英语国际音标发音标准【附发音器官示意图】(整理版)

1、第一部分 英语国际音标发音标准 第二部分 发音器官图及说明发音主要分为三部分：喉部、口腔、鼻腔。 A 、喉部的发音器官：1气管 2声带(包括声门 3会厌软骨 B 、口腔的发音器官：4舌：a. 舌端 b.舌前部 c.舌后部d. 舌根5硬腭 6. 软腭 7上齿龈 8牙齿 9唇 l0小舌 C 、鼻腔26个英文字母音标表 第三部分 发 音 标 准一、元音的发音I 单元音 发音方法描述： 发音时舌尖轻抵下齿，前舌部向上腭抬起，口形扁而平。发音时间延续较长。例词：Be meat sheep secret believe 例句：I dont believe it. He feels very weak. 发

2、音方法描述： 发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，发音时间短促。 例词：It big rich visit loaded business 例句：It s a very big city. I feel a bit dizzy. 发音方法描述： 舌尖抵下齿，前舌部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，气流从口腔泄出，声带振动。发音时间短促。例词：Fed best them wedding refresh例句：Well fed,well bred. I will never forget petty. 发音方法描述： 舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬，双唇开口度较大，并向两边平展，发音短促。 例词：At hav

3、e flat stand saturday 例句:Im glad to know that.He was born in a happy family. 发音方法描述： 舌身放低后缩，舌后部隆起，口形张大，全开，声带振动。发音延续较长。 例词：Art fast March party advance 例句：My father has a large farm.Please park your car in the car park. 发音方法描述： 舌身尽量降低并收缩，舌后部抬起。双唇收圆更收小，并稍向前突。发音延续较长。例词：Saw born course thought morning 例

4、句：They are talking about Ford.I decided to go abroad after graduation. 发音方法描述：舌身尽量降低并后缩，舌后部抬起，口形稍收圆，开口比长元音稍大但不向前 突出。发音短促。例词：Hot boss want doctor holiday 例句：Who s knocking at the door.Lost time is never found again. 发音方法描述： 舌身后缩，舌后部尽量抬起，口形较小较圆，较突出。发音延长。 例词：Do you tooth choose June例句：You must follow t

5、he rules of the school.Whose shoes are these? 发音方法描述： 舌身后缩，舌后部抬 起，口形收圆，稍微突出， 比的口形略放松。发音短促。 例词：Book good put wood push 例句：This book is a good cook-book.Let me have a look. 发音方法描述 舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，双唇较扁，开口较大。发音短促。 例词：Up but does rough thunder例句：The old man has got much money. I went to cinema just for

6、fun. 发音方法描述： 舌位抬高，舌身后缩并放平，口形微张，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较紧张。发音延续较长。例词：Sir her third worth early 例句：Can I help you,sir?Everybody deserves good services. 发音方法描述： 舌身放平，舌中部抬起，口形微开，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉放松。在词首或词中发得较模糊，在词尾时应该适当延长。例词：About again teacher writer paper 例句：We ran along the river.She is a famous professor.单元音对比i: - ieat-it

7、 seek-sick read-rid feel-fill keep-kip meal-mill e - ibet-bit bed-bid set-sit fell-fill pen-pin æ - ebad-bed band-bend sad-said had-head gas-guess gat-get : - court-cot short-shot port-pot lord-lot naught-not chalk-chocku:-upoor-pull food-foot fool-fullcool-cook tool-took shoot-should a:- dark-

8、duck march-much lark-luck cart-cut calm-comeæ- cat-cut hat-hut bad-bud cap-cup ran-run wan-won双元音 发音方法描述：发音由 向自然滑动，滑动过程中口形从半开到半合，舌位随之抬高。例词：Eight day face gate faithful例句：It s pay day today.Better late than never. 发音方法描述： 发音时由向自然滑动，滑动过程中，口形逐渐由半开到小而圆，舌位由半低到高。例词：Old so show note close例句：It s so co

9、ld.Please close the window. 发音方法描述： 发音时由向滑动，滑动过程中口形从开到合。发此音时注意把音发足。例词：Eye tie ride knife arrive例句：The kite is flying in the shy.Prices are very high these days. 发音方法描述： 发音时由向自然滑动，滑动过程中双唇收拢收圆，口 形由大到小，舌位由低到高。例词：Out how about cloud mountain例句：I couldnt help shouting out.The milk became sour. 发音方法描述： 发音

10、时由向自然滑动，但不到舌位就停止了。滑动 的过程中双唇逐渐由圆变扁，口形由大到小。例词：Boy joy join enjoy spoil例句：He likes making noise in the class.The boy is spoilt by his parents. 发音方法描述： 发音时由向自然滑动，滑动过程中发音较清楚， 发音较弱，双唇始终半开。 例词：Ear fear here clear例句：Im living near here.Students became all ears when their professor was teaching. 发音方法描述： 由向自然

