硝酸镍和硝酸铈水溶液共浸渍薄水铝石制备了 NiCeO2Al2O3 催化剂, 并将其用于低水碳摩尔比条

1、窗体顶端The present work focuses on the development of efficient desulphurization processes for multi-fuel reformers for hydrogen production. Two processes were studied: liquid hydrocarbon desulphurization and H2S removal from reformate gases. For each process, materials with various chemical compositio

2、ns and microporous structures were synthesized and characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties and desulphurization ability. In the case of liquid phase desulphurization, the adsorption of sulphur compounds contained in diesel fuel under ambient conditions was studied employing as

3、 sorbents, zeolite-based materials, i.e. NaY, HY and metal ion-exchanged NaY and HY, as well as a high-surface area activated carbon (AC), for three different diesel fuels with sulphur content varying between 5 and 180 ppmw. Among all sorbents studied, AC showed the best desulphurization perfor

4、mance followed by cerium ion-exchanged HY. The gas phase desulphurization experiments involved the evaluation of zinc-based mixed oxides, synthesized by non-conventional (combustion synthesis) techniques on high steam content reformate gas mixtures.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1.

5、Materials synthesis and characterization 2.1.1. Sorbents for liquid phase desulphurization2.1.2. Sorption materials for gas phase desulphurization2.2. Experimental procedure 2.2.1. Liquid phase desulphurization2.2.2. Gas phase desulphurization3. Results and discussion 3.1. Liquid phase desulphurizat

6、ion3.2. Gas phase desulphurization4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.50673Mathematical modeling of an industrial steam-methane reformer for on-line deployment  Original Research ArticleFuel Processing Technology, Volume 92, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1574-1586Dean A. Lat

7、ham, Kimberley B. McAuley, Brant A. Peppley, Troy M. Raybold Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractA mathematical mode

8、l of an industrial steam-methane reformer (SMR) is developed for use in monitoring tube-wall temperatures. The model calculates temperature profiles for the outer-tube wall, inner-tube wall, furnace gas and process gas. Inputs are the reformer inlet-stream conditions, the furnace geometry and materi

9、al properties of the furnace and catalyst-bed. The model divides the reformer into zones of uniform temperature and composition. Radiative-heat transfer on the furnace side is modeled using the Hottel Zone method. Energy and material balances are solved numerically. The effect of important model par

10、ameters on reformer temperature profiles is assessed and the parameters are fit to data from an industrial SMR. At plant rates greater than 85% the model accurately predicts the process-gas outlet temperature, composition, pressure, flow rate and tube-wall temperatures. The adjustable parameters may

11、 need to be re-estimated using additional low plant rate data. The model has the capacity to be developed into a more complex model that accounts for classes of tubes associated with different radiative environments.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Mathematical model3. Numerical methods 3.1. Fitting

12、 of model parameters using industrial data4. Results and discussion5. ConclusionAcknowledgementsNomenclatureReferencesPurchase$ 41.95Highlights Model developed for industrial top-fired steam-methane reformer. Zone furnace model with 1-D fixed-bed tube model. Adjust parameters to match tube temperatu

13、res. Predict temperatures within 95% confidence intervals at high rates. Advanced models possible for wall tubes and center tubes.674Ethanol internal steam reforming in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell  Original Research ArticleJournal of Power Sources, In Press, Corrected Pr

14、oof, Available online 18 November 2010Stefan Diethelm, Jan Van herle Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis study

15、investigates the performance of a standard NiYSZ anode supported cell under ethanol steam reforming operating conditions. Therefore, the fuel cell was directly operated with a steam/ethanol mixture (3 to 1 molar). Other gas mixtures were also used for comparison to check the conversion of ethan

16、ol and of reformate gases (H2, CO) in the fuel cell. The electrochemical properties of the fuel cell fed with four different fuel compositions were characterized between 710 and 860 °C by IV and EIS measurements at OCV and under polarization. In order to elucidate the limiting processes, i

17、mpedance spectra obtained with different gas compositions were compared using the derivative of the real part of the impedance with respect of the natural logarithm of the frequency. Results show that internal steam reforming of ethanol takes place significantly on NiYSZ anode only above 760 &#

18、176;C. Comparisons of results obtained with reformate gas showed that the electrochemical cell performance is dominated by the conversion of hydrogen. The conversion of CO also occurs either directly or indirectly through the watergas shift reaction but has a significant impact on the electrochemica

19、l performance only above 760 °C.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Catalytic tests2.2. Electrochemical tests3. Results and discussion 3.1. Catalysis3.2. Electrochemistry3.3. Comparison of performance with dry and humid mixtures: effect of steam3.4. Comparison of performance

20、 with humid and syngas mixtures: effect of CO/CO23.5. Comparison of performance with syngas and ethanol mixture4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 39.95675Internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels in tubular solid oxide fuel cells  International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volu

