(十一)句子的类型Ⅰ简单句和并列句

1、分类图解（H一）句子的类型i简单句和并列句01命题趋势考标导向化近几年对简单句的考查主要体现在对陈述句、感叹句、疑问 句和祈使句上，对并列句的考查主要是在并列句的构成、并列连 词和从属连词上。预计2015年对简单句的考查仍以感叹句、 反意 疑问句为主，对并列句的考查以并列连词和从属连词为主。02定义概念清晰化简单句是只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语） 的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹 句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种 形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。 疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑

2、问 句。祈使句是用以表示命令、 请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。 感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用 what或how开头的两种形式。并列句是指由两个或两个以上的并 列分句构成的句子。并列句的分句间没有修饰和被修饰的关系， 也没有限定或被限定的关系，其间的关联是靠并列连词实现的。03知识归类知识网络化?简单句分类图解构成类型例句由一个主 语（含并列 主语）和一 个谓语（或 并列谓语） 构成1.S+ViAn accident happened yesterday.2.S+V+PYour idea sounds good.3.S+Vt+OWe want to see him.4

3、.S+Vt+O+OMy father made me a kite.5.S+Vt+O+CHe made us stand here.分类用途例句陈肯定肯定的陈述，表They usually go to school by bike.述示是如此”I get up at six o' clockin the句morning.否定否定的陈述，表They won' t go to the park示不是如此"tomorrow.I can ' t speak Chinese.疑一般询问一件事或Is this your schoolbag?问疑问情况是否属实Have yo

4、u been to Shanghai?句句特殊针对句子某一What does your father do?疑问具体成分提问Where is Mike from?句选择提供两种或两一Is your friend a boy or a girl?疑问种以上的情况供对方选择He is a boy.句反意由陈述句+简短There is a book on the desk,疑问句问句组成，问话 者欲对陈述句 部分的内容做isn ' t there?Yes, there is./ No, there isn ' t进一步证实祈使句表示命令、请Come in, please.求、建议、劝

5、告等Let ' s go to school.感叹句表示惊讶、喜What beautiful flowers!悦、愤怒等感情，常用 whatHow clever the girl is!或how引导?陈述句。疑问句、祈使句和感叹句特例清单1 .否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回 答时也要用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：一Don ' t you hear of that?尔没有听说过吗？Yes,I do.不，我听说过。No,I don ' t.是的，我没有听说过。2 .特殊的反

6、意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly, few, little, no,nobody, no one, nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若 陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-, un-, in-, dis-等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定式。(2)I am反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应为aren' t I。(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用willyou。(4)当陈述部分是let' s do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反 问；而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时，疑问部分仍然用 will you来

7、 反问。(5)当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody, somebody,no one等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they,也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing , something时，疑问部分须用代词 it。(6)若陈述部分为there be句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。(7)陈述部分含有 must,表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用 mustn' t。若陈述部分含 must,表示推测意义“必定”时，则附 加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的系动词或助动 词。(8)主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分的助动词与人称 应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主句

8、为“ I think/suppose/believe ”等表示说话人的看法，反意疑问句的疑问 部分应与宾语从句一致。(9)陈述部分含情态动词ought t。时，附加疑问部分有两种形式：oughtn' t+主语人称代词或 shouldn' t+主语人称代词。3 .不能出现在一个句子里的连词(1)because(因为),so(所以)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其(2)(al)though(虽然),but(但是)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用 其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。如：Though he was tired, he still worked hard虽然他很

9、累，但他仍然 努力工作。【题组训练】陈述句与疑问句()1.(2014 南宁)She doesn ' t like pop music?A.does sheB.is sheC.doesn ' t sheD.isn ' t she()2.(2014 兰"I'l) Did you use to have long hair or short hair, Sally?A.Yes l didB.No , I didn ' tC.Long hairD.Curly hair()3.(2014 北京)一 people are there in your fam

10、ily?Three.A.How oftenB.How longC.How manyD.How much( )4.(2014 济宁)一 are you always staying up so late these days?To prepare for my final exam.A.HowB.Why C.When D.Where()5.(2014 湖"I'l) Excuse me, Sir. is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?Well, only about five minutes ' walk.A.How

11、oftenB.How longC.How farD.How soon祈使句()6.(2014 广沙N) Sorry I ' m late.一 tell me the bus broke down again!A.Never toB.NotC.Don' tD.No( )7.(2014 重庆)wake up your sister , Ben. She needs a good sleep.A.Don' tB.Doesn ' tC.Aren ' tD.Can' t()8.(2014 黄石)I ' m leaving for Xisai Mou

