冠词、形容词、副词microsoftword文档(3)

1、语法之- 冠词 冠词 是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词（the）、不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词（即名词前既没有不定冠词和定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象）.重点记住：1)不定冠词a/an用于泛指，定冠词用于特指；2） a用在以辅音音素开头的词，an用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母之前；3） 不可用冠词的几种场合（三餐、球类名称、季节、星期、节日、学科等名称的名词前不用冠词）4） 必须用冠词的场合（序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名词、独一无二的事物前等）特别提示 有些短语中的冠词属于习惯用法，是不能改动的。如：1. a 用于表示价格、频率

2、、速度。例如：three times a day, once a month, 100miles an hour.2. a 用于表示时间、距离的“一段”。例如： have a good time, have a long walk.3. a和一些物质名词连用，表示“一场”“一阵”。例如：a heavy rain, a wonderful tea.4. a和一些由动词转化而来的名词连用，表“一（次）；一（下）”。例如：have a look/ have a drink / have a talk/ have a try/ have a rest/ have a swim.5. “so+形容词+a

3、+单数名词”固定结构。so clever a boy=such a clever boy; “what+a+形容词+单数名词”固定结构。 What a clever boy he is!=How clever the boy is!6.固定短语:the only+名词; the same+名词考点一：不定冠词a/an用于泛指，定冠词用于特指The book on the desk is a useful one.Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is a pretty city.考点二：a用在以辅音音素开头的词，an用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母之

4、前Mike is an American boy. He studies in a university in Lanzhou.考点三：不可用冠词的几种场合（三餐、球类名称、季节、星期、节日、学科等名称的名词前不用冠词，也称零冠词）Have you had your breakfast at home?The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn.We often have sports after class, and I like to play basketball.Everyone in China likes Mid-Au

5、tumn Day.考点四：必须用冠词的场合（序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名词、独一无二的事物前等）I was the first to arrive. He is the best player in the competition.He likes to play the piano but I like to listen to music.She is the only person who was late today. The world is always changing.练习在下列各句的横线上填入必要的冠词，若不需要冠词，用“/”代替1. Thomas Edison was on

6、e of _ greatest inventors in _ world.2. Man is _ only animal that can talk.3. Is Tom _ taller of the two?4. I live in _ northeast of China.5. Children usually go to _ school at the age of six in our country.6. Is Jim good at _ English.选择正确答案1. Fred plays _ piano after _ supper every day.A. the;the B

7、. /; the C.the; / D. a;the2. My birthday is coming. Dale will send me _ e-dog as my birthday present.A. a B.an C.the D./3. Look! There is _ cat in the tree. A.a B.an C.the D./4. There is _ big supermarket in _ center of our city.A. a,the B.the,a C.the,the D./,the5. Yao Ming, _ NBA star, will continu

8、e_matches this season.A. a,the B.the,a C.an,the D.the,an6.Theres _ apple on the table. _ apple is for my little brother.A. a,An B. an,The C. the,An D.the,A7. Lily is _ active girl and she is fond of playing _ volleyball.A. an, / B.a,a C.an,the D.a, /8. - There is _ball on the ground. Would you pleas

9、e pass _ ball to me? - With pleasure.A. a,the B.the,a C. the,the D.a,a9. I wish I could fly to _ moon one day. A.a B. an C./ D.the 10. Mrs. Green lives on _ floor.A. the fifteen B. fifteen C. fifteenth D. the fifteenth11. _ Great Wall is _longest wall in the world.A. A,the B.The,a C.The,the D.A,a12.

10、_ India and China are of _ same continent.A. /,a B.The,the C. /,the D. /,/语法之- 形容词 形容词用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示事物的性质、状态和特征。一般对形容词的考点集中在形容词辨析、形容词原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法；形容词作定语时的位置等。考点一：形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法构成规则原级比较级最高级单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-esthardharderhardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnicenicernicest辅音字母加y结尾的先改y为i,再加-er和-estbusydrybusierd

11、rierbusiestdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbighotfatthinbiggerbiggest双音节词少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词，方法同单音节词happysimplecleverhappierhappiest其他的再前面加more, most 分别构成比较级和最高级carefulusefulmore carefulmost careful多音节在其前面加more 和mostdifficultbeautifulmore difficultmost difficult不规则变化的形容词good

12、/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst little-less-leastmany/much-more-most far-farther/further-farthest/furthest形容词的比较级（用于两者之间的比较）可以单独使用。如：Be more careful next time.This bag is more expensive.也可和than 连用，表示两者相比。如：His school is larger than my school.“as+形容词原级+as”结构表示比较的双方程度相当。Today is as hot as yester

13、day.“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越.,越.”The busier I am,the happier I feel.“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示“越来越.”The summer is coming; it is getting hotter and hotter.形容词的最高级用于三者或以上的比较，其结构一般是“the+形容词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”。She is the tallest among her classmates.This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.形容词的最高级前如果有物主代

14、词，不再加定冠词This is my best friend. I sent you my best wishes.考点二：形容词作定语的位置形容词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词之前。Something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在该不定代词的后面。 副词enough要放在形容词的后面Theres something wrong with your computer.Its easy enough to work out this problem.练习1. Do you think math is _ than English?A. difficult B

15、. as difficult C. more difficult D.most difficult2. I cant eat any more food, Im _.A. busy B.hungry C.full D.serious3. Xian is one of _ capital _ in China.A. older;city B.the older, city C.oldest,cities D.the oldest,cities4. The bus is _ to hold fifty people.A. too big B.very big C.big enough D.enou

16、gh big5. I think autumn is _ season of the year in our city.A. the better B.good C.better D.the best6. There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little B.few C.fewer D.less7. -Which city is your favorite? -Hangzhou, of course. Its the _ place that I want to visit.A. worse B.worst C.bett

17、er D.best8. -In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think. - I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A. as important as B.so important C.the most important D.the same as 9. The more you smile,the _you will feel.A. happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily10. Which country has a _

18、 (large) population, America or Japan?11. Shanghai is one of the _ (big) cities in China.12. Which book is more _ ? (interest)13. Everyone was _ that he passed the exam this time.(surprise)同义句转换，每空一词。14. If you eat more, you will be fatter. The _ you eat, the _ you will be.15. Tim is tall. Ted is ta

19、ller. Tom is taller than Ted.Tom is _ _ _ the three.16. Mary is taller than her sister. Marys sister is _ than her.语法之- 副词 一般对副词的考点集中在副词辨析、副词原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法；副词在句中的位置等。考点一：副词的原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法副词的原级、比较级和最高级的一般变化规则与形容词一致(这类副词大多是由形容词加-ly构成，如carefully,slowly, angrily等)考点二：副词在句中的位置多数副词都可以放在动词的后面或者句末，如果动词带有宾语时，副词就放在宾语后面。有时候副词也可以放在主语后面、谓语动词前面，对动作加以强调。频度副词如ever,never,often,always,usually,hardly等通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后。The necklace looks nice and sells well.I can hardly had time to thank him.English people never use “Mr.”before a mans first na