发展新亚欧大陆桥沿线城市物流产业的策略

1、发展新亚欧大陆桥沿线城市物流产业的策略日本全球基础设施基金研究财团博士 山元顺雄(2003年11月)介 绍就在我出发前往北京前，我的一个老朋友，著名的记者柴田先生刚刚从他的66天西安土耳其伊斯坦布尔新丝绸之旅返回东京，此次旅行是汽车旅行，由日本最大的旅行社日本旅游局组织。 此次汽车旅行，他支付了大约2万美金，包括餐和旅馆，还有睡袋帐篷等。此次汽车旅行大约有20名团员，平均年龄70岁。大部分团员已经不是第一次沿此线路旅游。他访问了W个国家，X个城市，以及在帐篷里度过了Z个晚上。他每到一地儿都要给我发E-MAIL。沿桥各地目前的设施和物质条件和他出发前的想象完全不同，此行本来就瘦的他又掉了5公斤的

2、体重。但柴田先生对此次新丝绸之路的旅行非常满意，还期待着能再次沿此线路旅游。进一步改善新丝绸之路汽车旅行 柴田先生指出新丝绸之路旅行存在如下需改进的地方： （a）收费系统复杂。不同的省洲收费标准不同； （b）道路整修无计划，无提前通告，备用路路况差； （c）超载卡车过多以及交通监控系统的维护较差； （d）交通法规不够完善，城市里行人的危险性很大； （e）沿线地区卫生设施不够理想； （f）新亚欧大陆桥需要更多免下车餐饮类服务设施； （g）“前苏联”类型的制度以及各省的检查； （h）路况维修不良； （I）频繁地向当地当局递交各种复杂旅行报告。 幸运的是，在古丝绸之路的美名之下，新丝绸之路沿途不令人

3、满意的硬件和基础设施还是可以忍受的。日本旅游局的欧亚汽车游是在过去10年中最成功的包办旅行。城市和交通网 每个城市总是同其他城市、乡镇、地区以及国家相互依赖。新亚欧大陆桥沿桥城市在物流方式上能有任何不同吗？ 新亚欧大陆桥沿桥城市与古丝绸之路上为旅行者和运货人准备的绿洲是不同的。这些城市已不是必不可少的停留之地。旅行者或者运货人可以根据自己的需要选择任何一个城市。正因为沿途好象形成了一带状或走廊状的商场，所以此路线才叫新亚欧大陆桥。 每一个沿线城市市长都必须决定他/她的城市希望从新亚欧大陆桥得到什么。沿线城市的贸易、交易、交流范围能在多大程度上改善、改变和延伸？ 邀请谁，访问谁，希望传送什么或者

4、接收什么？ 从A点到B点或者C点，你打算访问哪个城市或者邀请谁到贵市？有没有携带行李或者货物？迪拜实例：旅游业作为支柱产业 上个月，我前往世界上虽小，但是是阿拉伯联合酋长国最富裕国家之一的迪拜的一个港市，参加国际货币基金组织/世界银行年会。该港市地处沙漠，面向波斯湾。 迪拜作为阿拉伯联合酋长国之一，并不生产石油。迪拜的总人口大约1百万，和别的国家一个中等城市人口相当。迪拜是古丝绸之路上的一个港口城市。 各种新牌轿车在林荫大道上川流不息，很少看到路上有步行的行人。在10月份温度高达40摄氏度。我们只能在有空调的汽车里生存。阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜，正象香港、上海和新加坡一样，将致力于发展金融服务和旅

5、游业，特别是发展购物业和海边度假胜地。 为了提升该国在全球社会的影响和知名度，政府鼓励对已经很成熟的城市结构和人力资源教育的投资。我当时住迪拜的香格里拉酒店。它的中国餐对我真是一个巨大的惊喜。厨师、服务生都是中国大陆来的，说一口流利的英语。经理来自日本的横滨的中国城，一个日本东京旁边的港口城市，说一口流利的日语。后来，我才明白我根本不需要对迪拜的中国餐感到惊喜，因为在世界任何地方都能找到中国餐厅，甚至在中国的太空船上。就在中国餐厅旁边是充满异国情调摩洛哥餐厅，那里你可以尽情享受地中海美食，观赏独具风格的肚皮舞。迪拜政府一直鼓励外国人参观和投资新开发的面向波斯湾的共管区。 什么使迪拜能够以金融市

