(光纤熔化接合的目地(是)要得到低接续损失

1、STCSTCEFS-150STCSTCThe objective of fusion splicing is to join optical fiber with low spliceloss, low reflection, high mechanical strength and long-term stability ( (光纖熔化接合的目地(是)要得到低接續損失, 低反射, 高機械強度和長期的穩定性 )yzfiber 2Electrode(電擊棒)fiber 1electric arc(放電電弧)Core(核心)Cladding(覆層)Coating(緩衝層)Electrode(電擊棒

2、)Alignment(y/z軸距調準)Alignment(x/z軸距調準)zxPrinciple of Fusion Splicing(熔接原理介紹)STCSTCBasics of Fusion SplicingPrinciple of Fusion Splicing 熔接原理Requirements 條件要求Fiber Alignment Methods / Fusion Splicer Categories 光纖對準方法及熔接機類型Influences on Fusion Process 影響熔接的狀態影響熔接的狀態Process Control Systems: 熔接系統熔接系統 Loc

3、al light Injection and Detection System (LID-System)光源對準光源對準 Lens-Profile Alignment System (L-PAS)影像對準影像對準-lens Profile Alignment System (PAS)影像對準影像對準High Definition Core Monitoring (HDCM) and similar systems, e.g.: Warm Image Splice Processing (WISP)STCSTCBasic Requirements for a High-quality Fusio

4、n Splice熔接條件及需求Clean working area and tools (stripper, cleaver, fusion splicer)清潔光纖及清潔光纖及工具工具Good fiber quality or suitable fusion splicer type光纖品質及熔接機類型光纖品質及熔接機類型Good fiber preparation接續前光纖之準備接續前光纖之準備strip coating to expose cladding (bare fiber) 剝除緩衝層剝除緩衝層250um clean stripped fiber end 清潔光纖極端面清潔光纖極

5、端面cleave fiber end to required length切割所需之光纖長度切割所需之光纖長度Good alignment光纖對準光纖對準 correct placement of fiber ends in fusion splicer正確置入光纖正確置入光纖 precise alignment by fusion splicer系統自動調校系統自動調校Suitable fusion parameters熔接參數調整熔接參數調整 stabile fusion arc; compensation of environmental influences etc.熔接電流調整熔接電

6、流調整Good splice protection熔接點保護熔接點保護STCSTCInfluence on Fusion Process: Self-Centering Effect光纖位移Caused by the tendency of the fiber to form a homogeneous joint as a result of the surface tension of the molten glass Leads to compensation / decrease of fiber offsets during fusionFor this reason fusion

7、splicers with fixed v-grooves can achieve average splice losses of less than 0.05 dB if core eccentricity is low (e.g. ccc 0.4 m).d1d2 d1d1 = fiber offset before fusion processd2 = reduced fiber offset after fusion processPrinciple of self-centering effectX75 and X75-12 allow, by the wide fiber clam

8、ping distance, the self-centering effect to happen.STCSTCInfluence on Fusion Process: Core Eccentricity 偏心率Fixed v-groove units:High core eccentricity can causeincreased splice loss depending on the grade of offset and the position of the fiber cores in relation to each other.Core-to-core alignment

9、units:Total compensation of core eccentricity. If also influence of self-centering effect is compensated splice losses of less than 0.02 dB can be achieved.X60 and X77 take into account the fiber offset after core-to-core alignment!The fiber offset after fusion is displayed for fiber quality feedbac

10、k.Concentric fiber vs. fiber with core eccentricityconcentric fiberfiber with core eccentricitySTCSTCInfluence on Fusion Process: Fiber Endface Quality切割端面 Compensation of bad cleave angles of up to 2.5 (X75-12: 5 ) in totalbetween both fiber ends Endface quality inspection withL-PAS video image eva

11、luation Warning when cleaning with the cleaning arc is not successful after two attemptsBad endface quality, e.g. bad cleave angles, mechanical damages and dirt particles, can lead to increase of splice loss by pushing the fiber core out of the fiber center.The X60, X77, X75, and X75-12provide the f

12、ollowing features:Example of bad endface qualitySTCSTCInfluence on Fusion Process: Contamination in V-Grooves導槽不清潔Contamination on the fiber cladding or in the v-grooves can lead to bad fiber positioning which will increase the splice loss. The following features ensure reliable detection and compen

13、sation of contamination:X75 and X75-12: Detection of the fiber positionX60: Measurement of the fiber axisFiber positioning in v-groovesExcellent fiberposition in v-grooveBad fiber position inv-groove caused by dirt Influence is compensated with alignment to a certain limitX60 and X77:STCSTCInfluence

14、 on Fusion Process: Electrode Condition電擊棒狀態Fusion arc must be reproducible and stabile! The fusion arc is influenced mostly of electrode condition. Due to wear and contamination electrode condition will change during normal operation and electrode cleaning or replacement is necessary from time to t

15、ime.電擊棒清潔更換條件為電擊棒清潔更換條件為;碳化及損耗或壽命碳化及損耗或壽命All units have functions for reminding the operator of cleaning and replacement or of analyzing electrode condition:個類型機器之提醒功能個類型機器之提醒功能X60, X77, X75 and X75-12: electrode maintenance countersX77 and X75 (X60 soon): electrode condition test functionX75-12: pa

16、rameter optimization functionSTCSTCProcess Control SystemsSplice process control systems are necessary for: precise fiber alignment and fiber position detection (fixed v-groove units)splice loss estimation and measurementTwo different types of process control systems are used for this purpose:Direct

17、 (transmission-dependent)systems measuring the light transmission across the splice1300 nm LID-System with Automatic Fusion-time Control (AFC)Local Injection / Detection (LID) by AuroraIndirect (fiber dimension-dependent)systems visually evaluating the mechanical properties of the fiberLens-Profile

18、Alignment System (L-PAS)Profile Alignment System (PAS) High Definition Core Monitoring (HDCM) Warm Image Splice Processing (WISP) with Real Time Control (RTC)STCSTCVideo Image Evaluation L-PASThe L-PAS uses light intensity profiles from the video image lines and columns.This light intensity profiles

19、 comprise all visible details of the fiber, including any shadows along the center, damages, fiber offsets as well as contamination.The L-PAS enables fiber alignment, fiber position detection, endface quality inspection and splice loss estimation.Example of intensity (brightness) over twovideo colum

20、ns in one fiber viewIntensity profile over two video image columns of a corresponding fiber pairMisalignmentMisalignmentPositionBrightnesslowhighSTCSTCHigh Definition Core Monitoring and Similar SystemsFocus planeDark lines appear as a result of the core shadow in the focus planeHigh-resolution camera with adjustable focusIntersection through fiber Top viewSTCSTCProfile Alignment System (RXS uses L-PAS)Virtual fiber imageReal fiber imageCollimated ligh