台湾大学生的认知发展、人格特质、生活经验及自我发展的关系

1、Chinese Journal of Psychology2009, V ol. 51, No. 1, 57-8098 51 1 57-80NSC93-2413-H-007-004-; 2007 European Congress of Psychology ;:Jane Loevinger 1966 ego development theory pre-conformist stage conformist stage post-conformist stage Loevinger, 19981 presocial2 symbiotic3 impulsive4 self-protective

2、5 conformist6 s e l f-a w a r e7 c o n s c i e n t i o u s 8: 07B19; :2007 9 3 ; :2008 5 13 ; :2008 10 28 ; :2008 12 5 ; :2008 12 14: 300 1001 E-mail: .twJane Loevinger : Loevinger - Washington University Sentence Completion Test 465 WUSCT NEO-FFI SID : ; :Loevinger58individualisti

3、c 9 autonomous 10 integrated Loevinger, 1976Loevinger Loevinger Hy & Loevinger, 1996 WUSCT Washington University Sentence Completion Test Sasaki, 1980 LoevingerManners Durkin 2000 30 Loevinger 1976 2004;Lu & Yang, 2006 Loevinger WUSCT WUSCT WUSCTJane Loevingerego Loevinger 1976Loevinger the

4、master trait in personality : character development cognitive style interpersonal style conscious preoccupation ; ; ; ; ; ; Loevinger, 1976Noam 1988 1993 Labouvie-Vief 1993 Loevinger Loevinger 1993 Blasi, 1971 Novy et al., 1994 WUSCTLoevinger 1 : ; 2 : ; 3 : ; 4 : ;5 : ;6 :59Loevinger, 1976, 1998Car

5、lson Westenberg 1998 WUSCT WUSCT Kusatsu 1977 Watanabe Yamamoto 1989 10 70 WUSCT ;Cohn, 1998 Westenberg Gjerde 1999 Bushe & Gibbs, 1990; Zilbermann, 1984, Manners & Durkin, 2000Manners Durkin 2000 Loevinger 19761. :Manners; 7 : ; 8 : Maslow Loevinger, 1976 1Blasi 1998 motivation for mastery

6、Loevinger Loevinger Loevinger, 1976: 59 objects people Blasi, 1998 Blasifunctional ideal type Loevinger, 1983 Carlson & Westenberg, 1998; Westernberg & Gjerde, 1999 Loevinger ;Loevinger WUSCT, Hy & Loevinger, 1996 WUSCT 36 WUSCT6011. I -1I -2; ; ; ; ;2. I -3; ; ;3.I -3/4; ;4. I -4; ; ;61

7、5.I -4/5(a : ;: ; ;: ; : ; 6. I -5:; ;: ; ; ; ; ; ;7. I -6:; (e x i s t e n t i a l m e a n i n g ; ;: (i n d i v i d u a l i t y : (s e l f -i d e n t i t y ;:a b 2008 L o e v i n g e r , 1976/1995 1 p . 241:LoevingerRedmore, 1983; Loevinger et al., 19852.Loevinger 1976 ; LoevingerBlanchard-Fields

8、1986Durkin 2000Holt 1980 Loxley Whiteley 1986 Whiteley Yokota 1988 Redmore 1983 57 Loevinger 1985 1974 1979 1977 1979 ;Adams Fitch 1983 64% 22% 17% Mentkowski Strait 1983 750 3 ; ; 3?Pascarella Terenzini 1991 2000 ChickeringStarrett 1983 EPQ ;?Manners Durkin 2000 proactive interaction reactive inter

9、action Caspi, 1993 ; Headey & Wearing, 1989 McCrae, 1993Baumeister 1994 : Baumeister crystallization discontent Baumeister, 1994Headey & Wearing, 1989; McCrae, 1993 McCrae & Costa, 2003 openness extraversion agreeableness conscientiousness neuroticismP e r r y 1970Blanchard-Fields 1986 P

10、erry 1970 P e r r y : dualism multiplicity relativism commitment in relativism ; ; ; Perry ;3.McCrae Costa 2003 : Eysenck Eysenck 1975 EPQ Eysenck s Personality Questionnaire EPQ ; ;WUSCTBaumeister,1994 McCrae Costa 2003 30 : Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991 McCrae & Costa, 2003: WUSCTLoevinger

