词法之名词的数与格

1、词法之名词的数与格1概念引入什么是名词？名词是表示人，事物和抽象概念的词，在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词和普通 名词；可数名词和不可数名词等。简单地说：noun is every thing.2用法讲解一,名词的数。1.可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词可以用数字计数的名词，称为可数名词。 可数名词有单数形式和复数形式。book （单数）books （复数） 可数名词可以被冠词a/ an修饰。a book 一本书an English dictionary 一本英语词典可数名词表示具体数量时，如果数量超过 一个，可以直接用基数词修饰。two books两本书 four bo

2、ys四个男孩可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形 式要随着名词的单复数形式而变化。她的朋友来自澳大利亚。Her friendfrom Australia.她的朋友们来自澳大利亚。Her friends from Australia.常用来修饰可数名词的词有：few. a few, many, some, any, a lot of, lots of 等。I have many.我有很多朋友。Theresomeon the table, 桌子上有一些花。（2）不可数名词 不能用数字计数，必须通过容量等计量单位来表示 量的名词，是不可数名词。不可数名词没有单数形式和 复数形式的区别。air空气（正

3、确） airs空气（错误） 不可数名词的前面不能用不定冠词修饰。bread面包（正确）a bread 一片面包（错误）不可数名词的量的变化要通过修饰它的词的单复数 变化来表示。a glass of water 一杯水twoof water 两杯水a piece of paper 一张纸twoof paper 两张纸不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Waterimportant to us.水对我们来说很重要。 常用来修饰不可数名词的词有：little, a little, much, some, any, a lot of, lots of。Therea little water in

4、 the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。Theresome milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。2 .可数名词复数的变化。可数名词的复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式： 规则变化遵循以下规律：(1)一般情况下，许多名词的复数形式是在名词的后面加 字母Sboy -pen -book - pencil -以字母S , X , sh , ch结尾的名词,在单词的后面加-esclass - box - watch -以辅音字母十y结尾的单词，把y变为i再加心baby - family -(4)部分以字母“o”结尾的单词变复数时加一eshero -(英雄)一些外来词如photo,

5、piano加Negro -potato _tomato -(黑人)以字母f或者fe结尾的单词，先把字母f/fe变为字母leaf - knife-V再加-eswife- wolf-有些名词的复数是不规则变化child -tooth -sheep - man- foot- deer-二.名词的所有格。名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有或所属关系的，译成汉语是“的)名词的所有格可以分为：加飞的所有格；用of连接两个名词的所有格和双重所有格。1 . 'S所有格的用法。(1)一般情况下直接在名词后加's就可以构 成名词的所有格，这种所有格主要用于有生 命的东西。the boys bag男孩

6、的书包,men's room男厕所(2)以s结尾的名词只需要在词尾加'构成所铺the twins' room双胞胎的房间(3)'s所有格也RJ用于表示时间、城市、地 域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation 我彳门一点也 没有犹豫就接受了邀请。New York s population is much larger than Washington's.纽约的人口 比华盛顿多得多。(4)表示两人或多人各自的所属关系，要在 各个词尾分别加飞;表示两人

7、或多人共同的 所属关系时，只需在最后一个词尾加飞Mark s and Sam s beds马克和萨姆的床(两人各有一张床)Mark and Sain's room马克和萨姆的房间(两人同住一个房间)(5)表示某人的家、店铺、办公室时，常省 略s后回的名词house, shop和office等。my uncle's = my uncle's house 我叔叔家the doctor s = the doctor's office 医生的诊所2 .of所有格的用法。(l)Of所有格一般用于无生命的 东西的名词中。a map of the world 世界地图the

8、windows of the room 房间的窗户（2）如果名词有一个较长的定 语，尽管名词表示有生命的东 西，也可以用这种所有格形式。the long and beautiful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴（3）某些of所有格和's所有格可含义相同the son of a worker=a worker's son 个工人的 J L子以互换。含义小同an old woman's story 个老人的故事（老人自己讲的故事）the story of an old woman 一个老人的故事（别人讲的关于这个 老人的故事）3 .双重所

9、有格及其用法。'S所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成“。计所有格”形式，即双重所有格。它通常表示部分概念， 即全体中的一部分。two good friends of mine我的好朋友中的两个a friend of my sister's我姐姐的一个朋友注意以下表达的区别：a picture of him他（本人）的照片a picture of his他（所有的照片中）的一张照片基础练习一、单选题1 .Would you like to have coffee?A. anyB. lot2 .There are five and 30 in our class.C.