11、滑动，滑动过程中，开口程度稍稍收小。例词：Air care hair share parent例句：Their parents stood over there.We rushed there in a tearing hurry. 发音方法描述： 发音时由向自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由收圆变为半 开。例词：Poor tour sure rural cruel例句：The poor guy was not sure what to do. The tourists are unhappy with their tour.双元音与单元音对比ei-ewait-wet say-said fade-fe

12、d late-let pain-penu -:coal-call boat-bought woke-walk fold-ford low-law note-naughtai- a:life-laugh pike-park mike-markbike-bark like-lark kite-cart au- pound-pun town-tunnel round-run bout-but bow-bun down-dun i- :toy-tall boy-bore loyal-law oil-all coil-call joy-jawau- :loud-lord found-ford shout

13、-short cow-call house-horse now-naught双元音对比u- aucrow-crowd load-loud hole-how know-now code-cow flow-flower ai-auby-bow find-found mice-mouse shy-shout fly-flower climb-cloudi -here-hair beer-bear fear-fair cheer-chair peer-pair dear-dare 辅音 第一节 爆破音 发音方法描述：双唇闭紧，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。是清辅音，声带不振动。是浊 辅音，声带振动。例词

14、：Pit pay proper open happyblue baby bike bride例句：Chongqing is famous for its hot pot.Betty walked in a busy street. 发音方法描述： 舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻 碍，然后突然分开，气流 冲出口腔。t是清辅音， 声带不振动，d是浊辅 音，声带振动。例词：too take touch right tightdo dirt card tired sudden 例句：Don t tell my teacher,Tom.David told me that Doctor Li would be

15、his tutor this year. 发音方法描述： 舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。k是清辅音，声带不振动，g是浊辅音，声带振动。例词：Kick book like dock occasiongate get egg ghost guide 例句：The book teaches us how to cook.All that glitters is not gold,第二节 爆破音对比p-bpig-big park-bark rope-robe pull-bull cap-cab play-blame t-dtell-dell tear-dear right-r

16、ide heart-hard town-down seat-seed k-gclass-glass back-bag pick-pig dock-dog coat-goat could-good摩擦音 发音方法描述： 下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过，摩擦成音。f是清辅音，声带不振动，v是浊辅音，声带振动。例词： Fly far wife off laughvery village live over save 例句：There are fifteen girls in my class. Im living in a flat by the river. 发音方法描述：舌尖轻触上齿背部，

17、气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。是清辅音，声带不 振动。是浊辅音，声带振动。例词：Thank think thief mouth teethThis those then that smooth 例句：You should think of it.This book is better than that. 发音方法描述： 舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音。s是清辅音，声带不振动，z是浊辅音，声带振动。例词：So sir pencil piece dresszoo zone zero use eraser例句:Did you see the snake in the grass?Pl

18、ease close the window. 发音方法描述： 舌身抬起靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齿龈，形成狭长通道，气流由此通过，双唇稍微收圆并略突出。是清辅音，声带不振动 是浊辅音，声带振动。 例词：She sheep wish sure specialPleasure garage decision vision division例句：She is a shy girl.What do you usually do in your leisure time？ 发音方法描述：发音时口张开，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦，气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。h是清辅音，声带不振动。 例词：He her how who

19、 ahead 例句：How are you?He doesnt have any hope. 发音方法描述： 舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不发生摩擦，舌两侧稍收拢，口形略突出，气流通过时发出轻微摩擦，r是浊辅音，声带振动。 例词：Right run cry bread primary 例句：Those red roses are very pretty. I ll attend a press conference.第四节 摩擦音对比f-vferry-very fan-van safe-save few-view leaf-leave fail-veil -ðthick-this w

20、orth-worthy bath-bathe thief-these south-southern thank-than -sthing-sing thin-sin thought-sought thank-sank both-boss faith-face s-zrice-rise sink-zinc race-raise sip-zip place-please face-faze -sshe-see shed-said show-sew shame-same sheep-seek shy-sign r-l(摩擦音与舌边音对比read-lead rice-lice arrive-alive

21、 right-light red-led rate-late ð-d(摩擦音与爆破音对比there-dare than-dam thus-dose they-day then-den that-dad第五节 破擦音 发音方法描述： 舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出，略成方形。是清辅音，声带不振动，是 浊辅音，声带振动。例词：Child check teach catchJob page just judge例句：Children always like chicken and French fries.Just have fun. 发音方法描述：

22、 舌身与tr相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之问的阻碍，双唇收圆，稍向前突出。tr是清辅音，声带不振动，dr是浊辅音，声带振动。例词：Try tree true trackDry dream drive例句：You should have another try.Let it drip dry. 发音方法描述： 舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍，口形扁平。ts是清辅音，声带不振动，dz是浊辅音，声带振动。例词：pets coats gets tests pointsroads seeds reads lands例句：She wants to buy some da

23、tes.Will your friends join us?第六节 破擦音对比t - dcheap-jeep chin-gin church-judgechoice-joy choke-joke search-surgetr -ttrain-chain trunk-chunk trip-chiptreat-cheat trees-cheese truth-choosedr- ddrug-jug dressed-jestdrudge-judgedrain-jane draw-jaw drew-junet - tssearch-suits teach-treats catch-catswatch-

