高考完形填空和阅读理解的关键[1]

1、高考完形填空和阅读理解的关键完形填空和阅读理解讲究2个关键1. 速度-越快越好，考试有时间限制。2. 效果-对的越多越好，考试有分数限制。怎么解决这个问题古话说的好，见多识广，熟能生巧。现在的高考已经趋向成熟了，特别是改革开放1978到现在的高考真题是一个“资料宝库”。（1978-2012）1. 先打基础。（1）语言的内容-将高考完形填空和阅读理解的“话题”入手，这个在课程标准中大致有规定，另外学生自己要多读汉语方面的书籍，如普通的杂志和报纸，一份就够了。多参加些社会活动。最主要的是获得“直接/间接的生活经验和对书本知识的体会”，如杂志分为国事、家事、书中事，男人的事等等。有了这个，做题时心中

2、不慌了，能有助于理解。其实人类的本质活动是一样的，古今中外都差不多。（2）语言的形式-这个就是我们常说的单词，短语和句型，长难句等。但是别忘了语言形式是语言内容的支撑。所以背诵单词和短语时尽量放在语境（也就是依据语言内容）中去理解。如subject的意思科目、话题、主语就是不同的语境中，学生学的语文、数学等科目，人们聊天时谈论的话题，语法中的成分问题。翻译的时候也是同理。（3）理解是关键-透过单词和短语，语法和句法来理解句子，进而理解段落和文章。翻译法还是很好的，只是学生容易一对一固定化的意思去套，不会根据文章的语境和内容及中国人的习惯改变而已。如下面的am不是都简单的译为是。I am Jac

3、k.-我是（名字）杰克。I am hungry.-我饿了。（想吃东西）I am reading now.-我（正）在读书。（4）完形填空就是单选的升级版。只是语境由小的变成了大文章的语境。We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be _1_ to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_wrong, too. For instance, we should n

4、ot hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.1 A .kind B. sensitive C. fair D. generous 2 A .equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly 看红色部分是不是一个单选，但是靠上下文的语境更强了。众所周知，有些事一看就是正确的。比方说：对其他人友善是对的。爱护环境也是对的。（是社会上的法律和伦理道德所能接受）当然有些事一看就知道是错误的。比方说：我们不应该伤害或是

5、欺负他人，乱扔垃圾也不行。规则规定会告诉我们是与非。（是社会上的法律和伦理道德所不能接受） 看本段的内容就是对比总结。Obviously和clearly得英文释义是差不多的。For example和for instance差不多同义可替换。查一下字典就知道英文解释的替换性了。同理 kind和hurt、bully也是反义的色彩在里面。照上理解了语言内容的意思，看到了语言形式的替换性就能很好的提高正确率了。I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in

6、high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph.D.'s.I thought (/ additional "cultural capital" / could help students / like her / develop better in high school, where they woul

7、d unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students / who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph.D.'s./) 看意群和语法简单划为：I think后的宾语从句（）部分，宾语从句重点where，who的定语从句，插了一个perhaps for the first time时间状语。 简单翻译为：我认为额外的“文化资本”可能会帮助像她这样的学生更好的在学校里成长。在学校里他们会不可避免的遇到哪怕是第一次这些学生。这些学生的家

8、里满是书，而父母又是博士。(划线部分同义)2012江苏高考英语试卷-阅读理解窥见这已是自2004江苏自己命题以来的第9个年头了，应该说保持了一贯的平稳和高水平。无论是材料的选择，还是题型的设置，不管是继承还是创新，都是中国高考试卷的一朵奇葩。以下简单谈谈我个人在解答阅读理解部分的困惑和答题过程的揭秘。选材：此话题浙江高考试卷曾经出现过，人教版老教材，第一册第一课也有这样的假设。体裁：应用说明文话题：荒岛上只有你一人时，你最想要什么？解题过程揭秘：1.先看整体，确定是应用文。扫读标题和第一句确定大意。 2.看问题，找关键词快，要“快、准、狠”。 3.答案处停留，细心审答。 56. Accordi

9、ng to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their_.A. MP3 player B. dog C. spouse/ partner D. celebrity解答：1. Respondents in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse (调查对象) or partner would be their first choice to have with them. Perhaps this makes sense: 2. 命题人常用技巧红色为“

