考研英语70分必备《考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背》

1、【海文考研英语】:考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法,再给出一些典型的句子,建议熟读甚至背诵,以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。一、长难句一般应对策略1.从句又多又长:一个主句带多个从句,从句中又含有从句。应对方法:先抓主干,找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾,再层层展开。2.句子中带有长长的插入成分:用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份,或解释、说明前面的内容。应对方法:理解句子主干时,先不理会插入语,等把主句的意思看完整,然后再看插入成分。3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰应对方法:主句最重要

2、的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的谓语部分,它就不是句子,而是分词短语、独立主格结构等,可以先跳过不看。4. 三种情况的混合应对方法:从前向后,抓住独立的谓语部分,从而区分出主句和分词状语,再根据主句与从句之间的连接词,区分出主句和从句,层层扩展理解,插入语在哪个层次,就放在哪个层次理解。二、特殊句型对于特殊句型,如虚拟语气,可以将其理解成一种反事实假设,也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言,其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外,阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构,要学会寻找第二部分,因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在notb

3、ut之中,重点在but之后。三、具体句子1、复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.参考译文当艺术上的一项新运动达到一

4、定流行程度时,最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的,因为,无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬,在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。结构分析本句的主干是it is advisable to find out. for. it is possible that.,句首的When引导一个时间状语从句,句中的for. it is possible. (至句末是一个并列分句,表示原因,其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句,表示让步。在主干it is advisable to find out. 中,it是形式主语,后面的不定式

5、结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。2、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected mann

6、er.参考译文与你谈话时,可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。你的“资历”和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。结构分析这也是一个并列句,包含两个分句。第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether.,其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二个分句的主干是your “wares” and abil

7、ities must be displayed.。注意:pay sb. to do sth.此处的意思是“做对有利”;“wares”的本义是“商品、货物”,但在本文中,作者认为找工作就是推销自己,所以结合本文的背景,wares的意思是“(求职者的资历或能力”。3、定语从句The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled t

8、he fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.参考译文通过雇用大量的职业人才,这一变化满足了新时代的技术要求,防止了效率下降在过去,这种效率下降经常使家族公司在充满活力的创业者之后的第二代或第三代毁掉全部财产。结构分析本句是一个并列句,以and连接;第一个分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements.,后面的介词结构by engaging a large professional element作状语,说明m

9、et the technical requirements of the new age的方式;第二个分句的主干是(the change prevented the decline in efficiency,后面的that引导的定语从句修饰decline in efficiency。注意:engage此处的意思是“雇,聘”。4、名词性从句Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.参考译文网络文化非

10、常推崇这样一种理念:出现在用户屏幕上的信息应该是根据用户特定要求发送过来的。结构分析本句的主干是Online culture thinks highly of the notion that.,其中notion后面的that引导一个同位语从句,说明notion的具体内容;同位语从句的主干是the es there.,其中flowing onto the screen作定语,修饰the information,句末的by specific request作状语,修饰come there。5、状语从句Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and

11、many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.参考译文消费者们看上去只是有点担心,而没有恐慌,很多消费者说尽管他们正在把开支紧缩一点,但是他们对经济的长期前景仍然保持乐观。结构分析本句是以and连接的并列句,其中第二个分句的主干是many say.,say后面的部分是宾语从句,其中还包含一个as引导的让步状语从句。6、特殊结构Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at

12、the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.参考译文也许正是因为人类长期以来遭受旱涝摆布的痛苦,才使他们制服洪水的理想显得如此令人着迷。结构分析这是一个强调句,基本结构是it is.suffering.that makes.so fascinating,被强调部分是humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought,其中的中心词是suffering,有两个修饰

13、成分:humankinds long和at the mercy of flood and drought(受旱涝摆布都做suffering的定语。suffering这个词除了是被强调的部分外,还是后面that引导的从句的主语;在that引导的从句中,ideal做宾语,带有of引导的动名词短语forcing the waters to do our bidding(让河水听我们吩咐这个定语;so fascinating 做ideal的宾语补语,说明ideal的特点。Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American sear

14、ch for spacious living than in the Far West.参考译文1980年美国的人口普查数据表明,没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。结构分析否定副词nowhere放在句首,所以句子出现部分倒装。注意:more 与否定词nowhere一起使用,相当于最高级。dramatize此处的意思是“突出显示,使戏剧化”。7、分隔结构With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may bee

15、ven admitting that the theory on which it is based may be rightit can hardly be classed as Literature.参考译文然而就未来主义诗歌而言,情况就很难说了,因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么即使承认其理论基础是正确的也很难将其归为文学。结构分析本句的主干是the case is rather difficult, for. it can hardly be classed as Literature,前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比,句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist

16、poetry作状语,其中with regard to的意思是“关于”;for. it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句,表示原因,主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature;for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步,作状语;破折号之间的部分even admitting that. 也是让步状语,其中that 引导一个宾语从句that the theory. may be right,而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is bas

17、ed。8、关联结构A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.参考译文1996年进行的一项新闻调

18、查表明,反科学的标签还被贴在其他许多团体身上从主张消灭最后剩下的各种天花病毒的机构,到主张减少基础研究经费的共和党人。结构分析本句的主干是A survey.reveals that.,主语是survey,谓语是reveals,后面的that引导一个宾语从句,其主干是:the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well,后面的部分是from和to连接的两个名词:from authorities.to Republicans.,说明other groups的内容,而两个名词后面各自带一个定语从句,都由who 引导。T

19、he astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. 参考译文 读者对新闻媒体令人惊讶的不信任并非源于报道失实或报道技能较差， 而是源于记者和读 者之间世界观的日常冲突。 结构分析 本句的主干是 distrust . isnt rooted in. but in. (不信任的根源不是而 是，其中 be roote

20、d in. 的意思是“根源在于”。注意：这是一种特殊句式，重点在 but 之后的部分。 9、难词与词组 Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 参考译文 麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言变化。 举例来说，

21、 他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消 失是很自然的，象古英语(Q 吧中词格结尾的消失一样不令人惋惜。 结构分析 本句是一个并列句，包含两个以 and 连接的分句，其中第二个分句比较复杂：宾语是 the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example，接着是 to be natural and no more regrettable，这一部分作上述宾语的补足语，最后是比较结构 no more. than. (象一 样不。 10、指代 “The term antiscience can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science, “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened