中考复习专题 形容词和副词

1、专题六 形容词和副词 形容词形容词表示人或事物的属性、特征，通常在句子中充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，如：I saw an interesting movie last night. （定语） We painted the wall blue.（宾语补足语） This way is useful to help students study well.（表语）但少数形容词如little（少的）、live（活的）、elder、 eldest等只做定语，而afraid、awake 、alone 、 asleep、 alive、ill 、worth 等形容词只能做表语。一、形容词的位置1.形容词做定语

2、时，一般放在被修饰词前。多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，一般排列的顺序是：限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）+序数词+基数词+性质+大小+形状+颜色+来源+材料+质量或用途+名词，意义上与被修饰的名词关系越紧密，则越靠近名词，如：a high red brick wall three little round balls形容词的位置：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。2.如果形容词修饰的是any, some, no, every等构成的复合不定代词时，必须后置，如：something important nothing wrong3.形容词enough修饰名词时，可前置或后置，当它作

3、为副词修饰形容词或副词时只能后置。4.表示长、宽、高、深、浅、厚、薄、年龄大小等形容词修饰数词短语时后置，如：four meters high three years old二、形容词的级大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，用于表示人或事物之间的不同程度。通常形式的形容词称原级，在两个人或事物之间的比较用比较级（较，更），三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较用最高级（最）。1.形容词比较等级的构成1）单音节和少数双音节形容词在原级的词尾加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级：fast faster-fastest new- newer- newest以-e结尾的原级，只在词尾加-r构成比

4、较级，加-st构成最高级：nice- nicer- nicest large- larger- largest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的原级，要把-y变为i再加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级：happy- happier- happiest early- earlier- earliest原级以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时要双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est，构成比较级 和最高级：fat- fatter- fattest hot- hotter- hottest2）多数双音节和多音节形容词，是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前most加构成最高级：useful- mo

5、re useful- most useful beautiful- more beautiful- most beautiful3）少数形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是不规则的，需要逐个记忆 原级 比较级 最高级good well better best bad ill worse worstmany much more most little less least far farther further farthest furthest oldolder elderOldest eldest 其中，older 和oldest指事物的新旧或人的年龄大小，而elder和eldest指辈分的长幼，

6、如：an older house the oldest man my elder sister farther和farthest指具体的距离远近，而further和furthest指抽象的程度深浅，如：It is farther from our school to the museum than to the park. Could you understand the further meaning of this word?注：通常，下列形容词没有比较等级以-ly结尾的形容词，如：monthly, friendly, daily, sisterly等；表示事物性质、材料成分的形容词，如：

7、wooden, electric等；表示国籍的形容词，如：Chinese, American等；表示方位的形容词，如：eastern, southwestern等；表示时间和顺序的形容词，如：present, future, past, next, first等 ；表示数量和部分形容词，如：unique, double, several, whole, complete等；表示形状的形容词，如：round等；部分表示状态的形容词，如：asleep, awake, blind, afraid, ill等；已包含“最高级”意义的形容词，如：perfect, favourite等。2.形容词的比较等

8、级的用法1）“as+形容词原级+as”，表示两者在某方面程度“相等”，否定式“as(so)+形容词原级+as”，表示两者在某方面程度“不如”：It isnt as(so) cold today as it was yesterday.2）表示倍数时，用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”，如：This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。3）“形容词比较级+than”，表示在某方面程度上“超过”，如：She is younger than I. I read more books than you read.注：形容词的比较

9、级前可以被much, far, a lot, a bit, still, no, a little, even, any等修饰，如：Your school is a little bigger than ours. The pollution is far more serious than before.4）“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”，表示“越来越”，如：In summer, its getting hotter and hotter. I become more and more interested in physics.5）“the+形容词比较级+the+形容词比较级”，

10、表示“越就越”，如：The more you do exercise, the healthier you will become. The sooner, the better.6）no more than 和not more than的区别no more than= only仅仅，不过；not more than= at most 最多，不超过。She has learnt no more than 1000 words.她仅仅学了1000个单词。She has learnt not more than 1000 words.她最多学了1000个单词。7) no less than和 no

11、t less than的区别no less than= as many as 多达，强调“多”； not less than= not fewer than, at least至少。No less than 200 people died in this accident.在事故中死亡人数多达200人。Not less than 200 people died in this accident.在这场事故中至少有200人死亡。8)三者或三者以上比较，表示其中一个在某方面程度最高时，用最高级，常用结构是“ the+最高级+（表范围的短语或从句）”，如： The Yangtze River is

