2020年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案(代码21)

1、2020年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案（代码21）第一部分：词汇选项1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible1.1 willnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate1.2 realizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool4 .Mostpeoplefindrejectio

2、nhardtoaccept.A.excuseC.destinyD.refusal5 .She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent6 .Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish7 .Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare8 .Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothree

3、yearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation9 .Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious10 .Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthan11 .Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedra

4、pidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed12 .Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic13 .They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking14 .Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unk

5、indB.properC.normalD.unclear15 .Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第二部分：阅读判断ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChildrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.

6、Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs：theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvir

7、onmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeen

8、hardforanindividualtoavoid.Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.The

9、seincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（长期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.Abo

10、utoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.Thenewfin

11、dingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.16 .PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17 .ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18 .Nonsmokingmotherswe

12、reselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19 .Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20 .KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21 .ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidsw

13、ithADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22 .TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试理解：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。FirstImage-recognitionssoftware

14、1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecogni

15、tionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideoratherthanjusttexttolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegle

16、aned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明）,makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3） “Overthelast30years,”saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,”thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmult

17、imediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestop

18、erformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.”4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystematypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnw

19、ithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammedthatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselect

20、edthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.23 .Paragraph124 .Paragraph225 .Paragra

21、ph326 .Paragraph4A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublicationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtificialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheexistingsearchenginesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval27 .Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby.28 .Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin.29 .When

22、performingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore.30 .Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchenginesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsE.documentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage第四部分：阅读理解第一篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueabo

23、utwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（树冠）oftallerindigenous

24、（土生土长的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearentanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wil

25、dlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirds

26、eatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"

27、;birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.31 .Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?文章的主旨是A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.种植咖啡越来越贵C.

28、Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.蔽光生长的咖啡比向光生长的咖啡贵D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.人们应该买蔽光生长的咖啡32 .Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow.段落2中的traditionally作用是来显示A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.咖啡的积极作用B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.咖啡成长的变化C.somethingthatisthemostim

29、portant.最重要的事情D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.咖啡生产过去如何33 .Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?阳光充足的咖啡增加的产量带来什么?A.Moreinsects.更多的昆虫B.Betterqualitycoffee.质量更好的咖啡C.Largerfarms.更大的农场D.Higherprofits.更高利润34 .Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?农民如何找更多的土地来种植阳光充足的咖啡A.Theybuymore

30、landfromotherfarmers.B.Theycutdowntrees.C.Theymovetoanothercountry.D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.35 .Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPTfullsun方式可能影响以下A.insects.昆虫B.air.空气C.brids.鸟D.humans人类第二篇MoreRuralResearchisNeededAgriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitd

31、oesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryearbutwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead.“Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutrition（营养不良）andpo

32、verty.”hesaid.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradation（贫瘠化）andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhichisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheworldsabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworldspopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5XtoXbilli

33、onpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebuttherellstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentipattern.Ifthereisanychange,asligheimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsubSaharanAfrica.Themajo

34、rimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.Thedebelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct（GDP）onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthats

35、preadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs（有用的副产品）forMexico,ChinaorIndia.“Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently.”Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofrice,wheatadmaize（玉米）havegrownim

36、pressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted.“Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforest

37、sandwildlife,youregoingtohavetoincreaseyield.”Dr.Fischersaid.36. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A. Shortageoffoodsupplies.食物供应短缺B. Developmentofagriculturaltechnologies.农业技术的发展C. Impactofagriculturalresearch.农业研究的影响D. Expectationofpopulationgrowth.人口增长的期望值37. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthe

38、worldsagriculturalresearchfunding?关于世界农业研究资金一下准确的是A. Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.发达国家的正在增长B. Itisdecreasingworldwide.世界都在下降C. Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.发展中国际比较不需要D. Mostofitisspentveryefficiently.绝大部分都高效使用38. WhatisthepictureofAsiasfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?在第一个25年中，亚洲食物供应的

39、图景是什么A. Foodshortagewillnotbeaproblem食物短缺不再是问题B. TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.在南亚会有更多饥饿的人C. Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.人口增长会导致更多饥饿的人D. TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.东亚饥饿的人会减少39. WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnologies?DrFischer关于技术说了什么A. Theyarecostly.他们贵B. The

40、yhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.必须提升来满足当地的需求C. Theirapplicationislimited.应用很少D. Theyhavetobeappliedlocally.必须应用在当地40. Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat.从最后一段能够推测出来A. thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agriculturalactivities.有需要为非农业活动节省土地B. cropproductionisgrowingfasterindevelopingcountries.在发展

41、中国家，种植业发展更快C. maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.玉米产量在1990年代达到Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995仅仅说上升了并没有说达到错误D. technologiesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.提升玉米产量的技术已经很好的发展第三篇DangersawaitbabieswithaltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld'shighestco

42、mmunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn'tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunde

43、r-nourishedmanypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities：LaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityinthew

44、orld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowea

45、lthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,"saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth."Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,"saysGiussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudeba

46、biestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.

47、Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary（冠状的）heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.41. Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A. Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.B. Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.

48、 Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.D. Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.42. Giussaniandhisteamaresurethat.A. babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.B. peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C. thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamili

49、esisSantaCruz.D. mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished.43. ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussanisaysinParagraph4that.A. thefindingwasunexpectedB. hewasverytired.C. thestudytooklongerthanexpected.D. hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz.44. Theresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonfortheunderweightb

50、abiesis.A. lackofcertainnutrition.B. powertyoftheirmother.C. differentfamilybackgrounds.D. reductionofoxygenlevels.45. Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat.A. high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.B. under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.C. babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormone

51、sbeforebirth.D. newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后面有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals（壁画）canbrighteneventheworstcom

52、mute.Paintingsthatdepict(描述)famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallaccessthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2,000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthecombinationofgraffiti(涂鸦),pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition.(46)inthepas

53、t,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.(47)Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselectedandmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youn

54、gL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting(48)ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamile(0.8kilometer)inNorthHollywood,(49)ittookeightyearstocomplete400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesignsandis

55、probablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984.(50)Twitchellsaid,"itwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace."Artists

56、oftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanteachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority,"saidoneartist.9.50.A.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.B

57、.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.D.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.F.Soon,theirmuralsbecam

58、easymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.'sculturaldiversity.第六部分：完形填空I'llBeBachComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan't(51)thedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowr