英语直接引语和间接引语

1、直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech)1直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：Mr Black said,布莱克先S生说："我很忙”（直接引语）Mr Black said that he was busy布 莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连 词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、 时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变 化。在这一

2、方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此， 在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句 子的意义。1）人称的变化a） He said, “ I like it very n他说.： 我非常喜欢它。He said that he liked it very muc他说他非常喜欢它。b) He saidto me, “ve left my book in you他0对我.说：我把书放在你的房间里了。 ”He told me that he had left his book in my roo他告诉 我他把书放在我的房间里了。2) 时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直 接引语变间接引语时，从

3、句的谓语动词在时态方面要 作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的 时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时T一般过去时He said, “m afraid I can't finish this work.He said that he was afraid he could n't fin ish that work.现在进行时T过去进行时He said, “m using thek nife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时T过去完成时Shesaid, “ I have not heard from

4、 him since May.She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时T过去完成He said, “ I came to help you. ”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “ I had fini shed my homework before supper.He said that he had fini shed his homework before supper.3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：变化例句直接引语间接引语this

5、-that这个-那个She said, “ Iwill come this morni ng."She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "These books are mi ne."He said that those books were his.no w-the n现在-那时He said, "It is nine O'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock the n.today-th

6、at day今天-那天He said, "I have n't see n her today."He said that he had n't see n her that day. yesterday-the day before昨天-前一天she said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before. tomorrow- the next (followi ng) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll

7、 go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the n ext (follow ing) day. here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注：(1)直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语 时，时态不变。如：He said, "Light travels much faster tha n soun d."He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2如果在当地转述，here不必改为there动词come 不必改为go.如果在当天转述 y

8、esterday, tomorrow时 间状语也不必改变。直接引语变间接引语。见下表。 分类连接词例句注意事项 补充说明 当直接引语为 陈述句”寸连接词：that(口语中常常省略)He says, “I will go to the parktomorrow. ”-He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.He said, “I will go to the park tomorrow.”-He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.He said to me, “ you can help

9、 her. ”-He said to me (that) I could help her.连接词：that2. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变3. 时态。1.黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。2. 间接引语部分均为陈述语序。3. 间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句，连接词之间的叫主句。4. 当主句是一般现在时态，间接引语部分与直接引语 的时态相同。5. 当主句是一般过去时态，间接引语部分变为相应的 过去时态。当直接引语是 一般疑问句”时。连接词：if 或者 whether.可译为：是否 He askedme, “ Are you good at math? -He asked me if I w

10、as good at math.He asked Amy, “ Do you love me? ”-He asked Amy whether she loved him.He asks me,“ Is she readi ng?”-He asks me if she is reading.连接词：if , whether2. 语序：改为陈述语序”。（去掉：Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Can 位置） 3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变4. 时态。当直接引语为 特殊疑问句”时。连接词：How a直接引语中的特殊疑问词。He asked his wife,you? ”-

11、He asked his wife how she was.He asked me ,“ What color do you like? ”He asked me what color I liked.He asks me,wweirshe go 3 days later.-He asks me where she will go 3 days later连接词：特殊疑问词2. 语序：改为陈述语序”(去掉：Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Can 位置) 3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变4. 时态。当直接引语为 祈使句”时没有连接词。用：ask(tell) sb. t

12、o do sth改写。或 tell (ask) sb. not to do sth改写 He said to Amy, “ Be careful! ”-He asked Amy to be careful.He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door. ”-He told Lily to close the door.He said to me,“ Don' t be late. ”-He asked me not to be late.不用连接词2. 不改变时态。3. 无须考虑语序4. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变1.斜体部分为间接引语 部分2间接引语部分是动词不

13、定式，在句中作宾语补足语重点概括：直接引语变间接引语有看时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语的变化。1.时态变化：接引语：一般现在时间接引语：一般过去时呈接引语：现在进行时间接引语：过去进行时呈接引语：一般将来时间接引语：过去将来时呈接引语：现在完成时间接引语：过去完成时呈接引语：一般过去时间接引语：过去完成时2人称变化She asked Jack "Where have you been?"She asked Jack where he had been3 指示代词的变化：thisthat; thesethoseHe said," These books are mi

14、neHe said that those books were his4 时间状语的变化：no wthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe n ext da/ the follow ing dayMy father said “ I worked here twenty years agoMy father said that he had worked there twenty years before5. 地点状语的变化：herethereHe asked me “ How can I get here?"He ask

15、ed me how he could get there.直接引语变间接引语的句式变化：1. 陈述句：间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略2. 般疑问句：间接引语用if或whether, said改为 asked句子用陈述语序。3. 特殊疑问句：间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导， 句子用陈述句语序。4. 语法知识归纳直接引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法：要将祈使句动词原形变为带“ to”不定式，并且在不定式的前面根据意思加上tell，ask, order等词，如 果是否定式，不定式前面加"not"。"Ope n the wi ndow," the teacher said to the boyThe teac