12、the longest river in China. 注：形容词最高级前一般要加the，但有物主代词修饰时，则不用加the 。最高级可以被序数词和 much, by far, nearly, almost等副词修饰。9)比较级表示最高级比较级+than+ any other+单数名词/ +all the other+复数名词 /any of the other+复数名词/ +anyone(anything)else 10）能修饰比较级的词：四A确实仍然没有任何马骑，甚至说，怎么走远？四A：a lot 、 a little、 a bit、 a great deal确实：rather 仍然：st

13、ill 没有：no任何：any 马骑：much 甚至：even 远：far 副词 副词表示时间、地点、方式、程度等，主要用于修饰形容词、动词、副词或整个句子。许多副词是由形容词+ -ly构成的，如happily, carefully, slowly等，但以- ly结尾的不一定是副词，而依然是形容词，如：friendly, daily, lovely, likely, lively等。此外，一些形容词本身也可以做副词，加上- ly也是副词，但意义不同，如：late晚 - lately 最近 close 紧挨地 - closely 紧紧地 deep 深- deeply 深深地（程度），hard 努

14、力地- hardly 几乎不一、副词的分类1.时间副词，如：now ago before later already soon recently2.地点副词，如：here there above below outside inside away around3.方式副词，如：carefully well badly slowly politely fast4.程度副词，如：very quite much so almost nearly completely5.频率副词，如：always often usually sometimes never6.否定副词，如：hardly never s

15、eldom7.疑问副词（用于特殊疑问句句首），如：how when why where how many 8.连接副词，如：otherwise or（否则） yet so then此外，还有引导从句的关系副词when, why, where, 等。二、副词的位置1.多数副词放在其所修饰的动词之后，如：We run fast to the school.2.时间、地点副词放在句首、句末，如：The boy is reading now.(Now the boy is reading.) The bus comes there. Here he lived for several years.3.

16、方式副词可放在句首、句中或句末，如：Quietly, she took off her shoes. He suddenly shouted at us. We live here happily.4.程度副词、否定副词和频率副词放在be动词，情情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前，如：Our teacher is always busy. He can hardly look after her, after he moved.We have never seen such a beautiful place. I almost forget to turn off the tap.5.程度副

17、词放在被修饰的形容词和副词前：She is very beautiful. The price is much higher. The students read quite carefully. 但副词 enough 只放在其修饰的形容词和副词后，如：He runs quickly enough.三、副词的比较等级和形容词一样，副词的比较等级也有三级：原级，比较级和最高级。副词比较等级的构成也有规则和不规则的两种，规则的构成方法和形容词比较等级的构成基本一致：在单节词和个别双音词后加- er, - est构成比较级和最高级。在多音节词和大部分双音节词前加more和most来构成最高级。 原级

18、 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more mostlittle （少） less least farfarther furtherfarther further注意：有相当多的副词是没有比较等级的。构成等级的副词大部分是一些方式副词。副词比较等级的用法与形容词比较等级的用法相似：She writes faster than he. A bird doesnt fly as fast as a plane.副词最高级前的定冠词the可加也可不加。四、没有比较等级的形容词和副词1.表示比较和特殊意义的形容词和副词：special(l

19、y), comparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly)等；2.表示绝对意义的形容词和副词：perfect(ly), absolute(ly), entire(ly), whol(ly),total(ly)等；3.表示大小、极限、主次、上下、对错等意义的形容词和副词；4.表示性质特征、形状及状态的形容词和副词；5.表示独一无二的意义的形容词和副词；6.表示国籍、时间、方位的形容词和副词。五、几组常用副词辨析1.almost, nearlyalmost和nearly意思均为“几乎，差不多”，经常可以换用。almost语气较nearly强，且不能和not直

20、接连用，但可与其他否定词如no, never, none, nothing, nobody连用。2. hard, hardlyHard:“困难地，努力地，费力地”；hardly：“几乎不”。3. aloud, loud, loudlyaloud：adv. “出声地”，不强调声音的大小，故没有比较等级；loud：adj.“大声的，吵闹的”，强调很大的声音，甚至还有嘈杂声，它的副词是loudly。4. very, much, very muchvery 和 much 都可用于修饰形容词或副词，并放在形容词或副词之前，表示“非常”。修饰形容词或副词的比较级和介词词组，以及和 too连用时，只能用 m

21、uch，如：It is much better to give up smoking.You talked too much just now. It is much too warm here.very much 用于修饰动词，一般放在句子的末尾，如： I like seeing this movie very much.5. very, toovery “非常”，含褒义： Our classroom is very bright.too “太”，含贬义： It is too loud. I cant do my homework now!6. much too, too muchmuch

