代词 高一英语

1、代词代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词共九类。人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 一 、人称代词1、人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。eg：We all like

2、 her very much.2、作表语时多用宾格。eg:Who is talking? It's him.3、用she来代表国家、船只、飞机、城市、大地、月亮等，以示亲切和爱抚。eg:China is a great country.She has a very long history.4、在并列主语中，第二人称放在首位，第三人称放在其次，第一人称放在最后。eg：You ,he and I have been to Shanghai twice.5、有时可用it代替小孩child或婴儿babyeg ：The baby smiled when it saw its father.二、

3、物主代词1、形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，后加名词。Eg：I am your new English teacher this term.My name is Cathy.2、名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。Eg :Is this book yours? No,it's not mine.Mine is here.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词3、在一些固定结构中常用“the”代替物主代词Eg:Bill hit Mike on the head.4、一些短语中的物主代词一般不可省略。Eg: all one's life一生，终生 change one'

4、s mind改变主意 come to one's mind 想起 do one's best 竭尽全力follow one's example 以。为榜样 lose one's life 丧生make up one's mind 下决心，决定 on one's way to 在某人去.的路上take one's time 不着急，慢慢来 stay on one's feet 站着to one's surprise 令某人感到吃惊的是 with one's help 在某人的帮助下5、“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属

5、关系Eg:a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友三、反身代词1、反身代词是表示反射（指一个动作回射到执行人本身）或强调（用来加强名词或代词的语气）的代词。2、反身代词经常与一些动词或介词连用，构成短语。Eg: learn sth by oneself=teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself过的愉快 dress oneself 穿衣 wash oneself 洗刷 help oneself 随便。 leave one by oneself 把某人留下来 all by oneself 独自一人四、指示代词指示代词包括this

6、 that these those it 1、this,these一般用来表示在时间或空间上较近的人或物，而that，those常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。Eg：This is a pencil. That is a ruler.2、This,these 可指后面要讲到的事情，而That，those 指前面已经提到的事情。Eg：Mike asked me to help him with his lessons this evening.I'm afraid I can't do that.3、在作比较时可用that ，those指代前面提到的名词，that指代单数可数名词或

7、不可数名词，those指代复数可数名词。Eg：The weather in Wuhan is warmer than that in Beijing.4、在打电话时，用that来询问对方是谁，用this来介绍自己是谁。Eg: Is that Lucy speaking?5、Yes ,who is that？ This is Jony speaking.6、it也可作为指示代词，常用于不分或不明男女的情况下。Eg:Who is knocking the door？ 7、It is the postman.五、相互代词（相互关系的代词）宾格（each other；one another）属格（ea

8、ch other's ；one another's) 传统语法中each other指代两者；而one another用于两者以上。Eg：You and I understand each other.They have been seperated from one another a long time.六、疑问代词1、疑问代词Who whom whose what which用来构成特殊疑问句。其中前三个只能指人，后两个可指人或物。2、Who what which后面可加ever以加强语气。Eg：Whoever are you looking for?你到底在找谁？3、W

9、hat与 which作定语的区别是which用于在一定范围内的人或事物中进行选择，而what没有此限制。4、Who 与whatWho is he ? 他是谁？ What is he？他是做什么职业的？5、who与whom现代英语中往往用who代替whom，但前面有介词，常用whomEg：By whom was it made？七、连接代词疑问代词who whom whose what which引导宾语从句时称作连接代词，具体用法见宾语从句。八、关系代词疑问代词who whose whom which引导定语从句时，称作关系代词，具体用法见定语从句。Linda ,there is somebo

10、dy knocking at the door.Go and see who( ) is.A: he B：she C: it D: thatWe have no idea ( )he is. They say he is a policeman.A: whom B: what C: which D: whoHe found ( )necessary for him to improve his spoken English.A: that it B：what C： it D：thatThe teacher wanted ( )to do the work. A:Jim, Mike and I

11、B：I，Jim and Mike C:Mike,Jim and me D:Jim,me and MikeDo you know the boy sitting between Peter and ( )?A:she B: I C: his D:meI hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ( ).A: it B: those C:them D: oneA latest English newspaper ,please. Only one copy left.Would you like to have ( ), sir ?

