巧用构词法记忆初中英语单词

1、巧用构词法记忆初中英语单词初中生学习构词法基础知识也是非常有好处的，那就是它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词，以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量，短期内记住更多的单词。今天，就和小简老师一起来学习构词法的基础知识吧！英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。一.转化法在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。1.动词转化为名词 Letmehavea?try.?让我试试。 Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoft?drinks?atschool.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。2 .名词转化为动词 He?shouldered?hisway

2、throughthecrowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。 Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouth?water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。3 .形容词转化为动词 Wewilltryourbestto?better?ourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 Theytriedto?perfect?theworkingconditions.他们努力改善工作条件。4 .形容词转化为名词 Hedidntknowthedifferencebetween?right?and?wrong.他不辨是非。 The?01d?inourvillagearel

3、ivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。5 .形容词转化为副词HoW?long?haveyoulivedthere?你在那儿住多久了？6 .个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 Warmclothesarea?must?inthemountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 Lifeisfullof?ups?and?downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。 Hisargumentcontainstoomany?ifs?and?buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。二.合成法由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词

4、一般看其词，知其意。1 .合成名词 名词/代词+名词？newspaper?blood-test?she-wolf 动词+名词？?typewriter?pickpocket?daybreak 形容词+名词?greenhouse?highway? 副词+名词？overcoat?outside 名词+名词?handwriting?reading-room?freezing-point? 动词+副词/副词+动词？?breakthrough?get-together?outbreak?outcome 名词+介词+名词？sister-in-law?editor-in-chief?2 .合成形容词 名词+形

5、容词/形容词+名词？?world-famous?duty-free?large-scale?long-term 副词+形容词？over-anxious?evergreen 名词+过去分词？man-made?sun-burnt 名词+现在分词？peace-loving?English-speaking 形容词+现在分词？good-looking?easy-going? 副词+过去分词？well-informed?widespread 副词+现在分词？hardworking?far-reaching 形容词+名词+ed?warm-hearted?absent-minded 数词+名词+ed?thr

6、ee-legged?ten-storied 数词+名词?one-way?five-star 数词+名词+形容词？ten-year-old?800-meter-long 名词+to+名词？face-to-face?door-to-door?3 .合成动词名词+动词？baby-sit?sleepwalk?副词+动词？outnumber?underestimate?overwork1 形容词+动词？whitewash4 .合成副词形容词+名词？meanwhile?anyway形容词+副词？everywhere?anyhow副词+副词？however介词+名词？beforehand?overhead介

7、词+副词？forever?5 .合成代词代词宾格+self/selves?herself?themselves物主代词+self/selves?myself?yourselves?形容词+名词？anything?nothing6 .合成介词副词+名词？inside?outside介词+副词？without?within副词+介词？into三.派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1.前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。（1）表示否定意义的前缀 un-?unhappy?unfinished?undress dis-?disagr

8、ee?disbelieve in-il-（在字母l前），im-（在字母m,b,p前），ir-（在字母r前）?inaccurate?illegal?impolite?imbalance?irregular mis-?misbehave?mislead?mistake non-?nonstop?nonsmoker（2）表示其他意义的前缀 en-?”使enrich?enlarge?encourage inter-?”相互international?intercontinental re-?”再，又，重rethink?retell?recycle tele-?”远程的telescope?telepho

9、ne?telegraph auto-?“自动的automatic?automobile co-?“共同coworker?cooperatecoexist anti-?”反对，抵抗“antiwar?antifreeze?antinuclear multi-?多multistorymulticultural?multicolorbi-?“双，二bicyclebilingual?bilateral micro-?”极小的，微小的“microwave?microcomputer over-?”太多，过分overwork?overdo?overestimate self-?”自己，本身self-cent

10、eredself-confident?self-control under-?”在下面，下的，不足的“underline,underground,?underestimate,underrate2.后缀（1）形容词后缀 -able?“可的，具有的“acceptable?drinkable?knowledgeable?reasonable? -al?”与有关的“physical,magical,political -an?”属于某地方的人American?African? -ern?”方向southern,northern,eastern -ful/less?（没）有的helpful,usefu

11、l,?homeless,hopeless -ish?”如的；有特征的“foolish?childish?selfish -ive?”有倾向的“active?attractive?expensive -en?”由制成的“golden?wooden?woolen -ous?”有（性质）的“famous,dangerous,poisonous -ly?”有性质的“friendly?yearly?daily -y?”构成形容词noisy?dusty?cloudy（2）名词后缀 -er/or?”表人或用具”?farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container

12、-ese?”某国（人）的“Chinese,Japanese -ian?”某国、某地人；精通的人musician,Asian,Russian,technician -ist?”某种主义或职业者physicist,scientist,communist,socialist -ess?”表女性，雌性hostess,actress,princess -ment?”行为或其状态government,movement,achievement -ness?”性质，状态illness,sadness,carelessness -tion?”动作，过程，结果invention,organization,tran

13、slation -ance/ence?”抽象；行为、性质、状态importance,appearance,absence,existence -th?”性质、情况”?depth,warmth,truth? -ful?”（满的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful -（a）bility?抽象、性质、状态possibility,disability,reliability -al?”过程、状态survival,arrival,approval -y?”性质、情况”modesty,delivery,honesty -dom?”处于状态；性质freedom,boredom -age?”状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage,storage,marriage(3)动词后缀 -fy/ify?”使得；变得“？simplify,beautify,purify -en?”使成为；变得?shorten,deepen,sadden -ize