实验的基本数据1生物量,子粒产量、子粒Cd Pb含量

1、 实验的基本数据1：生物量，子粒产量、子粒Cd Pb含量Soil typeTreatmentCultivarsTotal-biomassg·pot-1Grain yieldg·pot-1Grain Cd mg·kg-1Grain Pb mg·kg-1Red soilSpiked Cd2mg·kg-1Suxiangjing No.171.26±5.12f*22.25±1.52f0.623±0.051a0.447±0.006a99-2274.25±4.60e26.73±0.58e0.407

2、±0.031c0.347±0.027bSpiked Cd1 mg·kg-1Suxiangjing No.168.23±1.04g22.85±0.60f0.223±0.021d0.433±0.019a99-2280.16±0.87d28.83±1.25d0.151±0.012ef0.342±0.028bCKSuxiangjing No.168.04±0.62g24.57±0.18e0.088±0.008g0.301±0.030c99-2281.06

3、±4.24d27.82±1.19de0.056±0.011h0.254±0.018dPaddy soilSpiked Cd2 mg·kg-1Suxiangjing No.191.34±1.08c30.59±0.18c0.528±0.041b0.319±0.014bc99-2295.28±0.65bc35.36±2.25a0.250±0.030d0.286±0.024cSpiked Cd1 mg·kg-1Suxiangjing No.192.38±

4、2.18c31.23±1.87c0.193±0.013e0.259±0.024d99-2290.63±5.63c31.38±1.06c0.129±0.013f0.283±0.020cCKSuxiangjing No.198.36±1.13a33.61±0.13b0.063±0.005gh0.237±0.016de99-2282.97±0.82d30.85±1.68c0.034±0.004i0.219±0.014e基本数据2：Dynamics of

5、 amount of total-Cd in rice plants (notes: ¿ Red soil, 99-22; ¾ Red soil, Suxiangjing NO.1; w Paddy soil, 99-22; à Paddy soil, Suxiangjing No.1, the same below) （植株生物量与植株总浓度）Table 1 Some physico-chemical properties of the studied soilsSoilpH(H2O)Org. Cg·kg-1FeOXg·kg-1CECcmol

6、·kg-1Clayg·kg-1Total-Cdmg·kg-1MgCl2-Cdmg·kg-1Total-Pb mg·kg-1MgCl2-Pbmg·kg-1R4.954.15?14.10139.100.360.1015.894.56P6.5424.3?18.81225.000.430.0511.754.23Uptake of Cd and Pb by two Rice Cultivars Under Different Cd Levels in two Soils Differing in Surface Charge Propertie

7、sHeavy metal pollution in agricultural farmland has become a serious problem in many parts of the world, and it produces serious threatens to human health. Our study showed that great differences existed among the rice cultivars in the uptake of Cd and Pb . The bioavailability of Cd and Pb in differ

8、ent soil was also different. There was the same trend of dynamics for Cd and Pb uptake in rice cultivars. The difference of uptake heavy metal existed from the seedling stage .So it is possible to select the cultivars which accumulated lower Cd and Pb at the seedling stage. The uptake and accumulati

9、on of Cd in rice were correlated with Pb; spiking Cd could enhance the uptake of Pb, implying that some interactions existed in absorption and translocation between Cd and Pb, which is worthy of further investigation. 一、深入理解布置实验的意图1， 当前科学和社会正在关注或急需解决的问题：当前关注的重金属食物安全性及其控制：2， 研究的热点与及其进展：重金属生物有效性，基因型差异

10、，土壤化学影响，土壤污染效应3， 实验的目的：土壤-水稻的工作？二、本实验的科学性分析1， 针对欲讨论的问题：重金属，土壤水稻积累行为2， 资料的完整性：设计框架Cd spiking levelSoil Rice cultivars Heavy metals 322 Cu Zn Cd Pb分析内容：重金属量的变化的完整性BiomassTotal concentrationTotal plantOrganGrowing periodsYYY3，设计的科学性与可靠性ReplicationDeterminationCulture3，random Standard controlCont. subme

