旅游环境解说-理论与实践：复习

1、Environment Interpretation Orientation and Introduction 前言前言Benefits of Interpretation 解说的益处（作用）Educational Benefit: 教育作用Recreational Benefits：娱乐作用Inspirational Benefits：激励和鼓舞的作用Benefits to Society 对社会有益Summary Chapter 1 . Origin and Development of Tourism Environment Interpretation Definition of In

2、terpretation 解说定义解说定义2. Interpretation Roots 2.1 Interpretation in China 2.2 Interpretation in North America 2.2.1 Figures 人物人物(1) Enos Mills (1870-1922) (2) Charles M. Goethe(3) Ansel Hall （4）Freeman Tilden（1883-1980）Slide 美国国家解说协会是由哪两个协会合并而成？ Chapter 2 Theoretical Bases and Principles of Interpret

3、ation 解说理论基础和原则Reading: Ham, S. 1992. Environment interpretation- A practical Guide. P 4-8 Mr. Jones story解说和课堂教学的区别？ 1 Receiving and Processing Information and Ideas. 解说认知4种形态，3种领域 （three domains ） 中英文都要记2. Major Learning Theories and useful strategies2.1 Cognitive Development Theory 认知发展理论2.2 Soci

4、al cognition theory 社会认知理论2.3 Moral Development Theory 道德发展理论道德发展理论* slide 332.4 Constructive Learning or Meaning making 构建性学习或发现意构建性学习或发现意义义3. Interpretive programs and strategiesFlow learning （顺流学习法) ,stages 4. Principals for interpretation 解说原则 Freeman Tilden concluded six principles Chapter 3 In

5、terpreters and Audience 2. Audience 2.1 Segmenting Demand 细分需求 2.2 Visitor preference(偏好） studies 2.3 Knowledge of the Audience Old Adults Three most common ailments: Arthritis（关节炎）Hearing loss （听力衰退）Visual impairment（视力下降）Chapter 4 . The Methods of Environmental Interpretive Exhibition and Conveyin

6、g 环境解说展示设计及传达方法4.1 Writing for Interpretation 4.1.1 How to write a theme statement Theme should be: 主题应该主题应该: 4.1.2 Being Thematic in Writing Presentation解说与一般的小说、故事的不同解说与一般的小说、故事的不同4.1.3 Writing Techniques for Effective Interpretation( 解说写作技巧）如何写好解说词Three prerequisites(前提,先决条件) to writing require y

7、ou to1 know the purpose 了解目的2 Know the audience 了解观众3 know the subject 了解科目4.2 Signs And Exhibits好的标识和展示：Good exhibits A,B,C4.2.1 Conceptual Design4.2.1.1 Theme Titles and Levels 主题题目和步骤 slide 14-An exhibit design has four levels 展示设计包含4个步骤4.2.5 Adding Interest to Exhibits ( chapter 4, slide 45-) mu

8、seum fatigue4.3 Self-Guiding, Nonpersonal interpretationmedias for self-guided tour Location of the self-guided trail 4.3.3 Design a self-guided trail The length of self-guided trail: slide 18How many stops How do you place the stops Three self-guided trail layout 三种路径布局三种路径布局 Good self-guided trail

9、 好的自导路径 Many of the best self-guided trails have three parts: 原则： What goes into a stop? 4.3.4 Conceptual planning for self-guided tours Five steps to better conceptual plans 博物管馆和游客中心的区别博物管馆和游客中心的区别 Living history first person ，third person ， 两个例子两个例子 ： Plimoth， Williamsburg Visitor center ,slide 3

10、1- 5.5 Case studies on school and community program The communication education programs in two broad categories: 两大类别两大类别: slide 41- 正式和非正式的教育项目Chapter 5 Museums ,visitor centers and Community program Chapter 6 Interpretive Planning 解说规划幻灯片：1-2 解说规划的概念 The essential element : vision （goals and ovje

11、ctives) 解说章程原则要素5步骤 6.2.1 consider the clients 6.2.2 Define the resource: interpretive inventory （清（清单）单） 6.2.3 Develop the themes 6.2.4 Prescribe the interpretive methods and media 6.2.5. Describe how to implement the plan Chapter 7. Evaluation of Interpretation 为什么要进行解说评价？ 展示吸引力指数: simple observations of number of visitors and time spent （对游客数量和所花时间的观察）（对游客数量和所花时间的观察） 阅读：阅读： 1.Ham, S. 1992. Environment interpretation- A