高三英语语法专题复习讲义代词

1、2008届高三英语语法专题复习讲义-代词【要点点拨】1、在定语从句中,当先行词是代词he / she / those / anyone等时,从句的引导词指人时用who, 指物时用that。e.g. Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Anything that benefits the people will be accepted.2、all ( both, every, each not = no

2、t all ( both, every, each 构成部分否定,他们的全部否定分别是:none, neither, no one ( nothinge.g. Not all the students could understand his explanation.Each child can not go to school in the mountain village.3、含有else的所有格有以下几种表示法:somebody elses, anybody elses, nobody elses ; who elses = whose else4、定代词作主语,代词可用:it(指物、h

3、e(指人、they(指人、物e.g. Everyone knows how to do it, doesnt he/ dont they?4、 all 作主语时的数:代替可数名词,是复数;代替不可数名词,是单数;作“所的一切”解释时,不可数,动词用单数。5、身代词:by oneself: 亲自、独自、自动地;of oneself: 自动地;be oneself: 身体好help oneself (to: 自助、自己拿;in itself: 本质上、就其本身而言。e.g. The man is too old to live by himself. / The door closed of it

4、self.Im not quite myself today./ The question in itself is not very difficult.6. 用人称代词简略回答时,要用人称代词的宾格。e.g. - Who is knocking at the door? - Me, Tom.Me to play Pingpong with him?7. The rest、The remainder作主语时,谓语动词取决于它们所替代的名词。e.g. I have read half of the book. The rest is to be finished in a week.Sever

5、al people were saved, but the remainder were still inside the burning house.区别以下几组词:1、none, nothing, no one(nobodynone:(指三个以上之中没有任何(人、物,常用来否定回答以How many/ How much?引起的疑问句。可以后接介词短语of;作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可以用复数。e.g. - How many sheep did you see on the hill? - None.- Please give me some ink. - Sorry, there is

6、 none(no ink left.None of the students could answer the question, which made the teacher disappointednothing:(视为单数没什么,无事e.g. After the fire, nothing was left on the hills.Nothing did he say and he went home silently.no one= nobody:没有一个人,只能指人,是单数,常用来否定回答Who?的疑问句,后面不可接of介词短语。e.g. - Who broke the windo

7、w? - No one. It broke of itself.2、it / they,one / ones,the one / the ones ,that / thoseit / they:用来指前面所提及的名词本身,起替代作用,避免重复;e.g. He bought a pen. It cost him 50 yuan. / He has two brothers. They are both workers.one / ones:用来指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个,是泛指; 还可以泛指人。e.g. - Do you have a camera? - No, but my fath

8、er has one.A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood.One can not be too careful when crossing the road.the one / the ones:用来特指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个。e.g. - Im looking for a pen.- How do you like the one in the box?- Who are the boys? - You mean the ones playing basketball?that / those

9、:“that” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词单数= the one或不可数名词,以避免重复;“those” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词复数= the ones,以避免重复。e.g. The price of a pen is often higher than that of a pencil.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.The students in Class Two are more hard-working than those(the ones in Class One.3、some / any, e

10、verybody / anybody习惯上,some和everybody用于肯定句,any和anybody用于疑问、否定句。但当some用于疑问句时,表示对所涉及的名词持肯定态度,everybody用于疑问句时,译为“大家、每个人”。e.g. Is everybody pleased with the show?试比较:Do you have any water? (对water持怀疑态度- Do you like some more water? - No, thanks. (对water持肯定态度any和anybody也可以用于肯定句。当它们用于肯定句时,有很强的强调口气。e.g. - W

11、hen shall we meet again? - Any time you like.Anybody here knows how to treat a stranger.4、 who / whoever , what / whatever , which / whichever, whom / whomeverwho / what / which/ whom是疑问词,引起的句子具有疑问色彩;whoever / whatever / whichever /whomever 是代词,并不引起疑问句,而用来引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。e.g. Who will teach us Englis

12、h is still unknown.Whoever did it will be punished. / Whoever did it, he will be punished.What would you do if you had that sum of money? / Whatever you do, do it well.5、other / others; the other / the others ; anotherother:作代词时,一般不单独使用,而必须与any, some, no 等连用。e.g. He is no other but Tom. / These are

13、all we have, we have no other(s.others:常与some连用,表示:一些其它的。e.g. Some people like fishing, some like boating, others skating.the other: 与one连用,构成词组:onethe other:指两者中“一个另一个”the others: 指在一定范围中的“其余的”。e.g. In our class some students are good at maths, some are good at Chinese, the others are good at physi

14、cs.another: 是形容词,“另一个、在一个”,一般作定语,既可以修饰单数名词,又可以修饰复数名词,还可以修饰数词。e.g. We stayed in New York for another three weeks. / Please have another apple.当another修饰单数名词时,在上下文意思明确的情况下,可以把名词省略,这时another 起代词作用。e.g. After eating an apple, I had another (one.6、all ; both ; each ; every ; eitherall:指三者或三者以上的所有,可以作形容词修

15、饰名词复数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。both:指“两者都”,可以作形容词修饰名词复数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。each:“每一个”,一般指两者中的每一个,也可指许多中的每一个;可以作形容词修饰名词单数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。e.g. There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.Each of us has a chance to go to university.We each have a dictionary.every:指三者或三者以上中

16、的每一个,是形容词,只能作定语,后面不能接of介词短语。either:指“两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”,可以作形容词修饰名词单数,作代词作主语、宾语;后可接of介词短语。e.g. If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.I dont like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?【各个击破】1. - Do you want tea or coffee?- _ . I really dont mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neith

17、er2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which3. - Youre always working. Come on,lets go shopping.- _ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. AnythingB. SomethingC. AllD. That4. The boss decided to dismiss two workers: _ .A. you and TomB. I and you

18、C. Mary and ID. she and you5. I dont care fo r _ of the hats. Would you show me a third one?A. allB. noneC. eitherD. both6. I now do not accept _ that is offered to me, I only choose those useful.A. anythingB. anyC. whateverD. everything7. A school is an exciting place, _ in which new talents are being discovered every day.A. andB. thatC. thereD. one8. - How much vinegar did you put in the salad?- Im sorry to say, _. I forgot.A. noB. nothingC. no oneD. none9. - Is this umbrella yours?- No, mine is here. It must be _.A. someonesB. someones elseC. someone els