反应工程-第一章ppt课件

1、第一章第一章 绪论绪论天津大学化工学院反响工程教研组 化学工程与化学工程师化学工程与化学工程师 反响工程学的历史及开展反响工程学的历史及开展 反响工程的用途反响工程的用途 相关概念相关概念 反响器的类型与操作方式反响器的类型与操作方式 反响器设计的根本方程反响器设计的根本方程 及工业反响器的设计方法及工业反响器的设计方法本章内容1化学工程与化学工程师n化学工程与化学n化学工程师与化学家n化学工程师的详细义务与目的n 处理实践问题n 追求效率最大化n 追求资源利用最大化n 经济评价目的Engineering & EngineersnSolve practical problemsnSci

2、entists solve the problems they can, but Engineers try to solve the problems they have to;nProblem-orientednSolve practical problems efficientlynEngineers do for a penny what any fool can do for a pound.nSolve practical problems efficiently with limited resourcesnWillingness to make estimates and as

3、sumptionsnMust be constantly aware of the difference between the idealized conditions under which the basic knowledge was obtained and the real conditions of their design and its environmentnFearless, embraces new challengesEngineering & EngineernQuantitative reasoningnReadiness to face open-end

4、 questionnA habit of visualizing the solutionnInventHamlet was created;The telephone was invented;Structure of DNA was discoveredWhether you believe you can, or whether you believe you cant, you are absolutely right!Henry FordChemical EngineeringnI shall use the phrase of Chemical Engineering Scienc

5、e to mean the aspects of science developed by chemical engineers for their own purpose in field not covered by other branch of technology.nP. V DanckwertsEducation: Winchester College; Balliol College, Oxford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. BA (chemistry) Oxon, 1938; SM (Chemical

6、Engineering Practice), MIT, 1948; MA Cantab 1948.Held a post in the small chemical company of Fullers Earth Union Ltd, Redhill, 1939-1940.Trends in ChemE and Chem. IndustrynDiversified application areasnRelying on broader and deeper science knowledgeChemical EngineeringUnit OperationsTransport proce

7、ssesReaction EngineeringFundamental SciencesPhysicsChemistryBiologyMathematicsApplicationsEnergyInorganic IndustryPetrochemicalsBiochemicalsPharmaceuticalsMaterialsElectronicsTrends in ChemE and Chem. IndustrynGlobalization:nCompetitionnJob SecuritynThe ability to find another jobnSpeed is the keynS

8、ustainability: energy and n environmentalRequirement for ChemE EducationnVersatilitynBe PracticalnUse fundamental theories and knowledge to solve practical problemsnMulti-scale analysis and SynthesisnAnalysis of complex systemnComprehensive usage of a broad range of knowledge Chemical Reactor: Defin

9、itionGeneral: An equipment or device that serves to conduct chemical reactions, i.e. convert molecules from one form to anotherNarrowed: Chemical conversion is performed for the purpose of producing or eliminating pre-determined molecular compound(s) Purpose: making or eliminating Control: safe, sel

10、ectivity, performance optimization1.2 Chemical Reactor: ScaleMulti-scale AnalysisScale, mReferenceChem. Eng.107Earth diameterGlobal Scale103 105Golden Gate Bridge System Scale10 102HouseEquipment Scale10-3 10-1FrogParticle Scale10-6 10-4BacteriaColloid Scale10-10 10-7Carbon AtomMolecular ScaleJames

11、Wei, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(2019), 1641-1651 Reactor DesignnDesign tasknType nSizenOperation conditionsnScale-upnProcedurenInitial estimationnSelectionnDesign calculation20世纪世纪30年代年代 -丹克莱尔丹克莱尔(Damhhler) -梯尔梯尔(Thiele)和史尔多维奇和史尔多维奇()20世纪世纪40年代末年代末 -霍根霍根(Hougen)和华生和华生(Waston) 法兰克法兰克-卡明斯基卡明斯基(-)1 反响工程学的历史及开

12、展反响工程学的历史及开展化学反响与传送景象的相互关系化学反响与传送景象的相互关系 1957年年 - 初次运用初次运用“化学反响工程术语化学反响工程术语 Amsterdam，ESCRE 60年代年代 - 快速开展期快速开展期 石油化工的大开展石油化工的大开展 计算机的开展与运用计算机的开展与运用 80年代年代 - 构成新的分支：构成新的分支： 生化反响工程生化反响工程 聚合反响工程聚合反响工程 电化学反响工程电化学反响工程1 反响工程学的历史及开展反响工程学的历史及开展International Symposia on Chemical Reaction Engineering (ISCRE)

