海明威简介及其作品分析

1、Ernest Hemingway (18991961) 1899-1961 Oak Park, IllinoisSecond child in a family of six Hunting and fishingYoung Hemingway fishing in Michigan in 1904 Reporter in the Kansas City Star newspaper Red Cross volunteerWounded Decorated by the Italian government Ernest Hemingway as an American Red Cross v

2、olunteer in Italy, 1918Marriage Paris, FranceTravel EuropeIn Our Time The Sun Also RisesErnest Hemingway and Hadley Hemingway in Switzerland, 1922NobelPrizeWinnerin1954Toavoidtheuseofadjectives,esp.suchextravagantonesassplendid,gorgeous,grand,magnificentetc.Attainedthepreferencesforshortsentences,sh

3、ortfirstparagraphsandvigorousEnglishThe Sun Also Rises (1926)JakeBarnesRobertCohnBrettAshleySpanish Civil War & World War The Pulitzer Prize in 1953 The Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954Commit Suicide in 1961vIn Our Time 在我们的时代里在我们的时代里 1925vThe Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起太阳照样升起 1926vA Farewell To Arm

4、s 永别了，武器永别了，武器1929 vFor Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣丧钟为谁而鸣1940vThe Old Man and the Sea 老人与海老人与海1952.Men Without Women 没有女人的男人没有女人的男人 Green Hills of Africa 非洲的青山非洲的青山Across the River and Into the Trees过河入过河入林林A Clean, Well-Lighted Place一个清洁、明亮一个清洁、明亮的地方的地方 A Days Wait 一天的等待一天的等待 Garden Of Eden 伊甸园伊甸园Th

5、e Snows of Kilimanjaro 乞力马扎罗的雪乞力马扎罗的雪The Fifth Column第五纵队第五纵队The Killers 杀人者杀人者 In Our Time (1925)Hemingways first book of stories The effect of war on a young man The Sun Also Rises (1926)The book was an immediate success. Young Americans in Europe after World War The Lost Generation“-a group of wa

6、ndering, amusing, but aimless people, who are caught in the war and removed from the path of ordinary life. For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)A volunteer American guerrilla fighting in the Spanish Civil War Theme-Anti-fascism His dying convinces people that life is worth living and there are causes worth

7、 dying for The Old Man and the Sea (1952)Published first in Life magazine in 1952, restored again his fame and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature An old Cuban fisherman and his battle with a giant marlin- a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable

8、 natural forces Having no facility for speech-making and no command of oratory nor any domination of rhetoric, I wish to thank the administrators of the generosity of Alfred Nobel for this Prize. No writer who knows the great writers who did not receive the Prize can accept it other than with humili

9、ty. There is no need to list these writers. Everyone here may make his own list according to his knowledge and his conscience. It would be impossible for me to ask the Ambassador of my country to read a speech in which a writer said all of the things which are in his heart. Things may not be immedia

10、tely discernible in what a man writes, and in this sometimes he is fortunate; but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he possesses he will endure or be forgotten. Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writers loneliness

11、 but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day. For a true writer each book should be a new beginning wher

12、e he tries again for something that is beyond attainment. He should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and failed. Then sometimes, with great luck, he will succeed. How simple the writing of literature would be if it were only necessary to write in another wa

13、y what has been well written. It is because we have had such great writers in the past that a writer is driven far out past where he can go, out to where no one can help him. I have spoken too long for a writer. A writer should write what he has to say and not speak it. Again I thank you.Literary Po

14、int of View:EssentiallyanegativewriterHoldsablack,naturalisticviewoftheworldandseesitas“allanothing”SeeslifeintermsofbattlesandtensionThetypicalHemingwaysituationsareusuallycharacterizedbychaosandbrutalityandviolence,bycrimeanddeath,andsport,harddrinkingandsexualpromiscuity.Code Herowoundedbutstrong