11、WUSCT Loevinger Loevinger ? 2004 Yang 1996 Lu & Yang, 2006 2005 2004 : :Loevinger WUSCT WUSCT 36 7 _; _ / _; _ _; _ WUSCT AWUSCT 50.83WUSCT Total Protocol Rating, TPR Item Sum Score, ISS TPR protocol ISS Loevinger 1998 TPR-ISS TPR2. T h e S c a l e o f I n t e l l e c t u a l Development, SID, E

12、rwin, 1983Perry 1970 119 : ;51170% ;20% ;10% 465 8 5 227 233 ; N = 94 N = 109 N = 95 N =68 N = 91 ; N = 203 N = 149 N = 1051. Washington University Sentence Completion Test, WUSCT, Hy & Loevinger, 1996WUSCT 36 : When a child will not join in group activities, Raising a family WUSCT Form 81 圖1:本研

13、究之架構1:Parker Stumpf 1998 NEO-FFI .204.40 N = 11; N = 29 18 0 5 .822WUSCT 465 WUSCT 36 16.68%: ; : ; : 2000 SID SID 60 37 .71 .79 .73 119 .25 48 .35 8 11 13 16 .61 .73 .74 .703. : NEO-Five Factor Inventory; Short Form, Costa & McCrae, 1992; ; ; ; 60 5 .35 11 9 12 11 9 .78 .70 .80 . 84 .70 Egan De

14、ary Austin 20006721234567891011121314151617MS D1S C T -I S S170.3917.20- .94*-.09 .17* .17* .28* .06 .12-.04 .01 .17* .05 .07 .20*.02-.03-.022S C T -T P R4.911.00.96*-.06 .15* .17* .27* .04 .14*-.04-.01 .14* .08 .09.17* .03-.11-.033 3.13.68-.01-.02- .06 .08 .02-.02 .21* .14* .07-.31*.01 .08 .05 .03-

15、.01-.014 4.06.53.33*.30* .23*- .25* .35* .04 .05 .23* .10 .34*-.11-.08.03-.08.31*-.115 3.38.58-.01-.00.10 .31*- .57*-.24* .56* .27* .08.45* .14* .21*.33*.13.16*.066 6*.15*.15*.46*.49*-.03 .28* .28* .10 .44*.07.17*.25*.17*.28*.037 2.55.75 .04.05.06 .01-.25*-.00-.46*-.28*-.36* .02 .03-.06.07-

16、.12-.01.128 2.83.58 .04.04.05 .10.59*.34*-.36*- .32* .23* .12.17*.21*.24*.18*.10-.139 3.21.61 .08.03.13 .24*.25*.27*-.35*.35*- .33* .14*.11.14*.11.12.38*.0210 2.56.62 .06.05-.03 .07-.03.03-.25*.03.21*- .04-.19*-.15*-.10.05.14*-.1211 0*.26*-.17*.41*.33*.35*-.12.20*.24*.15*-.03.06.17*-.03.17*

17、-.0212 1.801.25-.06-.06.02-.25*.06*.01.02.14*.06-.11-.12- .56*.47*.42*.20*.4013 2.221.14-.06-.06.10-.10.08.02-.04.14*.15*-.11-.06.46*- .40*.46*.22*.3314 3.081.12.14*.13* .03.07.32*.22*-.21*.42*.17*.11.25*.28*.32*- .34*.28*.3115 2.091.80-.11*-.10-.06-.12*.19*.06-.17*.20*.09-.12.01.39*.28*.21*- .23*.2

18、316 3.751.04-.02-.03.08.06*.02.04*-.11.10.29*.20*.04*.20*.27*.27*.16*- .0917 2.671.31-.07*-.07*.22*-.04.06.01 .19*-.08.02-.19*-.08.20*.29*.23.10*.06-:T o t a l N = 465 N = 227 N = 233 * p < .05. * p < .01. * p < .001.681 10 41.16% 5 Loevinger ; ; - ; ;E2 4 0.9% E3 37 8% E4 101 21.7%/ 3.6% o

19、n line / formate 60% : : : Westenberg, Treffers, & Drewes, 1998 WUSCT 152 Loevinger 1976693M (S D M (S D M(S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M(S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D N 227 4.59 (1.04 3.15 (.69 4.00 (.60 3.46 (.61 3.54 (.51 2.53 (.82 2.81 (.61 3.15 (.63 2.46 (.6

