征服嵌入式系列之AVR单片机笔记

1、目录第一课：不同类型单片机开发的比较1第二课：AVR单片机的优点3第三课：AVR单片机头文件简介与使用6第四课：AVR单片机I/O口的4种位操作方法8第五课：AVR熔丝位简介11第六课：如何把51单片机的程序移植到AVR单片机14第七课：AVR单片机中断的原理和使用15第八课：AVR单片机片内EEPROM的原理和使用22第九课：AVR单片机片内ADC的原理和使用27第十课：AVR片内定时器的原理和使用方法36第十一课：AVR单片机TWI总线的原理48第十二课：AVR单片机USART通信接口的原理和使用55第十三课：AVR单片机驱动LCD1602液晶显示器65第十四课：AVR单片机驱动DS18B

2、2073第十五课：AVR单片机驱动DS130280第十六课：不同型号的AVR单片机之间程序的移植方法88ATmega16第一课：不同类型单片机开发的比较第二课：AVR单片机的优点注意：上面的DDB7应该是DDRB7.点亮第一个LED灯#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>void main() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0xff; DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0xfe; while(1);第三课：AVR单片机头文件简介与使用几种操作方法的比较#include<iom16v.h>#include<macro

3、s.h>void main() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0xff; DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0; PORTA|=(1<<2); PORTA|=BIT(3); PORTA|=BIT(PORTA);第四课：AVR单片机I/O口的4种位操作方法闪烁灯#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>void delay(unsigned char z) unsigned char x,y; for(x=0;x=z;x+) for(y=0;y<110;y+);void main() DDRB=0xff; PORT

4、B=0xff; DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0xff; while(1) PORTA&=0x80; delay(500); PORTA|=0x80; delay(500); 用按键控制灯的闪烁#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>void main() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0xff; DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0xff; DDRD=0; PORTD=0xff;/PD口设置为带上拉的输入 while(1) if（PIND&0x40）/00000100 PORTA|=BIT(7); else PO

5、RTA&=BIT(7): 第五课：AVR熔丝位简介第六课：如何把51单片机的程序移植到AVR单片机第七课：AVR单片机中断的原理和使用#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar table=0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f;void delay() uint x,y; for(x=0;x<1000;x+) for(y=0;y<500;y+);void init()

6、 DDRB|=BIT(6); PORTB|=BIT(6); DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0xff; MCUCR|=0x02;/设置外部中断0的触发方式 GICR|=BIT(6);/使能外部中断 DDRD&=BIT(2); PORTD|=BIT(2);/设置为带上拉电阻的输入 SREG|=BIT(7);void main() init(); while(1) PORTA|=BIT(0); delay(); PORTA&=BIT(0); delay(); #pragma interrupt_handler int0_isr:2void int0_isr() PORTA=0;

7、delay(); delay(); delay(); PORTA=0xff;第八课：AVR单片机片内EEPROM的原理和使用#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar code smg_du=0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;ucahr code smg_we=0x08,0x18,0x28,0x38,0

8、x48,0x58,0x68,0x78;/位选是用74HC138译码器控制的uchar code table=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;void delay() uint x; for(x=0;x<300;x+);void init() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0; DDRC=0x78;/01111000 PORTC=0;void display(ucahr *p) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) PORTB=smg_du*p; p+; PORTC=smg_wei; delay(); void EEPROM_write(uint addr,uint

9、adata) SREG&=BIT(7);/关闭总中断 while(EECR&BIT(EEWE); EEAR=addr; EEDR=adata; EECR|=BIT(EEMWE); EECR|=BIT(EEWE); SREG|=BIT(7);uchar EEPROM_read(uchar addr) uchar edata; SREG&=BIT(7); while(EECR&BIT(EEWE); EEAR=addr; EECR|=BIT(EERE); edata=EEDR; return edata;void main() uchar i; init(); i=E

10、EPROM_read(2); i+; EEPROM_write(2,i); table0=i; while(1) display(table); 第九课：AVR单片机片内ADC的原理和使用#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar code smg_du=0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;ucahr c

11、ode smg_we=0x08,0x18,0x28,0x38,0x48,0x58,0x68,0x78;/位选是用74HC138控制的uchar code table=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;void delay() uint x; for(x=0;x<300;x+);void init() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0; DDRC=0x78;/01111000 PORTC=0;void display(uchar *p) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) PORTB=smg_du*p; p+; PORTC=smg_wei; delay(); void