10、 someA. Germany; China B. Germans; Chineses C. Gennans; Chinese3.The boy is so hungry. He is eager to have for breakfast.D. lotsD. German; Chinese一What a poor boy!A. two bread4.We are busy. We haveB. two breadsto do.C. two pieces of breadA. many homework B. a lot of homeworksC. much homeworksD. a lo

11、t of homework5.1 know all myA. teachers*6.Science isA. Gina7. What isbirthdays.B. teachers favorite subject.B. Gina's brother?C. teachefsD. teacherC. GinasD. Ginas,He is a policeman.A. Jim's and Paul'sB. Jim and PaulC. Jim and Paul'sD. Jim's and Paul8.In this school, there are si

12、xty-fiveA. woman teachersB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teacher9.This isA. Tom and JackB. Tom's and Jack's10 .We usually have a 7-day holiday (假期)during (在A. National Day11 .The girl needs 一 A. two pair of shoe12 .一Do you like B. May DayB. two pairs of shoe ?Yes, I likeA. apple; t

13、hemvery much.13.You can see someA. orangeB. apples; it on the table. B. tomatoesC. Tom's and Jack期间)C. Children's DayC. two pairs of shoesC. apples; theseC. bananaD. Tom and Jack'sD. Women's DayD. two pair of shoesD. apples; themD. hamburgerroom. Mine is next to it.二、选词填空（词汇运用）(cousi

14、n/cousin's) birthday. Let's have a party!14 .Today is my15 .Who are they?They are my一16 .Are those your(parent/parents).(friend/friends)?一No. I don't know them.17 .This is(BettyXBetty) room.18 .Jim's father and Cindy's father are . (workerworkers)三、语法填空一1.1 1 usually brush my(too

15、th) in the morning.20 .When do you brush your(tooth)?21 .There are three(piano) in our school.22 .Do you make any(friend) here?23 .There are five(people) in my family.24 .My father likes taking(photo).25 .The students are doing different(thing).26 .(Kate) desk is next to my desk.27 .These(man) are w

16、orking in the field.28 .There are fifteen(woman) in this street.29 .We want to go to different(school).30 .My mother buys many(tomato) every week.31 l.She is forty(year) old.32 .The two(girl) are Kate and Linda.1.1 It is my(father) cup.(Sunday).34 .They always play volleyball with their friends on F

17、ridays and35 .His(father) birthday is on June 4th.36 .They can go there on(child) Day.37 .How much are the(shoe)?38 .He always has some(apple) for dinner.39 .David likes(rice) and vegetables for dinner.40 .Tom and Jack are basketball(star).41 .Today is(Mary) birthday.42 .Here are some red and green(

18、apple).43 .Some(vegetable) are on the table.四、改错题 、44 . For many student, it is easy to get to school.1. .1 don*t have much times for lunch.46. You need to brush your tooth after eating.47. This trip opened my eye.48.One of the students in our class is from Canada.49.We are in the same school, but w

19、e have different teacher.5O.She has long legs, but her foot are small.提升练习I.写出下列单词的复数形式。1. apple2. pear3. orange4. banana5. strawberry一 6. hamburger7. tomato_8. potato9. boy10. baby11. knife_12. busII.根据句意，从括号中选择恰当的词填空。1. - Whose book is that?-t，s(Kate's / Kate)2. Let's go to my(uncle / uncl

20、e s) after school.3. He is a friend of my(father / father's)4. That's photo It is very beautifiil.(Lily and Lucy's / Lily's and Lucy s)5. These are bikes. (Jim and Sam's / Jim's and Sam s)III.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1 .March 8th is Day. (woman).2 .The shop sells(妇女)handbags.3 I ll give