22、too: “太”，相当于too，修饰形容词或副词，但语气更强。too much: “太多的”，修饰动词或不可数名词(too many修饰可数名词复数)。 The shoes are much too small for me. He eats too much.7. alone, lonelyalone: adv.“独自地，单独地”，意指行为； lonely: adj.“孤独的，寂寞的”，意指心情。Be alone feel lonely8. also, either, too这三个副词的意思都是“也”，但用法有区别also 用于肯定句，放在行为动词之前，系动词或助动词之后； either也用

23、于否定句，但放在句末，且前边一般有“，”； too用于肯定句，放在句末，前边一般也有“，”。9. late, latelylate: “晚地”； lately:“最近，近来”名词变形容词名变形，有多种，下列情况最常用：时间、称谓是一种，一般常把-ly用；天气名词要记清，后缀-y变成形；情感名词又一类，-ful 后缀。名 次构成方法意 义举 例表示天气的名词-y充满的多的cloudy sunnywindy icey表示方位的名词-ern方位的朝方的western southerneastern northern表示称谓的名词-ly般的friendly motherlybrotherly表示时间的

24、名词-ly每的weekly dailyyearly表示物质的名词-en-y制成的般的wooden goldensandy stoney表示情感的名词-ful的有的careful helpfulbeautiful useful-y的Lucky healthynoisey-less不的无的Careless homelesshopeless表示大洲与国家-n的人的AmericanRussian【例题精析】例1.You shouldnt buy many eggs, because there are _ in the fridge.A.too much B.much too C.many too D

25、.too many解析：too much太多，修饰不可数名词，而too many则可修饰可数名词；much too太，十分，修饰形容词和副词。本题中egg是可数名词。答案：D 。例2.Jack works _ in his group but Mike hardly works.A. hard B. hardly C. hardest D. harder解析：注意hard和hardly的区别：hard努力地，harder和hardest分别是它的比较级和最高级；hardly几乎不。“in his group”暗示了最高级的范围，说明杰克工作最努力，但迈克几乎不工作。答案：C 。例3.It wa

26、s so _ a story that quite a few children were_ to tears.A. moved, moving B. moved, moved C. moving, moved D. moving, moving解析：以- ed结尾的形容词意义是“感到的”，通常修饰人，以- ing结尾的形容词则意义是“令人的”，通常修饰事物。答案：C 。专题测试1. This _ girl is Lindas cousin.A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty C.Spanish pretty little D.lit

27、tle pretty Spanish2.The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. as fast as D. so faster as3. We listened _ him.A. carefully enough to catch B. carefully enough catchingC. enough carefully to catch D. enough carefully catching4.The pears of this kind taste_and se

28、ll_ .A. well, well B. well, good C. good, well D. good, good5. BBC English is _ to the people who want to practice listening.A. great use B. great useful C. of great use D. of great useful6.England, USA and Australia are all_countries.A. English-speaking B. English- spokenC. speaking- English D. spo

29、ken- English7. The novel which the professor asked us to finish within a week is _ too difficult for us.A. rather B. very C. quite D. fairly8.Jacks _ brother is 3 years _ than he is.A. elder, elder B. elder, older C. older, older D. older, elder9. The Yangtze Rive is longer than _ rivers in China.A.

30、 all B. any C. any other D. some10.Is the old man _ ? Yes, he lives by himself, but he never feels _,for he is often cared for by the neighborhood.A. lonely, alone B. lonely, lonely C. alone, lonely D. alone, a lone11.Put on your coat before you go out. Its _ cold outside.A.too much B.too many C.muc

31、h too D.many too12. Few of us like him because he thinks _ of other than of himself.A. little B. much less C. much D. much more13. We decided to put off going outing in case it will rain _.A.strongly B. hardly C. heavily D. badly14. What _ it is! How _ you are!A. funny, fun B. funny, funny C. fun, f

32、un D. fun, funny15.Did the medicine make you feel better? No,The more medicine I take,the _ I feel.A. worst B. worse C. bad D. good16. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started.A. tiring, bored B. tiring, boring C. tired, bored D. tired, boring17.Its very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells

33、delicious. Mm, it does have a _ smell.A.pleasant, pleased B.pleasant, pleasant C. pleased, pleased D. pleased, pleasant18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother.A.close B. closely C.closed D.closing19.Of the two shirts,Id like to choose _one.A.the less expensive B.less expensiveC. the most expensive D. most expensive20. If the manager has to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice.A.good B. the best C. better D.the better21.The students are _ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty.A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most22.The pia