12、ntain this afternoon.一 you have packed everything.A.To be sureB.Been sureC.Being sureD.Be sure()9.(2014 黄冈)一What are the rules at your school?一Don' t run in the hallways and arrive late for class.一It is expected to be.unusual novel it is!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.What an()14.(2014 南京)一 brave Zhang Hu

13、a is!Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs Sun, out of the fire.A.What aB.HowC.How aD.What()15.(2014 滨"'I'l)interesting the film is!Yes.I have seen it twice.A.WhatB.HowC.What anD.How an?并列句分类图解构成意义常用连词简单句+并 列连词+简 单句表小引申和并列and,not only -but alsowell as,neither nor 表示选择or,either or 表示转折but,wh

14、ile,only表小缘由for,so ,asA.not toB.won' tC.don ' tD.no()10.(2014 梅"'I'l)play with fire.with fire is dangerous.A.Don' t;PlayingB.Not;PlayingC.Don' t;PlayD.Not to;To play感叹句()11.(2014 漳'I'l)beautiful blouse she is wearing!一But it doesn ' t look good against her sk

15、in.A.WhatB.What a C.How()12.(2014 咸宁)一 sweet music!And I really like the V oice of China TV programs.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a()13.(2014 锄1)Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(百年孤独 )has been printed again?特例清单and和or用于否定句中：(1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词前时，用 and连接，而当 列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。如：I ca

16、n' t sing or dance我既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。Lucy and Lily can' t speak Chineses 西和莉莉不会说汉语。(2)在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and不用or连接。如：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上既没有水，也 没有空气。【题组训练】()16.(2014 丽水)Good friends are like stars. You don' t always see them, you know they are there.A.asB.but C.for

17、 D.then( )17.(2014 成者B)Confucius once said, “ Everythinghas beauty, not everyone sees it. ”A.but B.orC.and()18.(2014 安徽)Spend more time talking with your parents, they may not well understand you.A.orB.so C.and D.but()19.(2014 苏"I'l )Read this article , you will understand that not everythi

18、ng can be bought with money.A.or B.and C.butD.so()20.(2013 兰沙I'l )The thing that matters is not whether you fail or not, whether you try or not.A.andB.or C.so D.but04整合集训 反馈层级化( )1.you wait a few more minutes? It ' ll be your turn soon.A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might( )2. T-shirt do you like be

19、tter, the red one or the blue one?I prefer the red one.A.How muchB.How manyC.WhoseD .Which-Every day.A.How longB.How manyC.How oftenD.How soon( )4. - Lily,do you study for a math test?-By asking my teacher for help.A.how B.who C.whyD.what( )5.You ' ve just finished your listening exam. Please ge

20、t yourself ready for the next part,?A.shall weB.will youC.do youD.are you()6. You like listening to Sallydo ns soyos?.She has a sweet voice.A.Yes,I doB.Yes,she doesC.No,I don ' t D.No,she doesn ' t( )7. Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.A.No,I won' tB.I know thatC.I

21、t doesn' t matterD.OK.I will( )8.Yoga helps people to keep healthy and relaxed, ?A.does itB.is itC.doesn ' t itD.isn ' t it( )9.exercising, and you ' ll be healthier.A.KeepB.To keepC.KeepingD.Kept()10. smoke here, Dad. Smoking has beenbanned (禁止)in public places.( )3.do you clean you

22、r room?A.Don' t beB.Don ' tC.Not to beD.Be not( )11.me back my money, I ' ll ring the police.A.Giving;orB.Give;andC.To give;andD.Give;or( )12.-Listen!Someone is playing the piano. Wow!beautiful music!I like it very much.A.WhatB.How aC.What aD.How( )13.nice day it is! Let' s go and fl

23、y a kite.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a( )14.interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an( )15.today!Yes.Shall we have a picnic in the open air?A.What fine weather isB.How fine weather it isC.What a fine weather it isD.How fine the weather is( )16.I like noisy music,

24、neither my parents nor my sister likes it.A.andB.or C.butD.so( )17.My mom works as a teacher and she likes her students very much.- great job it is! You know, being a teacher is my dream.C.WhatD.What a()18day? Three hours.A.How oftenC.How many( )19.Thereschool,A.be thereC.will there()20.A.DoC.Don ' t()21-I think itA.WhatC.Whosedowillyou spend on your homework everyB.How longD.How muc