12、A： it B：one C：this D：that We are interested in ( ) work.A: each other B: one another C: one another's D: one anothers'Are these cars made in Japan ？ Yes, and they're much cheaper than ( ) made in Amercia.A: that B： those C; it D： ones Why did ( ) take Aunt Alice almost an hour to get hom

13、e？ I dont know.May there was something wrong with her car.A; that B: it C; she D： this九、不定代词（一） 不定代词的分类不定代词是指代非特定对象的代词，可根据不同的标准分类：1、 肯定意义的代词：both ,all ,every, each,other,another,many,much,a few,a little, some ,one, any ,somebody, someone, eveerything, nothing2、 否定意义的不定代词：no, neither, none, nobody, n

14、othing, few, little3、 指两者的不定代词 both, either, neither, the other, each(两者中的每一个)4、 指三者以上的不定代词：all, every, each(既可指多者中每一个又可指两者中每一个)，many, a few, some, any5、 只能作定语的不定代词：no， every6、 表示可数意义的不定代词：many, few, other, another, each, some, any, none, every,one7、 表示不可数意义的不定代词：much, little, some, any8、 复合不定代词：som

15、e, any, no, every, 与one, body, thing 合并在一起构成的代词someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything ,everyone, everybody(二) 复合不定代词所带有的修饰词要后置，作后置定语。复合不定代词也可由else修饰，表示“其它的、”eg: 1、I have something important. 2、He hasnt anything to tell you. 3、Do you want to say anything else？（三）、不定代词的全部否定和部分否定全部否定的不

16、定代词：none， neither， nothing部分否定的不定代词：not all, not both, not everything, all.not, both.not, everything. not(四)、不定代词作主语时谓语动词数的概念。不定代词作主语时谓语动词应当用单数。Eg：1、Nothing is done to the pollution in this area. 2、Nobody has been sent to the front up to now.三、常考代词分析（一）some 与any 的用法1、some用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句，修饰单数

17、名词时，译为“某个”eg：I have some questions about the assigenment. Would you mind buying me some ice cream?（希望得到肯定答复）2、any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示“一些”，用于肯定句时只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示“任何”The medicine is on sale everywhere .You can get it at any chemists.3、以some any构成的复合不定代词在用法上，基本与some和any 相似。Someone， somebody，something一般用于肯定句

18、。Anyone， anybody，anything一般用于否定句，疑问句和条件状语从句。当表达建议，请求等肯定意愿时，疑问句中也可以用以some构成的复合不定代词。当表示带有“任何”意味时，由any构成的符合不定代词也可以用于肯定句。要根据说话的口气来判断，区别。Eg： Look carefully and you will see something in the tree. Did they smell anything strange？ Will you give me something to eat?4、由any 构成的不定代词，在否定句中不可作主语（除非表示“任何”之意）此时要用n

19、one， nobody（no one），nothing等表否定的词来作主语，不可说anything isnt wrong with you. 要说Nothing is wrong with you.(二) each 与every 的用法1、every强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。Eg： Every student in our schoool works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。 Every student may have one book.每个学生都可有一本书。2、Every指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）3、every只作形容词，不可单

20、独使用，each可作代词或形容词。Eg： Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4、every有“每.”的意思，如every two weeks等；each没有。5、every与not连用，表示部分否定；each和not连用表示全部否定。Eg： Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。 Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。（三）both， either，neither all，any，none

21、这些词都可用作代词或形容词，其位置都在be动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1、both（两者都），either（两者中任何一个），neither（两者都不），以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Eg：Neither of the two boys is clever。两个男孩都不聪明。2、both，either 中 both与复数连用，either与单数连用。Eg： Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 There are flowers on both sides of th

22、e street. There are flowers on either side of the street.3、all（所有的，全部的人或物），any（任何一个）,none (都不)，以上词使用范围为三者以上。Eg： All the flowers are gone。 I dont like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 I like none of the flowers . 这些花我都不喜欢。*all与none用法一样，跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。Eg:All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那儿。A

23、ll(of)the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那儿。（四）many , much 都译为“许多”，many指代可数名词，much指代不可数名词，还可作形容词用，many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。Eg： 1、How many people are there at the meeting? 2、How much time has we left ? 3、 Many of the workers were at the meeting. 4、 Much of the time was spent in learning.(五)few， Little，a few，a Li

24、ttle（a）few + 可数名词，（a）Little + 不可数名词； a few和a little为肯定含义“还有一点”，few和little 为否定含义“没有多少了”Eg：He has a little friends .他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time .我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。（六）no one和none1、none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one 单独使用只指人。2、none作主语，谓语动词用单复数均可，而no

25、one 作主语谓语动词只能用单数。Eg：None of you could lift it.你们中没有人能够举起它。Did any one call me up just now? No one.（七）it ，one，that1、it指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词，指的是“同名同物”；eg: The Greens bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.2、one 所表示的名词（人或物）和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个，不是特指其中某一个，不能代替不可数名词。“同类异物”eg：I

26、 hpe there are enough apples for children to have one.3、that指代的是同一类事物而不是同一个事物，但是that代替的是有定冠词的名词，表示特指，它还可以代替不可数名词。用that代替前面已出现的可数名词（that相当于the one）或不可数名词时，后面一定要跟修饰，且that只能指物。Eg： No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.（八）other，another，others，any other，the other的用法1、other表示泛指，译为“另外的，其它的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，如果其前有the ，this，some，any，each，every，no， one以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词eg：I have no other place to go.2、another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数，可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表