20、5 3.14 (.71 1.90 (1.23 2.18 (1.14 3.15 (1.07 2.30 (1.86 3.71 (1.11 2.89 (1.25N 233 5.24 (.82 3.10 (.65 4.12 (.05 3.29 (.53 3.46 (.50 2.56 (.67 2.84 (.55 3.28 (.58 2.67 (.56 3.15 (.62 1.70 (1.26 2.26 (1.14 3.01 (1.17 1.87 (1.71 3.78 (.98 2.45 (1.33t 458 -7.46*.86-2.44*3.02* 1.70 -.36 -.62 -2.36* -3.6

21、9* -.06 1.71 -.75 1.33 2.57* -.65* 3.72*M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D N 203 4.95 (.92 3.15 (.65 4.12 (.52 3.29 (.58 3.42 (.51 2.59 (.72 2.79 (.58 3.22 (.63 2.58 (.59 3.14 (.69 1.58 (1.29 1.99 (1.17 2.81 (1.22 1.68 (1.8

22、0 3.74 (1.09 2.50 (1.39N 149 4.93 (1.01 3.18 (.68 4.03 (.51 3.35 (.57 3.55 (.49 2.59 (.72 2.79 (.56 3.17 (.56 2.58 (.62 3.08 (.66 1.97 (1.15 2.32 (1.10 3.34 (.92 2.19 (1.70 3.74 (1.01 2.85 (1.23N 105 4.90 (1.09 3.01 (.71 3.98 (.60 3.58 (.55 3.59 (.53 2.42 (.82 2.96 (.59 3.25 (.60 2.49 (.65 3.23 (.65

23、 1.96 (1.26 2.55 (1.07 3.26 (1.05 2.71 (1.75 3.74 (1.02 2.74 (1.21F 2,454 .06 2.28 2.659.34* 4.88* 2.01 3.53* .52 .84 1.57 5.41* 9.48* 11.89* 12.17* .00 3.35*M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D M (S D N 94 4.88 (1.07 3.03 (.68 4.11

24、 (.50 3.28 (.60 3.45 (.48 2.57 (.71 2.77 (.53 3.23 (.63 2.55 (.64 3.18 (.66 1.69 (1.23 2.17 (1.23 2.96 (1.16 2.25 (1.89 3.75 (1.05 2.74 (1.28N 109 4.65 (1.09 2.98 (.68 4.05 (.56 3.49 (.53 3.60 (.51 2.51 (.75 2.84 (.54 3.16 (.64 2.55 (.62 3.19 (.67 1.76 (1.23 2.10 (1.08 3.06 (1.09 2.05 (1.92 3.67 (1.

25、10 2.67 (1.30N 95 5.05 (.90 3.02 (.67 4.03 (.54 3.30 (.57 3.46 (4.77 2.50 (.75 2.76 (.64 3.16 (.63 2.58 (.58 3.15 (.77 1.67 (1.26 2.34 (1.09 3.13 (1.11 1.83 (1.60 3.57 (1.05 2.36 (1.31N 68 5.16 (.80 3.28 (.62 4.16 (.50 3.36 (.56 3.50 (.52 2.59 (.75 2.89 (.55 3.28 (.47 2.56 (.60 3.08 (.64 1.99 (1.25

26、2.16 (.99 2.97 (.99 1.83 (1.78 3.90 (1.00 2.29 (1.30N 91 4.95 (.98 3.40 (.60 3.96 (.56 3.42 (.57 3.48 (.55 2.56 (.74 2.89 (.53 3.25 (.60 2.58 (.63 3.09 (.58 1.97 (1.31 2.36 (1.28 3.28 (1.20 2.43 (1.71 3.88 (1.00 3.15 (1.19F 4,452 3.51* 7.54*1.712.36 1.44 .24 1.34 .72 .06 .54 1.27 1.04 1.26 1.89 1.54

27、 6.20*p < .05. * p < .01. * p < .001.704 = .30, p <.001 = -.23, p <.01 = .20, p <.05 21.7% = .15, p <.0517.1% = -.16, p <.05 = .19, p <.05 = .17, p <.05 = .24, p <.01Baron Kenny 1986 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 complete mediation ; partial mediationE5 191 41.1% E6 121 26% E7 8 1.7%

28、E8 3 0.6% 4.9 1.00 3 ISS-TPR Bonferroni 3: ; : : 4 = .22, p <.05 = -.15, p <.05 = .37, p <.001 = -.14, p = .56 = .31, p <.001 M1 M3 M5 = .26, p <.001 = .21, p <.05 = .16, p <.05 = .18, p <.05 M2 M4 M6714(M 1M 2(M 3(M 4 (M 5 (M 6 (M 7 (M 8(B (B (B (B (B (B (B (B .09(1.07-.07(-