13、NamePlaceCountryYearCo-Sponsoring OrganizationsESCRE 1AmsterdamNetherlands1957EFChEESCRE 2AmsterdamNetherlands1960EFChEESCRE 3AmsterdamNetherlands1964EFChEESCRE 4BrusselsBelgium1968EFChEISCRE 1WashingtonUSA1970ACS/AIChEISCRE 2AmsterdamNetherlands1972EFChEISCRE 3EvanstonUSA1974ACS/AIChEISCRE 4Heidelb

14、ergGermany1976EFChEISCRE 5HoustonUSA1978ACS/AIChEISCRE 6NiceFrance1980EFChEISCRE 7BostonUSA1982ACS/AIChEISCRE 8EdinburghGreat Britain1984EFChEISCRE 9PhiladelphiaUSA1986ACS/AIChEISCRE 10BaselSwitzerland1988EFChEISCRE 11TorontoCanada1990ACS/AIChE/CSCEISCRE 12TorinoItaly1992EFChEISCRE 13BaltimoreUSA199

15、4ACS/AIChEISCRE 14BruggeBelgium2019EFChEISCRE 15NewportUSA2019ACS/AIChEISCRE 16CracowPoland2000EFChEISCRE 17 Hong Kong China 2019 Asia Pacific CRE 2 反响工程的用途、作用、研讨内容反响工程的用途、作用、研讨内容 反响动力学反响动力学 反响方式反响方式 速率方程速率方程 活化能活化能 反响器的设计与分析反响器的设计与分析 各要素各要素T, P, cT, P, c的变的变化规律化规律 最正确工况最正确工况3 化学反响的转化率和收率化学反响的转化率和收率

16、3.1 反响进度 RBARBARRRBBBAAARBARRBBAAnnnnnnnnnnnn000000:)( : )( : )(即：iiinn0普遍化：Mjjijiinn10对多个反应：3.2 转化率 X该反应物的起始量某一反应物的转化量X0iinX留意： 按关键组分计 反响物的起始态3 化学反响的转化率和收率化学反响的转化率和收率3.3 收率 Y与选择性S关键组分的起始量反应产物的生成量RARY关键组分的起始量关键组分量生成某一产物所消耗的或：Y 已转化的关键组分量关键组分量生成目的产物所消耗的SXSY3 化学反响的转化率和收率化学反响的转化率和收率进入进入SO2氧化器的气体组成摩尔分数为：

17、氧化器的气体组成摩尔分数为： SO2: 3.07%; SO3: 4.6%; O2: 8.44%; N2: 83.89%分开反响器的气体中分开反响器的气体中SO2的含量为的含量为1.5%，试，试计算计算SO2的转化率。的转化率。例例13 化学反响的转化率和收率化学反响的转化率和收率丁二烯是制造合成橡胶的重要原料。制取丁二丁二烯是制造合成橡胶的重要原料。制取丁二烯的工业方法之一是将正丁烯和空气及水蒸气烯的工业方法之一是将正丁烯和空气及水蒸气的混合气体在磷钼铋催化剂上进展氧化脱氢。的混合气体在磷钼铋催化剂上进展氧化脱氢。除生成丁二烯的主反响外，还有许多副反响，除生成丁二烯的主反响外，还有许多副反响，

18、如生成酮、醛及有机酸的反响。反响在温度如生成酮、醛及有机酸的反响。反响在温度350、压力、压力0.2026MPa下进展。得到反响前下进展。得到反响前后的物料组成如下。根据表中的数据计算正丁后的物料组成如下。根据表中的数据计算正丁烯的转化率、丁二烯的收率和反响的选择性。烯的转化率、丁二烯的收率和反响的选择性。例例2组分组分反应前反应前%反应后反应后%组分组分反应前反应前%反应后反应后%正丁烷正丁烷0.630.61氧气氧气7.170.64正丁烯正丁烯7.051.70氮气氮气27.026.10丁二烯丁二烯0.064.45水蒸气水蒸气57.4462.07异丁烷异丁烷0.500.48-1.20异丁烯异丁烯0.130CO2-1.80正戊烷正戊烷0.020.02有机酸有机酸-0.20醛、酮醛、酮-0.10反响前后物料组成反响前后物料组成4 反响器的类型反响器的类型4 反响器的类型反响器的类型管式反响器釜式反响器4 反响器的类型反响器的类型塔式反响器塔式反响器板式塔填料塔4 反响器的类型反响器的类型固定床反响器流化床反响器床式反响器床式反响器4 反响器的类型反响器的类型挪动床反响器滴流床反响器浆态床反响器4 反响器的类型反响器的类型5 反响器的操作方式反响器的操作方式