21、my English teacher a card for Day. (teacher)4.1 t's only ten walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)5.When is(mother) Day?N.单项选择。1. Is that your? Yes, it is. Thank you.A. book B. a book C. books D. the book2. Mr. Black is a friend of.A. Jack's aunfs B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's

22、 D. aunt's of Jack3. Look! Those are your. You can use them.A. book B. the book C. books D. a book4. Don't worry. Your son will come back in hour.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. There are three in my family.A. boy B. boys C. boies D. a boy6. There are ten in the picture.A. sheeps B. deers C. horse

23、D. cows7. Look at these. They are my family members.A. photos B. photoes C. a photo D. the photo8. Susan has friends in China , she's very lonely.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little9. Look? These books not yours.are your father's.A. is; It B. are; They C. are; It D. is; They10. There is fo

24、od on the table.A. lot of B. a lot C. lots of D. lots11. Mr. Black is _. But he likes to drive a _ car.A. English; Chinese B. an English; China C. an England; China s D. English; Japan 12. Lily and Lucy are from.A. English B. Chinese C. England D. French13. Can you buy some eggs for dinner, mum?Oh,

25、no. There are on the table.A. a box of egg B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs14. The bus station is about fivefrom his home.A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters15. Our math teacher has daughter.A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an

26、8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds16. It will take us walk to get there.A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one and half hours D. one and a half hours' 17. There are many in our school.A. woman teachers B. man teachers C. women teachers D. men's teachers18. In the picture you can see

27、a and many _.A. cat, sheeps B. cat, sheep C. sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps19. Those stole a few yesterday.A. thiefs, fishes B. thieves, fish C. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish20. Tlie room is too small, there,s no enough for another chair.A. rooms B. room C. place D. spaces21. How many are there in these

28、?A. tomatoes, photo B. tomatoes, photos C. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo22. The little boy has two.A. geese B. tooth C. dog D. cat23. What it is today!A. a nice weather B. nice weather C. nice a weather D. good a climate24.1 want and two apples for lunch.A. a piece of bread B. two piece of bread

29、s C. two piece of bread D. a pieces of bread 25. Jack won the boys'race in our school sports meetmg yesterday.A. 1500-metre B.1500-metres C.1500-metre's D. 3000 meters1. .1 like that son of.A. Jim's sister B. Jim sister's C. Jim's sister's D. sister's Jini27. You must fin

30、ish the work in.A. two weeks time B. two weeks5 time C. nvo week's time D. one weeks time528. This isroom. Come in, please.A. John and Joy B. Jolm and Joy's C. Jolm's and Joy's D. John's and Joy29. That man is.A. a friend of my father B. my father friend C. a friend of my father&

31、#39;s D. one of my father friend 30.Day is on September 10th.A. Teacher B. Teacher s C. Teachers' D. Children's31. She gave us on how to keep fit.A. few advices B. some advice C. an advice D. some suggestion32. Some came to our city for a visit yesterday.A. Germans B. Germen C. Frenchman D.

32、American33. That table is made of.A. glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. some woods34. She has read of the good-looking writer.A. works B. work C. job D. career35. How many were there on the road when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples36. Excuse me.where is the ?A. wo

33、man*s room B. women1 room C. men's rooms D. men rooms37. In a few time, those old houses will be pulled down.A. year B. years* C. year's D. years38. This is a pencil of.A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him39. After he checked up my heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few weeks rest for

34、a few weeks.A. father-in-law's B. father's-in-law C. father- in- law D.father's-in-law,s40. She is in herbut she looks very young.A. sixty B. sixties C. twenty D. twenties【真题链接】1. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us.A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teach

35、er D. women teachers2. Lily, let's make vegetable salad. How many do we need?-One is enough.A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes3. Mum. it's so hot. Could I have some?A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream基础练习答案解析部分一、单选题17 ,【答案】Betty's34.【答案】Sundays1.【答案】c18 .【答案】workers35.【答案】father's2.【答案】C三、语法填空36.【答案】Children*s3.