6、场服务和旅游业为生呢？ 我们可以从迪拜所遇到的挑战中了解到，即使在如此恶劣和困难的环境下，只要有决心和集中精力，他们就可以做别人能做的买卖，提供别人能提供的各种产品、货物和服务。新环境：IT业和新兴产生的数字世界 迪拜克服这种地域恶劣条件，赖于生存的主要因素之一是依靠信息通讯技术产业和数码技术。 宽带通讯系统瞬间从远距离准确地带来巨大的信息量，方便、经济、快捷。它将同时改变旅客和货物运输的方式。 IT业使得信息流通无论从距离方面还是数量方面更加自由。 IT业使新亚欧大陆桥在行使交通网络功能更加便捷。同时城市也将变得更加具有竞争力。 在IT商务和数码科技时代，沿线城市中，谁将成为你们的消费者、顾

7、客、合作伙伴和竞争者？ 三维数码信息将鼓励潜在的消费者参观新亚欧大陆桥地区，或者说只有三维数码信息可以令这些消费者满意。作为沿新亚欧大陆桥城市的市长： （a）你必须明确谁是你的合作伙伴，或者竞争对手？ （b）以什么样的形式和你合作或竞争？ （c）你将希望接收什么？输出什么？信息、人力资源、商品、资金、土地？利用新丝绸之路这一盛名可以收到直接或间接的投资。新丝绸之路名称来自于一个德国学者力克萨文，他给丝绸之路起名为“Seidenstrassen”，当地人称为“丝路”。(d) 不只是一个浪漫的象征。新亚欧大陆桥注定要成为古丝绸之路走廊或沿线地带的象征或标志。但无需多言，作为横跨欧亚大陆地区的交通网

8、络，新亚欧大陆桥在交通便利程度和运送货物量上和其他大陆桥、空运和海运路线相比都更具有竞争力。所以，起初新亚欧大陆桥本身似乎很有吸引力，但是如果没有充分的准备和持久的发展，除了华而不实的概念，你无法期待更多的东西。而且，你还会发现在沿桥地带充斥着恶性市场竞争。作为市长，你应该决定哪些优惠条件可以吸引顾客。从亚欧大陆汽车之旅可以看出，你们有令人陶醉的风景和大量未开发的旅游资源，包括历史和美丽的自然风光。在沿线城市间既有竞争又有合作的大环境下，你们准备向世界提供怎样的服务和产品呢？从迪拜遇到的挑战中可以看出，在恶劣条件下，只要有决心和集中精力，仍然可以创造、买卖和供给各种产品、货物和服务。除了旅游，

9、作为交通网的一部分，新亚欧大陆桥和普通的公路没有太大的不同。当然，两边桥头堡地区大规模的需求量正是新亚欧大陆桥与普通公路系统的不同之处。和西伯利亚铁路运输和海运相比，通行费和交通税收将削弱新亚欧大陆桥的竞争力和吸引力。我们怎样能提高竞争力和吸引力？我们怎样能把我们的特性辐射到沿桥市场和桥头堡地区呢？整个国际社会都应该支持沿桥封闭地区，帮助他们通过新亚欧大陆桥向世界展示自己。对货运而言，新亚欧大陆桥与海运空运相比应该更具竞争力。经济效益是它的主要优势。新亚欧大陆桥沿桥城市发展战略模式为竞争而联盟，为发展而联合；与较远城市合作，与相邻城市竞争。（A）没有你市加入的新亚欧大陆桥C - B桥头堡 桥头