29、.74.09(1.07-.07(-.74 .09(1.07 -.07(-.74 .09(1.07*-.07(-.74*-.00(-.08.12(2.41 -.00(-.08 .12(2.41 -.00(-.08 .12(2.41 -.00(-.08 .12(2.41 R 2.01.02.01 .02 .01 .02 .01 .02-.05(-.76-.03(-.38.05(.66.01(.06-.04(-.59.04(.55-.02(-.36.06(.79.22(3.64*.26(3.17*.13(2.16.19(2.42*-.09(-.87-.07(-.63-.07(-.65-.08(-.6

30、5-.04(-.69-.06(-.96-.08(-1.20-.16(-2.34*-.09(-1.25-.07(-.79-.05(-.70-.04(-.39-.15(-3.75* -.08(-1.88-.08(-.25-.12(-.32.37(10.79* .11(3.37.30(8.83*.17(5.34*-.14(-4.12 .03(.87-.23(-6.74*-.06(-1.50.10(3.46 .21(6.04*.04(1.50.24(6.89*.08(1.73.14(3.07.04(.89.09(1.84.04(1.23.18(4.72*.10(2.98.12(3.07.03(.71-

31、.08(-1.92.02(.43-.10(-2.59.03(.93.04(1.09-.00(-.04.08(1.98.31(7.66* .16(3.61* .20(4.83* -.02(-.37 R 2.06.05.14 .08.11.06.21.15R 2.07.07.15 .10.12.08.22.17F 1.852.116.47* 4.22*3.40*2.68*3.35*2.398,2148,222 6,216 6,2247,2157,22317,20517,217*p < .05. * p < .01. * p < .001. .22 .19 Baron Kenny

32、1986 6 = .23, p <.001; = .23, p <.001; = .18, p <.01 6 M1 M2 M3 = .19, p = .01 M4 = .14, p <.05 =.23, p <.01 M5 = .17, p <.01 = .08, ns M6Baron Kenny 1986 5 = .15, p <.05; = .16, p <.05 5M1 M2 = .11, p = .12 = .15, p = .05 = .16, p <.05 = -.02, ns M4 = .08, ns = .30, p <

33、;.001 M55 :(M1 (M2 (M3 (M4 (M5 (B(B(B(B(B.04 (.02 -.06 (-.03 .09 (1.07 .09 (1.07 .09 (1.07 .19 (.14* .07 (.07 -.00 (-.08 -.00(-.08 -.00 (-.08 R 2 .04.01.01.01.01/ .26 (.15* .24(.16* .15(2.57* .16(2.67* .08(1.36-.02(-.63 .30(7.45* R 2 .06 .05 .02 .02 .11 R 2 .10 .06 .03 .03 .12 F 8.11* 4.93* 6.29* 2.

34、28 7.10*3,2193,2193,2194,2184,218* p < .05. * p < .01. * p < .001.Halt & Mentkowski, 1994; Westenberg & Gjerde, 1999 WUSCT WUSCT : : / 2004 2003 ; WUSCT = .17, p <.05 = .15, p <.05 M7Loevinger4.91 SD = 1.00 Loevinger 69.4%6 :(M1 (M2 (M3 (M4 (M5 (M6 (M7 (B(B(B(B(B(B(B.03 (.01 .

35、10 (.04 -.07 (-.03 -.07 (-.74 -.07 (-.74 -.07 (-.74 -.07 (-.74 .16 (.10* .05 (.04 .02 (.02 .12 (2.41 .12 (2.41 .12 (2.41 .12 (2.41 R 2 .03.01.010.18.02.02.02/ .23 (.10* .23 (.11* .18 (.10* .19(2.39* .14 (1.73* .17 (2.17* .17 (2.08* .23 (6.71* .08 (2.03 .15 (.38* R 2 .05 .05 .03 .10 .04 .06R 2 .08 .0

36、7 .04 .12 .06 .08F 6.35* 5.43* 2.76* 4.15* 6.54* 3.62* 4.56*3,2273,2273,2273,2274,2264,2264,226* p < .05. * p < .01. * p < .001.Lovinger, 1976 McCrae, 1993 = -.05, p = .32 r = - .005, nsGilligan, 1982 Loevinger 1976Loevinger 1985 Loevinger Westernwberg Gjerde 1999 1423 M = 5.18 SD = .77 M =

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