二战后英国文学史

1、张丹蓓 12134761张子淳12134762赵玉婷12134763甄 涛12134764World War LiteratureBackground|fiction|drama|Poetry|CONTENTS1234|11BackgroundBackground A Brief Introduction of the World War Two:vfrom 1939 to 1945 in Europevfrom at least 1937 to 1945 in Asia.v largest armed conflict : involving more countries powerful

2、new weapons( two atomic bombs) BackgroundHistorical significanceHistorical significancevthe Economic Recovery Program: the Marshall Plan马歇尔计划vthe Soviet Union occupied the portion of Europevthe United States VS the Soviet Union BackgroundvLate modernism: 19462000 vDrama after World WarvTwo Poetry af

3、ter World War TwovLate 20th-century genre literature vScience fictionv21st century literatureBackgroundNobel Prize in Literature T. S. Eliot (1948） ts艾略特 Bertrand Russell (1950), 伯特兰罗素Winston Churchill (1953)温斯顿丘吉尔 William Golding (1983)威廉戈尔丁 V. S. Naipaul (2001) vs奈保尔 Harold Pinter (2005) 哈罗德品特 Dor

4、is Lessing (2007) 多丽丝莱辛English Literature after the Second World War二战后英国重要的戏剧流派二战后英国重要的戏剧流派|22Major GenresTheater of the AbsurdTheater of the Absurd 荒诞派戏剧Angry Young MenAngry Young Men 愤怒的青年Theater of the AbsurdTheater of the Absurd Theater of the Absurd came about as a reaction to World War II. It

5、 took the basis of existential philosophyand combined it with dramatic elements to create a styleof theatre which presented a world which can not be logically explained, life is in one word, ABSURD! Needless to say, this genre of theatre took quite sometime to catch on because it used techniques tha

6、t seemed tobe illogical to the theatre world. The plots often strayed from the more traditional episodic structure, and seem tomove in a circle, ending the same way it began. The scenery was often unrecognizable, and to make matters worse, the dialogue never seemed to make any sense.Eugene Lonesco E

7、ugene Lonesco 尤金尤金 尤奈斯尤奈斯Samuel Beckett Samuel Beckett 撒缪尔撒缪尔 贝克特贝克特Major Absurdist PlaywrightsMajor Absurdist Playwrights Harold PinterHarold Pinter 哈罗德哈罗德 品特品特Nobel Prize-winner SamuelNobel Prize-winner Samuel Beckett has widely influenced thecourse of 20th century literature. The impact of his pl

8、ays (Waiting for Godot, Endgame), novels & numerous short stories & poemshave added the word Beckettian to the literary dictionary. His work depicts the unrelent-ing plight of contemporary exist-ence: living at the edge of an abyss,in an indifferent universe, tryingsimply to go on with daily

9、 life in the face of recognition of futility.His ability to shape this modern experience into art has led the wayfor Harold Pinter, Edward Albee,& many other writes.Waiting for GodotWaiting for Godot 等待戈多等待戈多“Why are we here, that is the “Why are we here, that is the question We are waiting for

10、question We are waiting for Godot to come” Godot to come” On a empty road, two tramps On a empty road, two trampsare waiting for the mysterious are waiting for the mysterious Godot. They quarrel, make up, Godot. They quarrel, make up, consider suicide, try to sleep but consider suicide, try to sleep

11、 but still Godot doesnt arrive. still Godot doesnt arrive. With its sublime balance of With its sublime balance of comedy & poignancy, vaudevillecomedy & poignancy, vaudeville & anxiety, & anxiety, Waiting for GodotWaiting for Godotis one of the most important is one of the most impo

12、rtant plays of the 20plays of the 20thth century. century. stage photosstage photosAngry Young MenAngry Young Men 愤怒的青年愤怒的青年 The term “Angry Young Men” applied to a group of English writers of the 1950s whose heroes share certain rebellious and critical attitudes toward society. This phrase, origina

13、lly taken from the title of Leslie Allen Pauls autobiography, Angry YoungMan (1951), became current with the creation of John Osbornes play Look Back in Anger (1956). The word angry is probably in-appropriate; dissatisfied is perhaps more accurate. The group not only expressed discontent with the st

14、aid, hypocritical insti-tutions of English societythe so-called Establishmentbut betrayed disillusionment with itself and with its own achieve-ments. Included among the angry young men were the play-wrights John Osborne and Arnold Wesker & the novelists Kingsley Amis, John Braine, John Wain, &am

