智康1对1小升初指导中心

1、智康1对1小升初指导中心现在完成时现在完成时是由助动词 have(has+动词的过去分词done构成。助动词have说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词done是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。(1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常和just、already、yet 等副词连用。如:-Have you had dinner yet?你(已经吃晚饭了吗?-Yes,I have. I've just had it. 我刚刚吃过。(强调现在我不饿了(2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然

2、在进行。常和for和since等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:He has livedin Beijing since 2001.他自从2001年就住在北京了。(可能还要继续住下去(3表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有ever,never,twice,three times等时间状语。如: I have been to Shanghai three times.我去过上海三次。1陈述句结构:主语+have/has(not+过去分词+其它。have not=haven't has not=hasn't.2一般疑问句结构:Have(Has

3、+主语+过去分词+其它。3特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has +主语+ 过去分词+其它。例如:She has already seen the film.She hasnt seen the film yet.Has she seen the film yet?Yes,she has./ No,she hasn't.现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。有already,yet,since,for, ever,never,just,before,up to now等。如:We have alr

4、eady finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始学英语已三年了。(1have been to与have gone to的区别:have been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了”,可用于各人称;have gone (to表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地”,常用于第三人称,前者可与

5、once,never,several times 等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven'

6、t left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。练一练:一、用since和for填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent c

7、ountry 1974.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。-词形大“变态”。1. He (live in Beijing since he was born.2. My friend, Chang Li, (buy a new car last week.3. We (not hear from them for a long time.4. I (not read the book before.5. Mother (make me a new coat yesterday.6. I (see him go into the hotel just now.答案见下期上一期答案:A、用动词的适当形

8、式填空。1 It_was_( be Bens birthday last Friday.2 _Are_they going to_sweep_ ( sweep the floor on Sunday? No,they_arent_.3 We all_had_ ( have a good time last night.4 Jim _is_going to plant( plant trees tomorrow.5 She likes_reading_newspapers,but she _read_a book yesterday. ( read .6 He _is playing_footb

9、all now,but they _played_basketball just now.( play .7 I _am_going to watch( watch a cartoon next Monday.B、按要求改写句子。1 My father came to the shop just now.(改为否定句My father_didnt _ _come_ to the shop just now.2Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句_Are_ _you_ _going_ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?3 Their teacher told them a story yesterday.(对划线部分提问_What_ _did_ their teacher_tell_them yesterday?4She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问_What_ _is_ she_going_ _to_ _do_