13单元重点词汇及主课文讲解

1、Unit 13重点词汇及主课文讲解 重点词汇讲解:1. cube 1)立方形, 立方体, 方块; 2)立方;三次幂 Please bring me an ice cube (一块冰块)out of the fridge. The cube of 2 is 8. 2的3次幂是8. The cube root of 27 is 3. 27的立方根是3.cubic立方的；立方形的 perfect cube完全立方cube root立方根 cube power方形火药 2. sailor 1)海员, 水手; 乘船者 The sailors landed on Dalian. 海员在大连上岸. He h

2、ad been a sailor in the USA navy. 他曾在美国海军当水兵. I am a bad sailor. 我是一个爱晕船的人. 2)（同）seaman海员；水手3. benefit 1) vt. “对有利”, 后面接名词&代词, 但不接反身代词 Exercise benefit our health. Your advice benefited me a great deal. The fresh air will benefit you.2) vi. “获益, 得益于”,后面可接from/ by We benefit by/ from daily exerci

3、ses. The plants benefited from the rain. 3) n.益处, 好处(可数& 不可数) I told them all the benefits of fresh air and exercise.He got a lot of benefit from the holiday. 假期让他受益匪浅！Your advice was of great benefit to me. 你的忠告对我很有好处4) for the benefit of 为了的利益 be of benefit to sb. 对有好处4. property 1) 财产; 不动产; 所

4、有权(不可数); (某处特定的)地产(可数)This small house is my only property. （唯一的财产）With the city developing rapidly, property in the center is becoming more expensive. He has a large property in the county. 他在这个县有一大宗地产。 2)性能, 特性(可数)One property of steel is its hardness. 坚固是钢的特性之一He is studying the medicinal propert

5、ies of wild plants. 他正在研究野生植物的药物特性。Many plants have medicinal properties.5. range 1)vt.“排列, 归类”, 其宾语为排列对象,后接介词on/ in/ along表示方向或趋势The teacher ranged the pupils along the curb. 教师叫学生沿着路边排队。I ranged the books on the shelf by/ according to size. 我把书依照大小顺序排在书架上。The cards are ranged in alphabetical order

6、. 2) vi. 在范围内变动 & (山脉等)绵亘, 伸展, 排列, 延及The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade.The road ranges westward from the lake. 这条路由湖边向西延伸3)(不可数)“范围”, 指认知, 知识, 经验或能力方面的范围be out of ones range 某人所不能及的, 非自己知识范围之内的beyond the range of human understanding 超越人类理解的范围within range of vision 在看得到的

7、范围之内The houses are sold out within this price range. 在这个价位范围之内的房子已售完。 4)(可数) “变化(范围)”, 指变动的范围/ 数量/ 程度The company sells new cars with a wide range of prices. 该公司销售价格差异很大的各种新车。This store sells a wide range of TV sets. 这家商店出售各种型号的彩电。5）（可数）延展的一组或一系列；山脉 The library has ranges of books in perfect order.这个

8、图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。mountain range= a range of mountains (一列)山脉6. solid adj. & n. liquid gas1) adj. “固体的”，与liquid“液体”或gas“气体”相对. Ice is solid water. 冰是固态的水. When water freezes, it becomes solid. 2）“坚固的；可靠的” I want a good, solid box that wont break easily. 我需要一个完好而结实的盒子。The building doesnt look very

9、solid.3) n. “固体”，经常用作可数名词.Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.Iron and stone are solids. 铁和石头是固体.Now he is well enough to take solids. 现在他病好了，可以吃固体食物了.4) be in solid with sb. 受到某人重视； 得宠于某人；与某人关系好 be/ go solid against/ for 一致反对/赞成 make oneself solid with sb. 获得某人可靠的支持 7. pure 1)纯粹的；干净

10、的；无有害物质的;纯洁的；清白的；无邪的Is this cup made of pure gold?The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.2)“完全的；彻底的”，常用来加强语气What you are saying is pure nonsense.It is a pure accident.3）the pure in/ of heart心地纯洁的人们 pure and heart纯粹的，不折不扣的8. relationship 1)“关系,关联;人际关系”，可数或不可数,后接between/to/with等介词.China has good

11、 relationships with most countries in the world.The children learned about the relationship between the moon and the tides. 2)“亲属关系、姻亲关系”，不可数,后可接介词to;“亲属”，可数Whats your relationship to the victim?Do you know her relationship to that girl?9. mass n. & vi.1) “质量”,不可数；“团、块、堆、片、群”，可数，常指聚成一体的没有具体形状的物质

12、；“人民、群众”，常用作复数形式.A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.A great mass of snow has fallen off the roof.There are masses of dark clouds in the sky.I wonder if they are truly concerned with the interests of the masses. 2) vi.聚集在一起 Dark clouds massed and we expected rain.3) be a mass of 遍布着；充

13、满了in mass 全部、全体；整个地 in the mass 总体上；总的说来the (great) mass of 大多数，大部分 10. float 1) vi.“漂浮”，强调的是“保持悬在流体的表层内或表面上的状态而不沉下去”；“漂移，游荡”尤指随意地从一处移动到另一处，多作不及物动词用，后面可以加介词on.Wood floats on water.The empty boat was floating on the sea.A balloon is floating in the sky.2) vt.使悬浮或放入水中；使下水There was enough water to floa

14、t the ship. 3) on the float漂浮着 float off（搁浅）的船浮起11. absorb 1）vt. 吸收(水、热、光、知识、学问等)Cotton gloves absorb sweat.So many good ideas! It is too much for me to absorb all at once.He was utterly absorbed in the book.2) be absorbed by 被吞并/为所吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注于，热衷于absorb ones attention =attract ones attent

15、ion12. sensitive 1)adj. 敏感的(to)；灵敏的； 容易生气的(about)She is sensitive to the smell of smoking. The child is sensitive to eggs. 那个孩子对鸡蛋过敏。He is sensitive about his failure. 人家一提到他的失败，他就生气。2)（反）insensitive不敏感的 （同）reactive有反应的3) sensible 明智的，通情达理的；察觉到的Even sensible men do absurd things.He was fully sensibl

16、e of his own shortcoming. senseless 失去知觉的；无意义的，不明智的He was beaten senseless.主课文讲解:1. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.1) life 生物(活的有机物的总称)无复数形式，不加冠词，谓语用单数 There is no life on the moon. Marine life swims in water. 2) range from to 从分布到

17、，在某一特定的范围内变化或变动There are 200 boys ranging from 7 to 14 in age. This plant ranges from Canada to Mexico. Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars.range over 范围包括 Our conversation ranged over many subjects.3) all the way 自始至终，一直，一路上，从远道而来All the way back, they talked about the persons and things tha

18、t they could remember at school. It is very kind of you to come all the way to see me.2. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures. 1) whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。Whatever is left over is yours.You mus

19、t do whatever is best for you.Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office.She is against whatever I am fond of.2) available adj. 可用的，可获得的，有效的，适宜的sth.(受体)+ be + available + to + sb. (主体) 某物对某人来说是可得的The information is available to anybody.The ticket is available to you for 3 days. （ 三天内有效）sb.(主体) + be + available + for + sth.