11、rging预处理：空白，对照，干重换算三、实验结果的初步分析1， 统计检验：2品种在不同的土壤中子粒Cd Pb分别存在差异；生物量不仅存在差异品种，也存在于不同的土壤中；问题：总吸收量、分配是否存在差异？不同的土壤中的差异的程度如何？对于总吸收量来说，土壤间差异与品种间差异的相对大小？2， 简化现象：做了许多元素，Cu,Zn,Cd Pb, 前两者不突出，Pb的变异在不同的土壤和不同的品种以及不同的Cd 处理下变化多样，但差异幅度不如Cd, 故主要精力放在Cd上。既然这种现象因土壤、品种和Cd处理而异，将数据简化：（1）按不同的土壤、品种和Cd 处理分别整理（2）按品种（基因型差异控制）、不同土

12、壤（土壤化学控制）在不施Cd和施Cd下的变异讨论成熟时试验处理数据的整理结果Soil typeCultivarsTotal-biomassg·pot-1Grain yieldg·pot-1Grain Cd mg·kg-1Grain Pb mg·kg-1No Cd spikingRed soilA68.04±0.62g24.57±0.18e0.088±0.008g0.301±0.030cB81.06±4.24d27.82±1.19de0.056±0.011h0.254±0.01

13、8dPaddy soilA98.36±1.13a33.61±0.13b0.063±0.005gh0.237±0.016deB82.97±0.82d30.85±1.68c0.034±0.004i0.219±0.014eCd spiking 2mg/kgRed soilA71.26±5.12f*22.25±1.52f0.623±0.051a0.447±0.006aB74.25±4.60e26.73±0.58e0.407±0.031c0.347

14、7;0.027bPaddy soilA91.34±1.08c30.59±0.18c0.528±0.041b0.319±0.014bcB95.28±0.65bc35.36±2.25a0.250±0.030d0.286±0.024c3， 突出主要矛盾：水稻Cd吸收与品种、土壤和Cd处理，因Cd的环境重要性和健康危害，讨论Cd在土壤-水稻系统中的生物有效性，捎带Pb的变异四、实验结果的再认识：可以说明什么样的问题：1， 返回参考文献：在Cd的土壤-作物系统中生物有效性问题上文献上的资料做到何种程度？理论问题阐述的深度如何

15、？已经知道的：土壤化学影响：大量工作，有许多著名的模型可以说明土壤的化学移动性对植物Cd 吸收的影响（Allen的书，Sauve等、Janssen等的Cd 和Pb土壤化学移动性模型；）；另外，许多工作表明土壤Cd污染普遍，但不同作物、不同土壤中Cd 吸收程度与器官分布不同，过去的工作分别说明了土壤化学(盆栽实验、大田调查采样？杂交稻与常规稻比较)2， 检验本结果的新颖性：土壤效应、作物品种效应及其在不同Cd处理下的表现？能否说明土壤-水稻系统中重金属生物有效性的基因型影响与土壤化学影响及其交互作用，以及这种复合影响的食物安全效应？3，本结果的学术与应用范畴：水稻重金属吸收与健康风险评估，安全水

16、稻生产（育种）、品种与土壤搭配五、构筑论文框架 基本观点：实验事实上的抽象：水稻重金属水平受到土壤化学行为、品种行为和土壤污染特点的控制，土壤-水稻重金属生物有效性包括土壤化学效应和品种的基因型效应 基本依据：实验事实的分项表达与阐述在污染和未污染条件下土壤化学、作物品种如何影响重金属水稻吸收，这种吸收变异如何影响子粒水平及食物安全性 基本结论：实验事实的认识与创新之处土壤化学和作物基因都是控制重金属生物有效性的主要因素，它们存在交互作用，在特定条件下会严重影响水稻的食物安全性六、重新整理实验数据与资料¨ 根据不同论点与论据的资料排列与比较按不同污染条件下的水稻重金属总吸收量、水稻子

17、粒重金属水平的变异与安全性进行资料整理Table 2 Biomass, total concentration and uptake of Cd and Pb by 2 cultivars respectively in the two soils of rice under no spiking Culti-VarsBiomass(g/pot)Total Cd(mg/kg)Total Pb(mg/kg)Total uptake (µg/pot)CdPbRed soilA68.04±0.62a0.19±0.02a4.22±0.12a13.88±

