，千山一碧。but, yet, whereas 等表转折关系The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthus

16、iastic as ever这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有 沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。or, either . or ., not . but .等表选择关系Either you must imp rove your work or I shall dismiss you要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。for, so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到 了。and, or表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句+and/o

17、r +陈述句”中You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get p ast you.你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。特别注意when可用作并列连词，相当于 and at this /that time，意为 正在这/那时;突然”，常用于下歹y句式：sb. be about to do/going to do/ on the point of do

18、ing sth. when .（某人正要做某事，突然）；sb. be doing sth. when .（某人正在做某事，突然）；sb. hadjust done sth. when .（某人刚做完某事，突然He was about to go out when the tele phone rang. 他正要出去时，电话铃响了。He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一圭寸信件。怎么考3怎么解掌握桂会路”解題有径可寻语法填空解题“2策略”1. 分析单词、

19、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构（1）完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词;（2）若两个句子（两个主谓结构）之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2. 注意固定句式中的连词据第1条解题1. “ I didn't think of applying for Cambridge I didn't think Cambridge Universitywould take someone like me, but my tutor encouraged me to apply , ” Mr. Edwards said in astatement.2. At sc

20、hool, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.3. The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life.据第2条解题4. Smile at life, and it will shine on you.5. We were walking side-by-side when suddenly we both sank to

21、knee depth in the mud.6. Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.短文改错解题“ 3视角”1.根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。2.根据短语搭配和固定句式判断连词。3.注意排查中式英语，如将although/though和but, because和so连用。遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的 but, so,以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。据第1条解题1. I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.s

22、o but2. As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country._but and3. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.or and4. They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them. 第二个andT but/while5. Besides it's common that the young or m

23、iddle- aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand. when while6. Faced with pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.去掉 and据第2条解题7. Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two

24、exams.but t and8. My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river. while twhen9. Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.and t but10. I was

25、about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.thentwhen据第3条解题11. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. 去掉 but12. Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.去掉 so语篇综合检测I .语法填空The world's first robot p olice officer started work this week, _1_ is part of t

26、he DubaiP olice force. _2_ (it) name is“ RoboCopoboCop's first official job was to greet guests at a security conference.A part from 3 (greet) visitors, it also answered questions and4(give) directions.RoboCop has a built- in tablet for people to interact with, pay trafficfines and use other p o

27、lice services.The tablet is linked to a p olice station, _5_ people cantalk to real police officers.The 170- centimetre-tall RoboCop can speak six languages.It canalso shake hands, salute (向致意)people and recognize people's emotions and facial6_ (ex pression).RoboC op is the first _7_ many robot

28、p olice officers for Dubai.25 p ercent of the DubaiP olice force will be robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first smart police station. _8(final) no humans will work there. A spokesman said,“TheRoboCop is the latest smartaddition to the p olice force and _9_ (design) to help us fight crime, kee

29、p the city safe and imp rove _10_ (ha ppy) levels.” An official at the security conference commented that thefuture is here now, saying,“ The age of the robots is no longer coming.It has arrived.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪拜的机器人警察，这些机器人警察对人们有 很大帮助，这也意味着机器人时代已经来临。1. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Th

30、e world's first robot police officer，从句缺少主语，且后文用it来指代机器人警察,故先行词为物，所以填 which。its作定语，注2. Its考查代词。空格后面是名词，所以此处要用形容词性物主代词意单词位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Its。6. expressions 考查名词复数。词的复数形式。位,7. of考查介词。根据句意可知,the first of .是固定搭配，所以填此处表示RoboCop是迪拜众多机器人警官中的第一Ofo3. greeting 考查非谓语动词。Apart from为介词短语，其后接动词时需用动名词形式。4. gave 考查动词的时态。 此处为and连接两个并列的谓语动词。空处应与answered保持一致，也应用一般过去时。