12、 adc_init() DDRA&=BIT(0); PORTA&=BIT(0); ADMUX|=0x40; ADCSRA|=0xe8; SFIOR=0x00; SREG|=BIT(7);void data_pro(uint temp_l,uint temp_h) uint temp1,temp2; temp1=temp_h*256; temp2=temp1+temp_l; table3=temp2/1000; temp1=temp2%1000; table2=temp1/100; temp2=temp1%100; table1=temp2/10; table0=temp2%10

13、;void main() init(); adc_init(); while(1);#pragma interrupt_handler adc_isr:15void adc_isr() uint adc_l,adc_h; adc_l=ADCL; adc_h=ADCH; display(table);第十课：AVR片内定时器的原理和使用方法用普通模式实现秒表#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar code smg_du=0x3

14、f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;ucahr code smg_we=0x08,0x18,0x28,0x38,0x48,0x58,0x68,0x78;/位选是用74HC138控制的uchar code table=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;uchar num；void delay() uint x; for(x=0;x<300;x+);void init() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0; DDRC=0x78;/01111000 PORTC=0;void

15、 display(ucahr *p) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) PORTB=smg_du*p; p+; PORTC=smg_wei; delay(); void timer1_init() TCCR1B=0x04;/256分频 TCNT1H=0x8f; TCNT1L=0x80; TIMSK|=BIT(2); SREG|=BIT(7);void main() init(); timer1_init(); while(1) display(table); #pragma interrupt_handler timer1_isr:9void timer1_isr（） n

16、um+; if(num=60) num=0; table0=num%10; table1=num/10; TCNT1H=0x8f; TCNT1L=0x80;用CTC模式输出1KHZ的方波.#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intvoid main() DDRD=0x30; TCCR1B=0x09; TCCR1A=0x50;/选择模式4 OCR1A=3685;#include<iom16v.h>#include<macr

17、os.h> #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intvoid main() DDRD|=0x30; TCCR1A=0x63; TCCR1B=0x1b;/选用模式15 OCR1A=575;/频率为200HZ OCR1B=115;/占空比为1/5第十一课：AVR单片机TWI总线的原理第十二课：AVR单片机USART通信接口的原理和使用#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned in

18、t#define fosc 7372800uchar rdata,flag;void uart_init(uint baud) uint a; UCSRC=0x86; a=fosc/16/baud-1; UBRRL=a%256; UBRRH=a/256; UCSRB=0x98; SREG|=BIT(7);void uart_send(uchar data) while(!(UCSRA&BIT(5); UDR=data; while(!(UCSRA&BIT(6); UCSRA|=BIT(6);#pragma interrupt_handler uartrece_isr:12voi

19、d uarterce_isr() UCSRB&=BIT(7); rdata=UDR; flag=1; UCSRB|=BIT(7);void main() uchar i='h' uart_init(9600); /uart_send(i); while(1) if(flag) flag=0; uart_send(rdata); 第十三课：AVR单片机驱动LCD1602液晶显示器#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned i

20、nt#define RS_CLR PORTC&=BIT(4)#define RS_SET PORTC|=BIT(4)#define RS_OUT DDRC|=BIT(4)#define RW_CLR PORTC&=BIT(5)#define RW_SET PORTC|=BIT(5)#define RW_OUT DDRC|=BIT(5)#define E_CLR PORTC&=BIT(6)#define E_SET PORTC|=BIT(6)#define E_OUT DDRC|=BIT(6)uchar table1="0123456789876543"

21、;uchar table2="abcdefg!#$%&*("void delay_nms(uint nms) 延时n个ms，具体函数自己写void write_com(uchar com) RS_SET; RW_SET; E_CLR; RS_CLR; RW_CLR; PORTA=com; delay_nms(1);/延时1ms E_SET; delsy_nms(1); E_CLR;void write_data(uchar data) RS_CLR; RW_SET; E_CLR; RS_SET; RW_CLR; PORTA=data; delay_nms(1);/延

