复合句定语从句

1、复合句定语从句【复习目标】掌握定语从句的意义及作用。区别各类引导词。【课前准备】要求学生用定语从句造五个句子。【知识要点】在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me.2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting

2、for has gone home.3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意：(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在w

3、hom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：The book that

4、I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：All that we have to do is to practise English.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如The first letter that I got from him will be kept.(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, som

5、e等修饰，如I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如He is the only person that I want to talk with.(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:They talked about persons and things that they met.(6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, wh

6、y引导的定语从句，如:I don't know the reason why he was late.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Whe

7、re he has lived for 15 year.)7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如：I have two brothers, who are both students.【典型例题解析】例1 The second boo

8、k _I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.A. which B. what C. that D. as解析 先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例2 I'll never forget the days _I stayed with you.A. when B. in which C. that D. for which 解析 本题指时间，故选A。例3 The book_ is sold out at the moment.A. you need B. what you need C. which y

9、ou need it D. that you need it解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触，故选A。例4 Is this the place _Lincoln once lived.A. that B. which C. where D. when解析 本题指地点，故选C。例5 I'm one of the boys CD#3 never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is解析 本题中who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例6 Her

10、sister,_ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whom B. that C. which D. who is解析 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。例7 These book are for students _ mother language is not English.A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。【课内追踪练习】单项选择(D) 1.Is this museum

11、 _they visited last month?A. that B. where C. which D. the one(C) 2.Is this the museum CD#3 they visited last month?A. what B. where C. which D. the one(B) 3.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_ he could read books at night.A. in which B. through which C. at which D. on which(D) 4._ cleans the c

12、lassroom can go home first.A. Anyone B. Those who C. However D. The one who(B) 5.The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which(B) 6.The young man _ is an engineer of my factory.A. that you just talked B. whom you just talked toC. which you just talked D. wh

13、o you just talked(C) 7.The dictionary _ I paid one dollar was very interesting.A. that B. which C. for which D. to which【复习小结】牢记定语从句中各种连词的联系和区别及其运用。【课外巩固练习】一、单项选择(B) 8.The old man _ yesterday is a scientist.A. I spoke B. I spoke to C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke to him (D) 9.She had two sons,_ beca

14、me teachers.A. all of them B. all of whomC. both of them D. both of whom(D) 10.The room _ we do the reading is a reading-room.A. on which B. in that C. that D. where(A) 11.The village,_ we spent our holiday last week, is in the south of the province.A. where B. that C. which D. what(B) 12.I won'

15、t tell you the reason _ I'm so excited.A. because B. why C. when D. which(A) 13.Is this the shop _sells children's clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what(C) 14.The only language _ is easy for me to learn is Chinese.A. which B. whose C. that D. it(A) 15.September 1 st,1997 is the day

16、 _ we'll never forget.A. that B. when C. on which D. on that二、改错“People which talk and sing to plants are crazy.”A agriculture expert said in the newspaper.“In fact, singing or talking to plants make them grow better.”The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we breath out carb

17、on dioxide (二氧化碳) what plants need to live or grow. Plants take in the carbon dioxide during sunlight hour and produce oxygen which people need to live. Singing and talking are helpful, however, only during the night.16.which talk改成who talk 17.plants are改成plants are not18.A agriculture改成An agriculture