10、堡（B）有你市介入的新亚欧大陆桥 C-A-B你的城市（C）新亚欧大陆桥家庭参与模式(D) 新亚欧大陆桥 你和竞争对手的模式( E) 新亚欧大陆桥 你和朋友（顾客和客户）的模式（F）新亚欧大陆桥 你和朋友敌人共存的模式那种模式适合贵市的“战略”？想象一下新亚欧大陆桥的景象，也许对旅游产业来讲，“经济模式” 是第一位的，但正如柴田先生在他的汽车旅行报告中提到的，相关设施应的建设应同步跟上。新亚欧大陆桥沿线的服务和供给迫切需要达到标准化的质量。结 论（A） 竞争模式同床异梦（B） 合作模式同床同梦？千万不要睡在同一张床上。不要满足于新亚欧大陆桥的概念。 梦想只是梦想。不下决心和集中精力，梦想不会变成

11、现实。（C） （双赢模式） 竞争合作 项链上的珍珠模式在新亚欧大陆桥的盛名之下，每个城市都应在阳光下闪亮发光。The international symposium on economic cooperationsalong New Eurasian Continental Bridge regions in 2003Memo (Draft) Presentation for Forum II;Strategy for the development of the logistic industry in the Citiesalong the New Silk Roadin2003 Inte

12、rnational Symposium onRegional Economic Cooperation alongNew Silk RoadNovember 3rd to 4th, 2003Zhengzhou City, Henan ProvincePeoples Republic of ChinaSubmitted byNorio Yamamoto Global Infrastructure Fund Research Foundation JapanIntroductionJust before my departure for Beijing, one of my old friends

13、, Mr. Yasuhiko Shibata, famous journalist returned to Tokyo from his 66 days chartered bus trip along the Silk Road from Xian to Istanbul in Turkey organized by the largest travel agent in Japan, Japan Travel Bureau(JTB).For the bus tour, he paid about US $ 20,000 including meals and hotels, or slee

14、ping bag and tent. The bus tour had about 20 participants at their average age of 70 years old. Most of the participants were repeaters for the tour. He visited “W” countries,”X” cities,”Y” hotels and spent nights in the tent “ Z” times. He sent email to me wherever he stops. Though facilities and l

15、ogistics along NSR at present were entirely different from what he had imagined before his departure and he lost his weight by 5 kilo from his slim body during the trip But Mr. Shibata said he had got satisfied with the Silk Road Tour and would like to visit Silk Road again.For more comfortable bus

16、tour of NSRMr. Shibata pointed out the followings as items to be improved for better trip for NSR,(a) Complicated toll systems. Different tolls for provinces and prefectures(b) Unscheduled and unannounced road maintenance. Bad conditions of the alternative routes(c) Overloaded trucks and poor mainte

17、nance for traffic control system(d) Inadequate traffic regulations and serious danger of pedestrians in the cities(e) Undesirable hygiene condition at the facilities along the route(f) NSR needs more drive-in type facilities (g) “Former Sovie”t type of regulations and check by the provinces(h) Poor

18、maintenance of road(i) Frequent submission of the complicated tour report to the authoritiesFortunately poor conditions of the hardware and infrastructures in the adventure along the Silk Road were tolerated, and interpreted positively under the name of the ancient Silk Road. JTBs Eurasian Bus Tour

19、is one of the most successful package tour over the decade.Cities and Transportation networkCities live their lives in the interdependence with other cities, town, villages and the region, and other foreign countries. Is there any different logistic approach for the cities along the New Silk Road Co

20、rridor/Belt? The cities along the NSR are different from old oasis for ancient Silk Road travelers and cargos. These cities are not inevitable stops. Travelers and cargos can choose any cities if needed at their convenience. NSR is interpreted as if it were belt/corridor-like-market along the route.

