国立国会図书馆近代ー

1、SMART-GS Project: a toolsearching, marking up and linking historical documentsSusumu Hayashi, Kazuaki Kobayashi*), Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Yuuta Hashimoto, Tsukushi Shimizu, Yuuki Tamura, Humanistic Informatics, Kyoto UniversityKengo Teraswa, Hajime ImuraMeme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University*) pres

2、ent address: Goldman Sachs Japan Holdings, Ltd. Technology DivisionBook pages annotated by underlines & marginal notes, etc.2Bookmark by PostIt FlagUnderlineMarginal noteLinked annotations: relationship of annotations3A region marked up by the brace BraceMarginal noteA line linking the region an

3、d the noteAnnotations for historical documents4My text analysis of the diary of 19-20th century German Mathematician David Hilbert, who is said the father of 20th century mathematics.What are we doing?lAnnotating images of book pages and historical documents byladding markups, bookmarks and texts (e

4、.g. marginal notes)lrelating them each other by linksland, further relating them to resources outside: books, papers & Web resources, e.g. references to papers , books and documents in archives.5For the cases of Web and PDF documentslCyber documents, e.g. PDF files and HTML files, can be digital

5、ly annotated in similar ways.lFurthermore, words in such digital documents are searchable.lImagine that historical documents can be digitally annotated and are searchable. Examples of such documents:lhandwriting documents, e.g. Hilberts diary.lImage-base digital archives of books, journals and other

6、 documents, now widely available on Web thanks to some libraries6An example of image-base digital archivesl国立国会図書館近代(National Diet Library, Digital library from the Meiji Era)l143,000 books from Meiji and Taisyo eras are open to the public.7From NDL, Digital library from the Meiji Era; Y. Fukuzawa,

7、Gakushya Anshin-ronThe goal of SMART-GS projectlProviding platforms for marking up, linking and searching historical documents on PC and on the network.lLooks as a dream?lNo, its not a dream!l We have already built a JAVA application SMART-GS with the full functions required except the network featu

8、res. 8Demo of SMART-GS applied to David Hilberts diarylThe document: The first book of D. Hilberts diary: German handwritings from 1885-1892.lSearching a word in the diarylThe word searched is “Kronecker” another German mathematicians family name.lMarking up and linking images and texts lOne-to-Many

9、 LinklSMART-GS used in real researcheslmy research on the diarylKazuhiro Kobayashis graduation research9Working with SMART-GS onthree wide monitors10A snapshot of my desktop. SMART-GS, an online digital archive, wikipedia, and a digital version of early 20th century dictionaryCaution!lSearch is not

10、free!lYou have to specify “lines” of a document to search it.lIt can be almost automatically done for printed documents and “well-formed” documents such as notes written on ruled papers.lFor the worst cases as Hilberts diary, one must specify lines by hands like this11Specifying lines by hands12Towa

11、rds tools on the NetlHistorians with similar interests are often scattered through the globe. They wish to share knowledge for every-day researches, but it is not so easy.lSMART-GS technology will provide an excellent help for world-wide collaborations of a team of historians.lIt may also provide a

12、dramatic improvement on image-base online digital archives of handwritten and/or printed historical documents.lThe key of such network version is the way the annotation was attached to images of historical documents: Gs-file!13Gs-file: an XML file storing annotations and others14 Annotations are con

13、verted into the XML-format and stored in gs-file =+Document imageInside of a gs-file1516Different gs-files provide different views on the same historical textA model of network version-archive model-Archive17Gs-filehistorianreaderGs-filehistorianImagesAnnotation by gs-fileAnnotation by gs-filelHisto

14、rian publish their own gs-files to annotate document images in a public archive.lThey can annotate also gs-files of other historians.Solid line is annotating and looking atBroken line is just looking atA reader can browse views of historians, if a historian makes his view open to the public.Future n

15、etwork version can markup digital archives18Another model of a network version-online collaboration model-lHistorian publish their own document images and gs-files (views). They comment to views of other researchers.19Images+gs-fileImages+gs-filehistorianhistorianreaderImages+gs-filehistorianConclus

16、ionlSMART-GS system has been already applied to a study of a very important diary in the history of mathematics and proved its usefulness.lThere is also a plan to use SMART-GS in a project to transcribe a gigantic diary of Yuuzaburo Kuratomi (1853-1948), a chairman of the privy council.lThe network

17、versions in the future will be useful for research collaborations and using digital archives.20Conclusion (continued)lFor technical and financial reasons, historians must often use secondary sources rather than primary sources. However, the secondary sources are products of “interpretations” of thei

18、r authors!lSMART-GS technology together with online digital archives will provide historians with an easy and reasonable way to use primary sources for their studies. 21The history of the projectlI am a historian of mathematics and logic. I was working on Hilberts diary. lIt is so difficult to read.

19、 Many notes were scribbled. Hilbert wrote no dates, although historians call it “Hilberts mathematical diary”.lThe contents are even more nightmarish! Some statements were simply unbelievable from the conventional knowledge on the history of 19-20th century mathematics.lThus, even natives cannot rea

20、d sometimes. Reading the diary was an extremely complicated task for a Japanese historian who is not really good at German language.lIn 2006, I decided to build a tool which helps my task by converting a software engineering tool SMART, using an image search engine by Terasawa and Imura of Hokkaido University.lSMART was developed in the Faculty of engineering, Kobe university by me and my students. 22The origin of the project (cont.)lMy student Kazuaki Kobayashi built SMART-GS (SMART fr Geschichte