18、0.02a308.2±0.12aB81.06±4.24b0.11±0.01b3.31±0.14b8.92±0.04b268.3±0.59bPaddy soilA98.36±1.13a0.10±0.01a3.43±0.07a9.84±0.01a337.4±0.09aB82.97±0.82b0.06±0.01b2.97±0.14b4.98±0.04b246.4±0.53b*Both the genotypic effect and pedo

19、chemic effect was defined as the percentage of the relative difference to the mean of the group. Table 4 Biomass, concentration and total uptake of Cd and Pb by 2 cultivars of rice in two soils respectively under spiked Cd CultiVarsBiomass(g DM/pot)Total conc. (mg/kg )Total uptake (µg/pot)CdPbC

20、dPbRed soilA71.26±5.12a1.29±0.06a5.44±0.25a91.93±0.32387.7±0.31B74.20±4.60b0.80±0.04b4.03±0.30b59.40±0.19299.2±0.46Paddy soilA98.36±1.13a0.75±0.05a3.94±0.16a68.13±0.06357.9±0.20B82.97±0.82b0.48±0.02b3.32±0.15b4

21、5.73±0.08316.3±0.612,二次数据的开发：抽象认识的源泉计算不同的效应及其贡献：总吸收量，总吸收量差异的两种效应计算Table 3 The bio-availability of Cd and Pb (µg/pot) in two soils under no Cd spiking with two cultivars respectivelyRed soilPaddy soilPedochemicCdCultivars A13.889.8434.06Cultivars B8.924.9856.69Genotypic43.5165.5994.38P

22、bCultivars A308.2337.4-9.05Cultivars B268.3246.48.51Genotypic13.8431.1822.29Table 4 Bioavailability of Cd and Pb under spiked Cd (total uptake by plant ) in two soils under two cultivars respectivelyRed soilPaddy soilPedochemicCdCultivars A91.9368.1329.74Cultivars B59.445.7326.01Genotypic42.9939.356

23、7.12PbCultivars A387.7357.97.99Cultivars B299.2316.3-5.56Genotypic25.7712.3420.283,数据的扬弃：去伪存真，去粗存精，去次存重，去繁存简1, Cd处理1mg/kg 下的资料；2，不同生育期的资料； 3，生物量的资料基本不分析：总量计算3，不同器官的资料仅考虑了子粒七、与文献的研讨:虚拟讨论会¨ 分项论据分析的归纳与联系：各项研究结果的相互联系，例如总吸收与子粒积累，后者与食物安全的关系；例如交互作用下的水稻子粒Cd水平与健康风险¨ 不求同，但存异：提升科学价值，发现与树立创新论点（奥秘？）本项结

24、果与文献报道的关联程度与不同，不同之处的价值。两种效应在污染与未污染下的变化与差异；基因型控制与土壤化学控制分别对于不同土壤和不同品种的响应。 ¨ 综合本结果与文献结果，提炼结论：土壤-品种-水稻安全关系与生产中的问题，基因改良品种的创新与栽培:Red soilPaddy soilRed soilPaddy soilabWHO RfdUSEPA RfDNo spiking Cd spikingInteraction of both effects enhanced grain partitioning and high Cd grain Cd exceeding the potent

25、ial health risk limit of food.结论如下：1，Thus, the linkage between the pedochemic effect and the genotypic effect may elucidate the bioavailability of toxic heavy metals in soil-crop system. 2，Validation of pedochemical portioning model for heavy metal transfer to food human chain and potential health r

26、isk should be pursued by coupling with plant metal affinity and grain partitioning characteristics and taking into account the soil pollution factor.3，In practice, the genotypic effect on heavy metal bioavailability should be concerned in breeding of rice cultivars with emphases on low affinity for toxic metals and cautions should be taken when newly innovated hybrid or super rice cultivars are cultivated in soils with high chemical availability and/or with heavy metal pollution.八、点击科学奥秘：¨ 论文题目：开门见山，亮相科学