24、what s each-eats inch-itsts -dzseats-seeds bats-beds carts-cardspets-pads coats-codes bits-bids第七节 鼻音 发音方法描述： 双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。例词：Me my come tomorrow farm例句：Poets like to write poems about the moon.He is a handsome boy. 发音方法描述： 舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。例词：Need name

25、know skin strange例句：This is a nice tune.I spent nine nights in writing the paper. 发方法描述： 软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力，略微延长。例词：Bank song singing longer English例句：She s good at singing English songs.I need a long string.第八节 舌边音 发音方法描述： 元音前读清晰 ，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出；辅音前或词末发含糊 ，舌端也抵上齿龈，但是与清晰音相比，

26、舌前部低，舌后部高，发音略长。例词：Late like long low closeAll sell pull little kettle例句：Lily likes wearing long hair.Sue is a bright little girl.第九节 鼻音、舌边音对比n-lnet-let know-low need-leadnine-line night-light snow-slown- sin-sing than-thank son-songthin-thing tin-ting win-wingn-mnow-mow noon-moon son-someton-Tom thi

27、n-theme tine-time第十节 半元音 发音方法描述： 舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，口形收圆并稍向前突出，发音短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。例词：We week want where whether例句：The weather is getting warm.Would you like to tell me the way to the railway station？ 发音方法描述：舌前部尽量向硬腭抬 起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。例词：Yes you young yak year例句：略第十一

28、节 半元音与其它音对比w-vwise-vise went-vent wire-viaworse-verse wane-vain wine-vinew- :/water-alter waltz-ought wolf-offwall-all water-order want-onj- dyet-jet yam-jam yoke-jokeyoung-jump yes-jets yard-jarj-i/i:year-ear yeast-east yearn-inyet-it Yale-ill yes-is读音规则元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则a e i o u重读开音节：

29、 ei i: ai u ju: u: 重读闭音节： æ e i u 注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。 重读开音节：一个辅音加e 结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音 如: cake theme bike close consume重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音如: have bed sit love bus常见字母组合在单词中的读音：是由两个字母搭配而成的一种固定组合1. 两个辅音字母在一起，通常只发其中一个辅音字母的音。两个相同或不同的辅音字母在一起时，只发其中一个辅音字母的音。 如：wright

30、 know sign bomb 如：letter copper class ladder 另外：两个辅音字母在一起时，两个辅音字母也可都发音。 如：itself soft accept almost2. 两个元音字母在一起，通常只发其中一个元音字母的基本音。 两个元音字母在一起时，发第一或第二个元音字母的基本音。 如：boat people soul sea 如：great believe height3. 字母c 在e, i, y前边读 s ，其他读作 k 。如：cell centrecity cinemacycle cynic其他：cat cake call4. 字母g 在e ,i ,y前

31、边读 d ，其他读作 g 。如：age agentgiant gingym technology其他：good get5. s后的清辅音 k p t 要浊化为 g b d 音。 如：sky skillstop studentspace sport6. 字母组合ai一般发 ei e i 音。 如： ei straight e said i Britain mountain 7. 字母组合er发长音 : 和短音 两种情况： 在重读音节中er一般发长音 : 在弱读音节中一般发短音 如： : person prefer thermos father teacher letter 8. 字母组合ea发

32、i i : e 音。 如: i i: e real really tea beat idea heat spread bread head 9. 字母组合or发 : 和 : 两种音。 如： : : horse worse forget nor corn worst work world tutor 10. 字母组合ou常发 如: au au loud count house double trouble country enough 在ght前发 : fought 少数情况发 u could 特例： au south 和 11. thought bought would should sout

33、hern 字母组合tion有两种发音tn , n 如: tn question n situation nation invitation 12. 有些单词中某些字母不发音 Christmas know listen 如：hour climb build grandpa 失音规则：某一个或者几个音脱落，把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。 单词间的失音有四种类型： 1. 前一词以“持续音t d结尾，后一词以辅音开头，则其中t d失音有： st+辅音 ft+辅音 xt+辅音 ld+辅音 zd+辅音 td+辅音 wt+辅音 md+辅音 nd+辅音 nt+辅音 lt+辅音 vd+辅音 如： last cl

34、ass next day bend back settled there refused both 2. 前一词以破音/擦音+ t d结束，后一词以辅音开头，则其中t d失音。 pt+辅音 tft+辅音 kt+辅音（如完结于skt则脱k而不是t） bd+辅音 gd+辅音 如：kept quiet dvd+辅音 vd+辅音 swept valley rubbed gently 注：后一词如始于h则td很少脱落如：kept her waiting 3. 动词否定结尾的缩写形式 n't 中的t失音,无论后一词以元音还是辅音开头。 如：You mustn't lose it. Does

35、n't she know? He wouldn't overeat. 4. 前一词以t 结束，后一词以t 或d开头，则前面的t往往失音。 如：I've got to go. What do you want? 不完全爆破 实质上也存在不发音现象: 如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音( p b t d k g 则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。如: cut down stick to break down let go 派生词重音与词根一致 如： like dislike act active possible impossi