15、,moresensitivityandactionbutlesswords,enjoyspleasureoflife(sex,alcohol,sport),infaceofruinanddeathandmaintainsanidealofhimself.Writing Style Healwaysmanagestochoosewordsconcrete,specific,morecommonlyfound,moreAnglo-Saxon,casualandconversational,andemploystheminasyntaxofshortsimplesentences,whichareo

16、rderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.Hisdistinctivewritingstyleischaracterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement.Heusedunderstate-mentandomissionwhichmakethetextmultilayeredandrichinallusions.Iceberg Principle“TheDignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”Heb

17、elievesthattheabovepartmustbeimplicitandmultiple,andtheunderpartisforthereaderstoimagine.only a small portion of what the writer knows is included in the book, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. A good writer does not need to reveal e

18、very detail of a character or action. Iceberg Theory A Farewell to ArmsPlotSummaryA Farewell to ArmsopensinItalyduringtheFirstWorldWar.Thenovelsmaincharacter,FredericHenry,isayoungAmericanservingasasecondlieutenantintheItalianArmyandworksasanambulancedriver.HisfriendRinaldi,agood-lookingItaliansurge

19、on,introducesFredericHenrytoCatherineBarkley,whoisdescribedasatall,beautifulwomanwithlongblondehair.Heisverymuchattractedtoherandwouldliketobecomeromanticallyinvolvedwithher.AlthoughCatherinerespondstohisfirstattempttokissherbyslappinghim,theygraduallybecomemoreandmoreinterestedineachother.Fredericf

20、eelsindifferentaboutthewargoingonaroundhim,feelingthatithaslittletodowithhim.Onedayinadugout(防空洞),ashellwoundsFredericbadly,andheistakentoafieldhospitalandthentransferredtoanAmericanhospitalinMilan.Soonafter,Catherinecomestothehospitaltovisithimandeventuallymanagestostayandworkatthehospital.Frederic

21、andCatherinebeginspendingnightstogetherwhilesheisonnight-dutyinthehospital.GraduallyFredericfindshimselffallingmoreandmoreinlovewithCatherine.BeforeFredericleavesforthefront,Catherineannouncesthatsheispregnant.FredericHenryreturnstothefront,realizingquicklythatthemenatthefronthavelosttheirspiritandd

22、riveinthewar.HemingwaydescribesthemassiveItalianretreatfromthetownofCaporettowhentheGermanandAustrianforcesbeganmovingagainsttheminOctober,1917.FredericcomestoalongwoodenbridgeontheTagliamentoRiver,wheremilitarypolice,thecarabinieri(宪兵),areseizingtheirownItalianofficersandexecutingthemforcallingther

23、etreat.Fredericisdetained,buthebreaksfreeandjumpsintotherivertoescape.FredericfloatsdowntheriverandeventuallyjumpsatrainheadedforMilanandCatherine.Sickofthewarandfinishedwithfightingforanationthatisnotevenhisown,FredericiswellcontenttomakehisfarewelltoarmsandtodeserthispostintheItalianarmy.Duringara

24、instorm,thebartenderinthehotelwarnsFredericthatheisindangerofbeingcaughtasadeserterbytheauthoritiesandsuggeststhatFredericandCatherineborrowhisboatandescapeacrossthelakeintoSwitzerland.FredericrowsallnightandarriveinSwitzerland,theyarearrested,butFredericexplainsthattheyaretouristsandthattheyhavecom

25、etoSwitzerlandforthewintersports.Becausetheyhaveagoodbitofmoneyandvalidpassports,theauthoritiesletthemgo.FredericandCatherinetraveltoMontreuxandspendahappyandromanticfallinasmallchalet(小木屋)amidstthemountainpines.WhenCatherineisreadytogivebirth,FrederictakeshertoahospitalinLausanne.Catherineslaborise

26、xtremelydifficult,andthedoctorgivesherlaughinggastoeasethepain.Whenitisclearthatsheisnotgoingtobeabletogivebirthtothechildnaturally,thedoctortriestodeliveritbycesareansection,butthebabyisalreadydead.AnursesendsFredericouttogetsomethingtoeat.Whenhereturns,helearnsthatCatherinehasbeguntohemorrhage.The

