2015非谓语动词2

1、2015届高三英语语法专题复习 非谓语动词【重点扫描】1. 非谓语动词的分类、构成及功能：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doing to have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用；在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用；在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving

2、 been donesbs doing具有名词的作用；在句中做主、宾、定和表语2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent,

3、keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to既可接

4、动名词也可接不定式作宾语forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cant help意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go o

5、n doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）cant help to do（不能帮忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）allow, advise, forbid, permit后面直接跟动名词作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke. We dont allow smoking in the h

6、all.need, require, want作“需要”讲时，其后用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。如：The window needs cleaning / to be cleaned.deservebe worth“值得” 其后用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。其后只能用用动名词的主动形式作宾语。3.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式后接带to的不定式：ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成The teacher ofte

7、n encourages us to study hard.I heard him call me several times.后接不带to的不定式：have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.4. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：

8、区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling

9、 leaves / the fallen leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成5. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别例句不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更

10、接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”之意，主语多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is

11、well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)6. 分词（短语）作状语：形式意义例句doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生Hearing the phone ringing, Mr. Black put down the book he was reading and picked up the receiver.having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生Hav

12、ing finished his homework, he went home.done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系Taken to hospital and operated on immediately, he was saved.being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首Being scolded by his father, he was afraid to let out a single word.having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生Not having been told wha

13、t to do next, they were having a short rest.注：1. 分词短语作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致；2. 独立成分作状语，常见的有：generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from / by, considering, takinginto consideration / account, to tell you the truth, supposing, providing, provided, given等。3.独立主格结构带有自己的逻辑主语 Everything considered,

14、his plan is superior than yours.【直击高考】 【2014高考试题】1.【全国大纲卷】Today there are more airplanes_ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying2.【全国大纲卷】_me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.A. CallingB. Call C. To call D. Having called 3.【重庆卷】The prod

15、ucer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned4.【重庆卷】Group activities will be organized after class _ children develop team spirit. A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help5.【北京卷】The film star wears sung

16、lasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.A. recognizing B. being recognizedC. having recognized D. having been recognized6.【北京卷】 There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solving B. solved C. being solvedD.to be solved7.【北京卷】 _ carefully if any change

17、occurs when doing experiments in the lab.A. ObserveB. To observe C. Observed D. Observing8.【北京卷】 Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on TV.A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching9.【天津卷】 Clearly and thoughtfully_, the book inspires confidence in students who wish

18、 to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written10.【天津卷】 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fitA. to find B. found C. finding D. having found11.【山东卷】 There is a note pinned to the door_ when the shop will open again. A. say

19、ing B. says C. said D. having said 12.【山东卷】Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs13.【江西卷】When it comes to _ in public, no one can match him.A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken 14.【江西卷】3 _nearly all ou

20、r money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent15.【江西卷】He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted16.【四川卷】 The manager was satisfied to see many new produc

21、ts _ after great effort.A. having developed      B. to develop          C. developed          D. develop17.【四川卷】 I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _ more about it, visit this website.A. T

22、o find out               B. Finding out        C. To be finding out       D. Having found out18.【福建卷】 the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears mor

23、e mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend19.【福建卷】For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected20.【江苏卷】 The lecture _, a lively question-and-ans

24、wer session followed.A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given21.【陕西卷】 Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?A. to go B. going C go D. having gone 22.【陕西卷】_ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working out B. Worked ou

25、t C. To work out D. Work out23.【安徽卷】While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote24.【湖南卷】Children，when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C.accompanying D. acc

26、ompanied25.【湖南卷】_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood26.【湖南卷】There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _at th

27、e night sky. A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared27. 【湖南卷】 _ what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for itA. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made28.【湖南卷】 ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A.Hav

28、ing freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing29.【浙江卷】 Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.   A. to appoint         B. appointing            C.

29、 appointed           D. having appointed【2013高考试题】30.【安徽卷】_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To foundB. FoundingC. FoundedD. Having founded31.【北京卷Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including you

30、r own. A. changeB. changing C. changedD. to change32.【安徽卷】_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found33.【安徽卷】When we saw the road _with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to blockC. blockingD. blocked34.【福建卷】_ basic f

31、irst-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known35.【福建卷】Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. testedD. to test36.【湖南卷】The sun began to r

32、ise in the sky，_ the mountain in golden light. Abathed Bbathing Cto have bathed Dhaving bathed37.【湖南卷】You cannot accept an opinion _to you unless it is based on facts. Aoffering Bto offer Chaving offered Doffered38.【湖南卷】_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnigh

33、ts so I could refill it. AStaying BStayed CTo stay DStay39.【江苏卷】 Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set40.【江西卷】If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the polic

34、e at once. A. askedB. to ask C. askingD. having asked41.【辽宁卷】Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. was waiting42.【山东卷】 The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands

35、 D. stood43【山东卷】I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken44.【山东卷】_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. to eat C. Eat D. Eating45.【陕西卷】Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to unde

36、rstand B. understand C. understanding D. understood46.【陕西卷】The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned47.【上海卷】The judge gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _.

37、 A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried48.【上海卷】The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ society of real-life experience. A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored49. 【上海卷】Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. A. to goB.

38、 to have gone C. going D. having gone50.【上海卷】Sophia got an e-mail _ her credit card account number. A. asking for B. ask for C. asked for D. having asked for51.【四川卷】 _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not52.【四川卷】Th

39、e airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed53.【天津卷】In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations. A. using B. to useC. having used D. used54.【新课标II卷】 I got to the office ea

40、rlier that day, _ the 7:30 train from Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catchD. having caught55.【新课标I卷】They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave56.【新课标I卷】The drive wanted to park his car near the roadside but w

41、as asked by the police _ . A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 57.【新课标I卷】The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 58.【浙江卷】_how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Heari

42、ngB. HearC. Having heardD. To be hearing 59.【浙江卷】There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treatedD. not have been treated60.【 重庆卷】 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fel

43、l asleep. A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell61.【重庆卷】The engine just won't start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone【2012高考试题】62【江西卷】Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _to the new students.Aspeaking Bhaving spokenCto

44、 speakDto have spoken63.【江西卷】John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered64.【湖南卷】The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. startingB. being startedC. to start D. to be

45、started65.【湖南卷】Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use66.【湖南卷】We've had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. doC. to be done D. to do67.【重庆卷】 Before you quit your job, _how your family would feel about your de

46、cision. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered68.【重庆卷】Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision_ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made69.【重庆卷】_ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful fi

47、lm. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked70.【辽宁卷】This machine is very easy_. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate71.【辽宁卷】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A.

48、to follow B. following C. followed D. follows72.【四川卷】 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only_ his plane high up in the sky. A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found73.【四川卷】I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound7

49、4.【四川卷】 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash75.【陕西卷】 _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand76.【陕西卷】If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but_ an even

50、 greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet77. 【北京卷】One learns a language by making mistake and _them. A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting78.【北京卷】 _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use79.【全国II】The old man sat in front of the tel

51、evision every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched80.【全国II】 Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped81.【北京卷】 Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away. A. to s

52、tay B. staying C. stayed D. stay82.【天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leavingD. having left83.【全国新课程】 Film has a much shorter history, especially when _such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare

53、to D. compared to84.【全国新课程】 The party will be held in the garden, weather_. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit85.【山东卷】After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide86.【山东卷】 George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 87.【福建卷】China recently tightened its water