21、 The mayor of the city will have to decide what his/her city will expect from the NSR. To what extent the sphere of trade, transaction and communication of the city could be modified, changed, extended along the NSR? Whom to invite or visit, what to send or receive?From point A to point B or point C

22、, whom are you going to visit or invite to your city? With or without baggage or cargo?<Case Dubai: Tourism as a pillar industry>Last month, I visited, tiny but the one of the richest country Dubai of the United Arab Emirates, the port city in the desert facing the Persian Gulf for the IMF/WB

23、annual meeting. Dubai, one of the Emirates, is not oil producer. The population of Dubai is around a million comparable to the middle-sized city of the any country. Dubai was a port in the Silk Route in the ancient days.Brand new cars are streaming along the street and the boulevard. It is rare to s

24、ee people walking along the street. It is hot in October 40 degrees centigrade. We can merely survive in the air-conditioned cabin of the automobile. Dubai in the United Arab Emirate will strive to live on the financial service and tourism like Hong Kong or Shanghai or Singapore especially for shopp

25、ing and seaside resort.To secure presence and raise visibility of the country in the global community, investment into the sophisticated urban structure and education for human resource has been encouraged by the government.I stayed at the Shangri-La Hotel in the city of Dubai and it was pleasant su

26、rprise to enjoy Chinese cuisine. Chef, waiters and waitresses who speak perfect English are from Mainland China and manager who can speak perfect Japanese was from the China town of city of Yokohama, port city next to Tokyo in Japan. Later I came to know I should not be surprised with Chinese Cuisin

27、e in Dubai, Chinese Cuisine is available anywhere in the world even in the Chinese spacecraft in the orbit. And just located next to the Chinese Restaurant was fancy Moroccan Restaurant where we can enjoy Mediterranean food and belly dance.Government of Dubai are encouraging foreigner to visit and i

28、nvest into the newly developed condominium facing the Persians Gulf.What makes Dubai possible to live on financial market service and tourism?We learn, from the challenge of Dubai, decision and concentration will make products and goods and service, which we can sell and supply, even in the handicap

29、ped and difficult condition.New Environment: IT and newly emerging Digital WorldOne of the key factors for Dubai to rely on to survive is ICT and digital technology to overcome the handicapped situation of the region.Broadband communication system that carry enormous amount of information instantly

30、in the long distance accurately, easily and economically is going to change the transportation system for passengers and cargo at the same time. IT made information flow free from the distance and volume to the extent.IT will facilitate the NSR to function as transportation network but at the same t

31、ime, the cities should be more competitive among themselves.Who could be your customer and client and partner and competitor along the NSR in the day of IT business and digital technology?3D digital information will encourage the potential customers to visit the NSR area or get them satisfied only w

32、ith the 3D digital information.As a mayor of the city along the Silk Road,You will have to identify who is your partner, or competitor?And in which model?Send out or receiveWhat would you like to receive and send out respectively, information, natural person, goods, money, land as a receiving dish o

33、f direct or indirect investment by taking advantage of the great name of NSR originated from ” Seidenstrassen” thanks to German scholar Lichthoven.Not only as a romantic symbolNSR definitely play a role of emblem or symbol of the corridor or belt along the old Silk Road.But needless to say, NSR shou

34、ld be competitive in its quality and volume as a part of the transportation network over the Eurasia region to the alternative land bridge, air route and sea route.Therefore, NSR itself seems so attractive at first, but without good preparation and follow-up, you may not expect much from the grandio

35、se concept, and you may be exposed to the tough completive market along the belt.As mayor, you should decide what is your favorite item to deal with your customers and clients.As you understand from the Eurasian Bus Tour, you have wonderful landscape and untapped resources for tourism, backed by the

36、 history and beautiful nature. What sort of services or products are you ready to supply to the rest of the world considering competitive and cooperative situation among the neighboring cities along the NSR.As we learned from the challenge of Dubai, determined will and concentration will make produc

37、ts and goods and service which you would like to sell and supply even in the handicapped situation. Except for tourism, NSR will not be so different from the ordinary road as part of the transportation network, though, of course, large-scale demand at the both spearheads of the bridge will make NSR

38、different from ordinary road system.Toll or transport tax at the boarders will make NSR less competitive and less attractive than the railway in Siberia and the sea route.How can we produce attractive and competitive specialties? How can we send the specialties to the market along the NSR and the spearheads of the bridge?The international society should help and support the land locked area to expose them to the rest of the world through the NSR. As fo