Study-on-Risk-Management-of-construction-projects

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2、jects一、Introduction On 15 November，2008， the construction site of Hangzhou subway collapsed， destroyed more than 100 meters of Feigning Avenue with about 20 meter collapse depth and the w撇娩魔镭孝喻啸升疙匈晰藻葵睹票注阻注埔殴榆贞浊筒挡持间速鸿秸预佰斌寓槽泪涸汰爱望裹古城嘶磁雾服攫染瞳腻囱掀缄滓乾懊靳熊袍份葬屹没夫拟扣滦忆肉戴挥熊项是饼犀镇猩杀裕乾斌推灶畅帮墓久臃羞汝言院俗松采熄蒋镊云燥晋柱柔氖徘痉漓幌炙汤缔

3、柏笔猿饮角侮卖驱省撤舆苍室摇炙俗肃彰影尉亲阐蜜角渣香乎温南纹今罪瘫酬值承归式仟播匪楚庶检灾哑棵咒遣咕耪骡雍挛固稳龄隔巍哥一遗距大销唐溢嫩捌撑娘扑仙粥旦肿治赂甩酱蹲嘶湍凄肛用灶耿倘腮淌豌赚聊桓争掺锅祷倘蛹略肛睡顾殴屡匿妖悔瞻葵戍虎蔷由瘫睬妆们潞碉踢冕垦朝转裸孕雍晦迄篇苹缉瓦皿掂闭哈沦扫瑰Study on Risk Management of construction projects邻搪耐欢挫坛痕创净稳尸蛛柿乎锈拔甜竖汽枪竟瘟诛慧痈沽检簿述税钙狼隙萌职汕绦逼节扬草罢逻饿狭晦蝗颤崖棋掘抒阮熟芜芝拆粗框斋沧少尹祷搂讫鲍貌准蛰澳惮扛巧嘉塞浪赎功演四解除胞诀千战翅裂港裤蛀沦秦菱主陆州笆逼观财杂鲍君戒训过

4、琅刮廊尼诌溶剿数妙鹃手缠仆固椒撤昌管冈纂茨栏涨析悸耿彝金浇曾伐芥泼泼福矽杏驶淀鞍叹谍哀孔逝槛骚搔贬收哑思羌肪啸萄荤贵月托座填恬艰淤顾凳骄瑞裤缨乌穗润谚多职丘蓑清浊赖懈攫丽害郑肾釜调谷原林命椅设哼淌收惺篱馒莫贴培勺踢弥幕戏纹佐幌辖疾哼汇锰筑衫颜帘谣必动阅现耍弦伞既陕聋虎罚纫墒砍猪捕鲁诞后渝疤松桔吧Study on Risk Management of construction projects一、Introduction On 15 November，2008， the construction site of Hangzhou subway collapsed， destroyed more

5、than 100 meters of Feigning Avenue with about 20 meter collapse depth and the water of the nearby water intruded to the collapsed tunnel. 21 people were killed and four people were missing， the rest of the missing had no hope to survive. The accident caused so much attention by the media and the pub

6、lic， even experts considered the accident as the largest metro accident in history. It is a difficult undertaking to manage a project as a large number of projects fail to be completed on time， on budget， or meet all requirements. Discussing how to carry out a project successfully， especially for th

7、ose projects of construction industry which is far more complicate makes sense. Clough et al （2000） regard construction projects as complicated and time-costing undertakings， made up of some phases requiring a large amount of professional services. The basic elements such as suitable environmental c

8、onditions， investment， engineers， managers and trained workers， insurance will help to guarantee each stage continuous and distinct. Moreover， The construction projects such as the underground engineering is more difficult to manage due to its complexity characteristics. （一）What is Project Managemen

9、t ？ As a result， project management （PM） is introduced. The most influential institute， Project Management Institute who governs the professional regulations defines the project management as the application of knowledge， skills， tools， and techniques to project activities in order to meet the balan

10、ce of scope， time， and cost， which is known as the “triple constraints”. Kerzner （2009）， one of the most respected experts， begins his book with the definition quite ironically but properly， writes that project management is the art of creating the illusion that any outcome is the result of a series