27、doctorisunabletostopthebleeding,andCatherinesconditiongraduallyworsens.OncesheandFredericsaygood-bye,Catherineslipsintounconsciousnessandsoondies.Catherineisgone.Fredericwalksbacktothehotelaloneintherain. Analysis of Major CharactersFrederic Henry Inthesectionsofthenovelinwhichhedescribeshisexperien

28、ceinthewar,Henryportrayshimselfasamanofduty.Heattachestothisunderstandingofhimselfnosenseofhonor,nordoesheexpectanypraiseforhisservice.Evenafterhehasbeenseverelywounded,hediscouragesRinaldifrompursuingmedalsofdistinctionforhim.Timeandagain,throughconversationswithmenlikethepriest,EttoreMoretti,andGi

29、no,Henrydistanceshimselffromsuchabstractnotionsasfaith,honor,andpatriotism.Conceptssuchasthesemeannothingtohimbesidesuchconcretefactsofwarasthenamesofthecitiesinwhichhehasfoughtandthenumbersofdecimated(严重破坏的)streets.Henry isadisillusionedmanofthemodernworldsearchingforsomevaluesorsomesystemthathecan

30、believein.Heisalonesomeandconfusedandrestlessman.Hedoesnotfunctionwellinthiswhirlwindexistenceofdisorderandconfusion.HidbasicdesiretoderivesomecodeoflifebywhichhecanlivecauseshimfirsttoattachhimselftoCatherineBarkley.Laterheseesintheirrelationshipatypeoforder,atypeofcommitmenttoaregularexistence.Ult

31、imatelyintheendofthenovel,Henrycomestotherealizationthatlifecanbefacedonlyifhedevelopswithinhimselfaninnerstrengthandinnerdisciplinewhichwillallowhimtomeetallencounterswiththesamegraceunderpressure.Catherine BarkleyWiththeadventoffeministcriticism,readershavebecomemorevocalabouttheirdissatisfactionw

32、ithHemingwaysdepictionsofwomen,which,accordingtocriticssuchasLeslieA.Fiedler,tendtofallintooneoftwocategories:overlydominantshrews,likeLadyBrettinThe Sun Also Rises,andoverlysubmissiveconfections,likeCatherineBarkleyinA Farewell to Arms.Hemingwaywasathisbestdealingwithmenwithoutwomen;whenhestartedto

33、involvefemalecharactersinhiswriting,herevertedtouncomplicatedstereotypes.AFarewelltoArmscertainlysupportssuchareading:itiseasytoseehowCatherinesblissfulsubmissiontodomesticity,especiallyatthenovelsend,mightranklecontemporaryreadersforwhomlinessuchas“Imhavingachildandthatmakesmecontentednottodoanythi

34、ng”suggestabygoneerainwhichawomansworkcenteredaroundmaintainingahomeandfillingitwithchildren.She is a loving, dedicated woman whose desire and capacity for a redemptive, otherworldly love makes her the inevitable victim of tragedy.She is a static character. She dies as she had lived, with honesty, w

35、ith discipline, and with courage.“Its just a dirty trick.” Themes1.TheGrimRealityofWarThenoveloffersmasterfuldescriptionsoftheconflictssenselessbrutalityandviolentchaos:thesceneoftheItalianarmysretreatremainsoneofthemostprofoundevocationsofwarinAmericanliterature.2.TheRelationshipBetweenLoveandPainI

36、ftheyaretoachievephysical,emotional,andpsychologicalhealing,theyhavefoundtheperfectplaceinthesaferemoveoftheSwissmountains.Thetragedyofthenovelrestsinthefactthattheirlove,evenwhengenuine,canneverbemorethantemporaryinthisworld.SymbolsRainRainservesinthenovelasapotentsymboloftheinevitabledisintegrationofhappinessinlife.CatherineinfusestheweatherwithmeaningassheandHenrylieinbedlisteningtothestormoutside.Astherainfallsontheroof,Cather