21、me 33, Issue 7, April 2008, Pages 1853-1858P.K. Cheekatamarla, Caine M. Finnerty, Jun Cai Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReference

22、s AbstractThe application of heterogeneous catalysis has an important role to play in the successful commercial development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. In this paper, we present an SOFC that combines a catalyst layer with a conventional anode, allowing internal reforming via partial

23、oxidation (POX) of fuels such as methane, propane, butane, biomass gas, etc., without coking and yielding stable power output. The catalyst layer is fabricated on the anode simply by catalyst support coating and reforming catalyst impregnation. The composition and microstructure of catalyst support

24、layer as well as the catalyst composition was easily tailored to meet the demand of in situ reforming. The usage of catalyst layer as an integrated part of the traditional SOFC will provide a simple low-cost power-generating system at substantially higher fuel efficiency and faster start-ups, and ma

25、y accelerate the application of SOFCs through the direct use of hydrocarbon fuels.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental3. Results and discussion 3.1. Biogas and methane reforming3.2. Propane and LPG reforming4. SummaryReferencesPurchase$ 31.50676Investigation on the xylitol aqueous-phase ref

26、orming performance for pentane production over Pt/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts  Original Research ArticleApplied Energy, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 6 May 2011Ting Jiang, Tiejun Wang, Longlong Ma, Yuping Li, Qing Zhang, Xinghua Zhang Close preview  | &

27、#160; Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractPt/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and evaluated for aqueous-phase reforming (APR) reaction of xylitol. E

28、ffects of reaction temperature, pressure and metal loading on xylitol conversion and pentane selectivity were studied. Experiments over 4 wt% Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts showed that high temperature increased the xylitol conversion while high pressure led to the decrease of pentane selectivity. The xyl

29、itol conversion and pentane selectivity increased with the metal loading in the range of 03 wt%, but the values decreased as further increasing the metal loading to 5 wt% over both Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5, indicating that higher metal loading would increase the rate of CC bond cleavage com

30、pared to hydrogenation. Under the condition of 240 °C and 4 MPa, Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5 with the same metal loading of 2 wt% showed similar xylitol conversion, while the primary had higher pentane selectivity of 95% than 58% of the latter. Ni has higher activity for pentane prod

31、uction than Pt during the APR reaction of xylitol, while Pt has stronger effect of CC bond cleavage to produce lighter alkanes of C1C4. In order to investigate catalyst recyclability, 2 wt% Ni/HZSM-5 was reused and analyzed by TG characterization. It was found that considerable amount of coke a

32、nd heavy hydrocarbons were formed on the catalyst surface, which could cover the active sites and cause catalyst deactivation.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Catalyst preparation2.2. Product analysis and catalyst characterization2.3. Experimental methods and data processing3. Resu

33、lts and discussion 3.1. Effect of reaction temperature on the xylitol APR performance3.2. Effect of pressure on the xylitol APR performance3.3. Effect of metal loading on the xylitol APR performance3.4. Reaction pathways3.5. Catalyst recyclability4. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.9

34、5Highlights Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts for pentane production by APR processing of xylitol. Low hydrogen pressure and metal loading below 3wt% favor the pentane selectivity. Pt exhibited stronger cleaving of C-C bond than Ni for lighter alkane formation. Alkane selectivity was controlled by c

35、oupling of CO cleavage, CC cleavage and hydrogenation.677Evaluation of membrane reactor with hydrogen-selective membrane in methane steam reforming  Original Research ArticleChemical Engineering Science, Volume 65, Issue 3, 1 February 2010, Pages 1159-1166P. Bernardo, G. Barbieri, E. Driol

36、i Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractA comparative analysis of a conventional industrial process and a membrane rea

37、ctor plant for hydrogen production via natural gas steam reforming is proposed by calculating two sustainability metrics: mass and energy intensities. The analysis takes into account membrane reactors equipped with hydrogen-selective membranes (Pd-based) which can operate at milder temperature (500&

38、#160;°C) and pressure (1.0 MPa) conditions and at higher CH4 conversion levels (90100%) than that achieved in conventional industrial systems. The use of the MR retentate stream to produce the steam required as feed for the reforming section is proposed and for this option a reduced mass i

39、ntensity is calculated (reduced amount of fuel to the process) with respect to the conventional plant. The reduction is in the range 2532% for the MRs operated at m=3 and 4450% for the MRs operated at m=2. A more important saving concerns the energy use.Article Outline1. Introduction 1.1. Systems an

40、alysed2. Results 2.1. Mass intensity2.2. Energy intensity3. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95678Hydrogen generation from liquid reforming of glycerin over NiCo bimetallic catalyst  Original Research ArticleBiomass and Bioenergy, Volume 34, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 489-

41、495Nianjun Luo, Kun Ouyang, Fahai Cao, Tiancun Xiao Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractGlycerin is a low cost renew