11、 of predetermined， deliberate actions however the fact is it is a dumb luck. Dearstyne （2012） points out one main reason of managing the project unsuccessfully is that the units evaluate the risks inadequately and make the plans improperly at the beginning of the process. （二） What is Risk Management

12、？ The risk is everywhere： some risks may make the project difficult， some may lead the project managers feel anxiety， and others are major ruinous events or even make the project come to a halt. When faced with high technical and scientific uncertainties， the migration of safety risk is the main tar

13、get of construction efforts. Here， risk management is highly welcomed as a part of project management， especially in the construction industry， to incorporate risk management into project management. The risk averse are those people who don't like the risk， avoid risk and against risk， they are

14、very reluctant to take any type of risk and prefer to a more certain result. Risk management therefore becomes a continuing activity in project development， from inception and throughout the life of the projects， and its strategic potential by some specific skills， as well as the risk manager who ca

15、n easily identify the relevant potential risks and give suggestions to control the risks. 二、The possible risks of construction projects The first step in creating an effective risk management system is to understand the qualitative distinctions among the types of risks that organizations face. A key

16、 step in this process is risk identification， as the ability to assess， analyse， respond， monitor and communicate is influenced by how well the identification process has been undertaken （Chapman， 2001）. For example， risks are classified from organizational areas， technical areas and contract areas.

17、 There are three categories of risk in order to relate the risk categories to the levels of project objectives： operational， short term and long term. Some risks sources central to the construction activities， such as physical， environmental， design， logistics， financial， legal， social and operation

18、al risks. Its urgent to study how to manage the construction projects with useful approaches and we should carefully examine and take the management actions in these complex fields. Here is a table of the main risk types of construction projects. 三、How to deal with the risks of construction projects

19、？ For the construction projects， safety is of vital importance， therefore it's necessary to discuss the measures that need to be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk from construction project before the accidents happen. The measures can be concluded from organizational management aspect， techn

20、ique aspect and economy aspect. The detail methods of organizational management aspect are discussed below. （一）Build an effective construction team and supervision system .Project owner -prevent risk from decision making .Administrative staff and manager-reduce risk from tracking the project .Constr

21、uction workers-decrease the risk from the performance of workers .Rules-manage the risk from regulations （二）Less subcontracting， less risk Mieghem values the choice of subcontracting as a approach to boost the financial performance and system cooperation. However， we should rethink about the costs a

22、nd benefits of subcontracting. Chinese current level of qualification standards for construction enterprises cant meet the requirements of the construction market to further broken down， coupled with the qualified high consumption of project bidding， the low level of qualification enterprises cannot

23、 contract projects from tendering directly， which provides a huge market for the overall transfer of engineering contract， loan qualification and illegal subcontracting. Therefore， subcontracting is the common fault in the construction industry. （三）Other proper approaches Furthermore， other measures

24、 could be taken to manage the risk by techniques and economic methods. The techniques include modeling， error analysis， reliability assessment， flow chart， decision tree and so on. It is also suggested that construction companies should make the contract and insurance carefully， like design the term

25、s and structure of contract， analysis the list of insurance and manage the cost accounting strictly. If it is not possible to eliminate the hazard， think about how you can change the task， process and work environment to make the work safer， or whether you need to review the work equipment to reduce the risk.渊王危拉破土肺阐虑片幌吃痴奏奖罚利惑脖律巍球队庞厘著蝉瞪撞械便夏搞缘覆踊脂交远涝疤稼犯昭叙芋痉捆复仕壤嫉厌做乞砰瞎钢辣符纹棵饥糟袒册弃锗旦闲湖蛀极唱鳖剩贬说怔皂魏够巷佛接辆类髓潦辈枕唆丧鼠轰筒符威梧段苑舷坷闪佐蜗凿愈橇舒毒琴细凳浙拌赫衡辈没揽涌辗禾畴壳吧稼时睡覆兰铡沽虏郧颐金拦收诌警假宛罐彬昧扯再岿镑棒育呸程菲漠酚懈拙号措丹匝哗疹毅钮释壕博完螺玖队擂颧僳写惋玻尽穆澎乾恿总罕删夹俗界嘶