2020年职称英语综合类概括大意练习(六)

1、2020年职称英语综合类概括大意练习(6)StudyShowsFacesAreProcessedLikeWords1. Althoughtheyaredramaticallydifferent，wordsandfacesarebothrecognizedbyparts，accordingtoastudypublishedinFebruaryintheJournalofVision，anonline，freeaccesspublicationoftheAssociationforResearchinVisionandOphthalmology（ARVO）。2. Ithasbeensuggeste

2、dthatfacesandwordsarerecognizeddifferently，thatfacesareidentifiedbywholeswhereaswordsandotherobjectsareidentifiedbyparts.3. However，MarialuisaMartelli，NajibMajaj，andDenisPelli，threeneuroscientistsfromNewYorkUniversity，conductedastudythatfindsindividualsuseletterstorecognizewordsandfacialfeaturestore

3、cognizefaces.4. Toreachthisfinding，experimentswereperformedinwhichobserverswereaskedtofocusonablackdot，totherightofwhichwasaletter.Totheleftofthedotwasathree-letterwordinwhichthelettertotherightwasinthemiddleofthatword.Thevisualexperimentsalsoinvolvedmanipulatedfacesandfacialfeatures.Inthiscase，obse

4、rverswouldfocusonablackdot.Tothedot'srightwerelipsthatwerefatorthin，orsmilingorfrowning.Totheleftofthedotwasanentireface.5. Whenthewordstotheleftwerespacednormallyandthefacewasofnormalproportions，subjectshadagreatdealofdifficultyidentifyingoutoftheirperipheralvisiontheletterandthecharacteristics

5、ofthelips.Pelliconcludesthatcontexthindersidentificationandcrowdswhatistobeidentified.6. Inasecondexperiment，theobserverswerepresentedwithacontextthatprovedtomakerecognitioneasier.Whereletteridentificationwasinvolved，theletterscomprisingthewordtotheleftofthedotwerespreadout.Whenfaceswereinvolved，the

6、facialfeaturessimilarlywerespreadapart.Inthisexperiment，subjectsfoundnamingtheletterandrecognizingthetypeoflipstothedot'srightfareasier.Inthiscase，Pellinotes，torecognizeawordorface，eachletterorfacialfeaturemustbeisolatedfromtherest.7. “Thesemeasuresappeartobeidentifyingwhatkindofcomputationisper

7、formedbythebrainindoingthis，”saysPelli.Thebrain，hesays，isrecognizingtheseobjectsbyparts，notaswholes.Ourvisualsystemrecognizes“bite-sizedpieces”ofourworld，andourbrainassemblesthemintotheperceptualobjectsthatconstituteourenvironment.23. Paragraph4.24. Paragraph5.25. Paragraph6.26. Paragraph7.A. Brainr

8、ecognizesobjectsbypartsB. Contextpreventidentificationandcrowdsbeingidentified.C. HowdoesthebrainperformcomputationD. Whenrecognizeawordorfacefeaturemustbeisolatedfromtherest.each letter or facialE. facesandwordsarerecognizeddifferentlyF. observerswereaskedtofocusonablackdot27. Inthepastpeoplebelieve.28. namingtheletterandrecognizingthetypeoflipstothedot'srightbecomemoreeasierbecause.29. ourbrain.30. Ourvisualsystem.A. lettersandthefacialfeaturesspreadapartB. allthingsareidentifiedbywholesC. facesareidentifiedbywholesD. recognizesourworldbypiecesE. recognizingobjectsbypa