22、时1ms E_SET; delsy_nms(1); E_CLR;void init() DDRA=0xff; PORTA=0; RS_OUT; E_OUT; RW_OUT; delay_nms(20); write_com(0x38); delay_nms(5); write_com(0x38); delay_nms(5); write_com(0x38); write_com(0x38); write_com(0x08); write_com(0x01); write_com(0x06); write_com(0x0c);void main() uchar i; init(); write_

23、com(0x80); for(i=0;i<16;i+) write_data(table1i); delay_nms(2); write_com(0x80+0x40); for(i=0;i<16;i+) write_data(table2i); write_com(0x80); while(1);第十四课：AVR单片机驱动DS18B20注意：DS18B20对时间要求非常高,延时函数一定要精确#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned

24、int#define DQ_IN DDRC&=BIT(2)#define DQ_OUT DDRC|=BIT(2)#define DQ_SET PORTC|=BIT(2)#define DQ_CLR PORTC&=BIT(2)#define DQ_R PINC&BIT(2)uchar code smg_du=0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;ucahr code smg_we=0x08,0x18,0x28,0x38,0x48,0x58,0x68,

25、0x78;/位选是用74HC138控制的uchar code table=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;void delay() uint x; for(x=0;x<300;x+);void init() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0; DDRC=0x78;/01111000 PORTC=0;void display(uchar *p) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) PORTB=smg_du*p; p+; PORTC=smg_wei; if(i=1) PORTB|=BIT(7); else PORTB&=BIT(7); delay(); voi

26、d delay_nus(uint nms) 延时n个us，具体函数自己写uchar ds18b20_reset() uchar i; DQ_OUT; DQ_CLR; delay_nus(500); DQ_SET; delay_nus(100); DQ_IN; i=DQ_R; delay_nus(500); return i; void ds18b20_write_byte(uchar value) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) DQ_OUT; DQ_CLR; delay_nus(10); if(value&0x01) DQ_SET; delay_nus(100

27、); DQ_SET; value=value>>1; uchar ds18b20_read_byte() uchar i,value; for(i=0;i<8;i+) value=value>>1; DQ_OUT; DQ_CLR; delay_nus(10); DQ_SET; DQ_IN; if(DQ_R) value|=0x80; delay_nus(50); return value;void data_pro(uint temp) uint a; table2=temp/100; a=temp%100; table1=a/10; table0=a%10;vo

28、id main() uchar i,j,k; uint temp; init(); while(1) ds18b20_reset(); ds18b20_write_byte(0xcc); ds18b20_write_byte(0x44); delay_nus(2000); ds18b20_reset(); ds18b20_write_byte(0xcc); ds18b20_write_byte(0xbe); i=ds18b20_read_byte();/低字节 j=ds18b20_read_byte();/高字节 temp=j*256+i;/26.8 temp=temp*0.625;/268

29、data_pro(temp); for(k=0;k<20;k+) display(table); 第十五课：AVR单片机驱动DS1302#include<iom16v.h>#include<macros.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int#define SCK_CLR PORTB&=BIT(0)#define SCK_SET PORTB|=BIT(0)#define SCK_OUT DDRB|=BIT(0)#define RST_CLR PORTD&=BIT(6)#defin

30、e RST_SET PORTD|=BIT(6)#define RST_OUT DDRD|=BIT(6)#define IO_CLR PORTB&=BIT(1)#define IO_SET PORTB|=BIT(1)#define IO_OUT DDRB|=BIT(1)#define IO_IN DDRB&=BIT(1)#define IO_R PINB&BIT(1)uchar code smg_du=0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;ucahr

31、 code smg_we=0x08,0x18,0x28,0x38,0x48,0x58,0x68,0x78;/位选是用74HC138控制的uchar code table=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;uchar time_data7=10,6,4,17,11,59,35;/年周月日时分秒uchar write_add7=0x8c,0x8a,0x88,0x86,0x84,0x82,0x80;uchar read_add7=0x8d;0x8b,0x89,0x87,0x85,0x83,0x81;void delay() uint x; for(x=0;x<300;x+);void init() DDRB=0xff; PORTB=0; DDRC=0x78;/01111000 PORTC=0;void display(uchar *p) uchar i; for(i=0;i<8;i+) PORTB=smg_du*p; p+; PORTC=smg_wei; delay(); void delay_nus(uint nms) 延时n个us，具体函数自己写void write_ds1302_byte(uchar dat) uchar i; IO_OUT