15、p; Alan Sillitoe. In the 1960s these writers turned to more individualized themes and were no longer considered a group. John BraineJohn BraineArnold WeskerArnold WeskerMore “Angry Young Men”More “Angry Young Men” Kingsley AmisKingsley AmisJohn Osborne - the man who turned anger into art British pla

16、ywright & film Producer whose Look Back in Anger (1956) ushered in a new movement in British drama and made him known as the first of the “Angry Young Men” John Osborne changed the face of British Theatre. His play Look Back in Anger was the turning point in postwar Britishtheatre. Look Back in

17、Anger: the story The three-act play takes place in a one-bedroom flat in theMidlands. Jimmy Porter, lower middle-class, university-educated,lives with his wife Alison, the daughter of a retired Colonel in theBritish Army in India. His friend Cliff Lewis, who helps Jimmy run a sweet stall, lives with

18、 them. Jimmy, intellectually restless &dissatisfied, reads the papers, argues and taunts his friends over their acceptance of the world around them. He rages to the point of violence, reserving much of his anger for Alisons friends and family. The situation is exacerbated by the arrival of Helen

19、a, an actress friend of Alisons from school. Appalled at what she finds,Helena calls Alisons father to take her away from the flat. He arrives to take Alison away when Jimmy is visiting a friends mother. As soon as she has gone, Helena moves in with Jimmy. Alison returns to visit, having lost Jimmys

20、 baby. Helena can nolonger stand living with Jimmy and leaves. Finally Alison returnsto Jimmy and his angry life.愤怒的回顾部分剧照和电影海报Literature after World War Novels|33Novels in English after World War Novels in English after World War The two most innovatory novelists to begin their careers soon after W

21、orld War II were also religious believersWilliam Golding and Muriel Spark. In novels of poetic compactness, they frequently return to the notion of original sinthe idea that, in Goldings words, “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Concentrating on small communities, Spark and Golding transfi

22、gure them into microcosms. Allegory and symbol set wide resonances quivering, so that short books make large statements.William Golding Muriel SparkOther novelists and novelsOther novelists and novelsGeorge Orwell： Nineteen Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty-Four is an anti-Utopian novel in the tradition o

23、f Aldous Huxleys Brave New World : “Orwells purpose was to shock his readers into an awareness of the disastrous results of absolute power.” Doris Lessing：The Grass is Singing It is a story about the unequal relationship between a white farmers wife and her black servant, which ends in a tragedy of

24、violenceEvelyn Waugh : The Sword of Honour (Men at Arms, Officers and Gentlemen, and Unconditional Surrender) In these three novels Waugh attempted to analyze the character of World War and its effect on those who were involved in it. And these novels loosely parallel Waughs experiences in the Secon

25、d World War.Novels in American after World War Novels in American after World War TEXT HERETEXT HEREThe literary historian Malcolm Cowley described the years between the two world wars as a “second flowering” of American writing. Certainly American literature attained a new maturity and a rich diver

26、sity in the 1920s and 30s, and significant works by several major figures from those decades were published after 1945. Harper Lee： To Kill a Mockingbird The plot and characters are loosely based on the authors observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her h

27、ometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.Vladimir Nabokov： Lolita The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a 37-to-38-year-old literature professor called Humbert, who is obsessed with the 12-year-old Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually i

28、nvolved after he becomes her stepfather. Joseph Heller : Catch-22 The novel is set during World War II, from 1942 to 1944. It mainly follows the life of Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier. Other novelists and novels Other novelists and novels Ralph Ellison： Invisible Man

29、It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans early in the twentieth century, including black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and persona

30、l identity. Poetry|44Poetry The Movement（运动派）：Philip LarkinThe Modernism( 现代英国诗歌 ): New Enlightenment (新启示派) ：Dylan Thomas PoetryDylan Thomas Dylan Thomas (1914 1953) He was born in Swansea a town of Wales. His father was a English teacher and his mother was a farmers daughter. He write poetry while

31、 still at school and worked as journalist. Move from Wales to London for ten years, his first book was Eighteen Poems in 1934. During world war 2 was exempted from military service. He worked for BBC. He made three lecture tours to USA from1950 to 1953. In November 1953,he died suddenly in New York.PoetryRepresentative worksDeaths and Entrances (死亡与出场）Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog Under Milk WoodWriting featureSimple language picturesque imagery、 Original PoetryDo not go gentle into that good nightThe poem by Dylan Thomas，which predicted Interstellar(星际穿