42、able byproduct of the biodiesel industry, and can be reformed into hydrogen. Here we describe the development of cerium promoted nickel cobalt catalysts on alumina supports for the liquid phase reforming of aqueous glycerine in subcritical water. The bimetallic NiCo catalyst was prepared using the u

43、rea matrix combustion method over a wide range of compositions both with and without cerium. TPR profiles indicated a synergism between the metals, however, the catalysts deactivated due to carbon deposition as plaques, and in some compositions due to sintering. Cerium (2CeNi1Co3) suppressed sinteri

44、ng and lowered methane selectivity by comparison with Ni1Co3 alone.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Samples preparation2.2. Sample characterization2.3. Activity evaluation3. Results 3.1. XRD3.2. Catalytic activity 3.2.1. Effect of NiCo ratios3.2.2. Effect of cerium addition4. Discu

45、ssions 4.1. Synergic effect of nickel and cobalt4.2. Effect of cerium addition4.3. Deactivation studies 4.3.1. XRD4.3.2. SEM5. SummariesAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95679Microplasma reforming of hydrocarbons for fuel cell power  Journal of Power Sources, In Press, Corrected Proof

46、, Available online 1 December 2010R.S. Besser, P.J. Lindner Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThe implementation o

47、f a microplasma approach for small scale reforming processes is explored as an alternative to more standard catalyst-based processes. Plasmas are a known approach to activating a chemical reaction in place of catalysts, and microplasmas are particularly attractive owing to their extremely high elect

48、ron and power densities. Their inherent compactness gives them appeal for portable applications, but their modularity leads to scalability for higher capacity. We describe the realization of experimental microplasma reactors based on the microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) structure by silicon micr

49、omachining for device fabrication. Experiments were carried out with model hydrocarbons methane and butane in the reactors within a microfluidic flow and analytical setup. We observe several key phenomena, including the ability to liberate hydrogen from the hydrocarbons at temperatures near ambient

50、and sub-Watt input power levels, the tendency toward hydrocarbon decomposition rather than oxidation even in the presence of oxygen, and the need for a neutral carrier to obtain conversion. Mass and energy balances on these experiments revealed conversions up to nearly 50%, but the conversion of ele

51、ctrical power input to chemical reaction enthalpy was only on the order of 1%. These initial, exploratory results were recorded with devices and at process settings without optimization, and are hence promising for an emerging, catalyst-free reforming approach.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Materi

52、als and methods 2.1. Fabrication of microplasma reactors2.2. Reaction testing setup3. Results4. Discussion5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 39.95680Reaction Coupling of Methane Steam Reforming and Methane Dehydroaromatization for Improving Durability of Mo/MCM-49 Catalyst  

53、Original Research ArticleChinese Journal of Catalysis, Volume 30, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1022-1028Songdong YAO, Changyong SUN, Juan LI, Lijun GU, Wenjie SHEN Show preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles   &#

54、160; Purchase$ 31.50681Effect of structural, thermal and flow parameters on steam reforming of methane in a catalytic microreactor  Original Research ArticleChemical Engineering Research and Design, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 26 January 2011Ravikant A. Patil, Amarjeet Patn

55、aik, Somenath Ganguly, Anand V. Patwardhan Show preview  |   PDF (1100 K)   |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     Research highlights The temperature drop is significant near the heating layer

56、, and tapers off near the center of the stack. When feed temperature is significantly lower, the temperature and the conversion at the center of the stack are mostly affected. For higher ratio of wall thickness to the channel aperture, the drop in fluid temperature away from the heating layer is mor

57、e. Axial conduction in the direction of flow does not affect the temperature profile significantly.682Co-production of hydrogen and electricity from autothermal reforming of natural gas by means of Pd-Ag membranes  Original Research ArticleEnergy Procedia, Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2009,

58、 Pages 319-326Giampaolo Manzolini, Federico Viganò Show preview  |   PDF (668 K)   |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     683Thermodynamic analysis of carbon dioxide reforming of methane i

59、n view of solid carbon formation  Original Research ArticleFuel Processing Technology, Volume 92, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 678-691M. Khoshtinat Nikoo, N.A.S. Amin Show preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles 

60、0;   Purchase$ 41.95684Fuel constituent effects on fuel reforming properties for fuel cell applications  Original Research ArticleFuel, Volume 88, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 817-825Dushyant Shekhawat, David A. Berry, Daniel J. Haynes, James J. Spivey Show preview  |&

61、#160;  Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     Purchase$ 37.95685Discrete injection of oxygen enhances hydrogen production in circulating fast fluidized bed membrane reactors  Original Research ArticleInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 33, Issue 10, May 2008, Pages 2477-2488M.E.E. Abashar, F.M. Alhabdan, S.S.E.H. Elnashaie Show preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     Purchase$ 31.50686Kinetics of m