10、英文同意替换”法。划线部分为答案。57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?A. He has been trained in wilderness survival. B. He may not be able to help you survive.C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful. D. He is the choice of most South African women.解答：1. who knows if George Clooney or Penelope C

11、ruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training? George Clooney wouldn't think I'm as pretty as my husband does!" 2. if不表条件，是宾语从句当“是否”讲，表不确定性。may not be 命题人常用技巧“不绝对”法。3. 56和57相通，命题人常用技巧“答案环环相扣”法。 配偶或是伴侣是第一位，当然那些“明星，名人”就不一定靠得住了。58. The survey results are analyzed in terms of the re

12、spondents _.A. sex, age and nationality B. race, nationality and sexC. marriage, age and race D. age, sex and marriage 解答：1. Respondents in all 16 countries surveyed said 和下文的四幅图。 2.spouse中的 South African/Indian women-nationality +gender Clooney中的Russian /Mexican men women-nationality+gender MP3中的Ma

13、laysian/Amerian and Australian men-nationality+gender dog中的older than 45 age group-age 3.综上选A sex gender的同意 性别（男女）。 BDeputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel pric

14、es and crop-eating insects. The country's fanners are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even high

15、er when the 2012 statistics are completed.Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of .America's farmers, her work is made tougher by

16、 a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of "useless" college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.“There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect,&

17、quot; Merrigan said. "We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “I truly believe we're at a g

18、olden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows," said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. "Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved

19、 in agriculture. "The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.Ryan Best, presi

20、dent of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statist

21、ics. Never before have we had the innovations ( 创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “theres really a place for everybody to fit in.”选材：此话题大学英语四级考试曾出现过相似的文章，一篇为“美国农业”，一篇为“老年学”。体裁：说明文话题：美国农业面临的困境和机遇：人口老年化和全球粮食需求旺盛。59. Wha

22、t is the new challenge to American agriculture?A. Fewer and older farmers.B. Higher fuel prices.C. More natural disasters.D. Lower agricultural output.解答：1. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country's fanners are getting

23、 older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. 2. 命题人常用技巧“逆向否定”法。60.Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?A.To draw federal agriculture officials' attention.B.To select qualified agriculture graduates.C.To clarify a recent blog posting.D.To talk more

24、students into farming careers解答：1. making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. 2. 命题人常用技巧“同意替换”法。In hopes of =in order to=to表目的。61.According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger peop

25、le because_.A.the government will cover production costsB.global food supplies will be even lowerC.investment in agriculture will be profitableD.America will increase its food export解答：1. said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. "Production costs are going to be valuable enough that y

26、ounger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture. " 2. 命题人常用技巧“句意概括”法。“I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows。我坚信我们身处农业的黄金时代。全球农业需求创历史新高，而供给却是历史新低。62.What

27、 do the underlined words "to turn around the statistics" in the last paragraph mean?A.To re-analyze the result of the national census.B.To increase agricultural production.C.To bring down the average age of farmers.D.To invest more in agriculture.解答：1. will motivate the next generation to

28、turn around the statistics. 2. 命题人常用技巧“答案环环相扣”法。从事农业的人口老年化，农业是最好时机。National agricultural census (人口普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.CMedical drugs sometimes ca

29、use more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so

30、 on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Resea

31、rchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light ca

32、n reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she a

33、nd her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber,

34、 and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) compone

35、nts that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and brea

36、k the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.选材：此话题大学英语四级考试曾出现过相似的文章，题为“butter 和 cream”的新

37、发现应用于药品研究。体裁：说明文话题：新材料，新方法，让“毒胶囊”消失。63.According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change.D. UV light.解答：1. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But trigg

38、ers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule. 2. 命题人常用技巧“逆向否定”法。64.Why in ONB unsatisfactory?A.It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B.I

39、t falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C.It has not come onto the market up till now.D.It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.解答：1. When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poison

40、ous to cells when it separates from the polymer. 2. 命题人常用技巧 “不绝对”法。65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. Protected B. formedC. exposedD. combined解答：1. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains

41、. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells. 2. 命题人常用技巧 “同意替换”法。DFranz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the

42、 frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.Wed just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept

43、a little, and so did I. "Are you crying?" one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. "I am," I told her, "and the funny thing is I've read it many times. "But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was a

44、lways going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more th

45、an I ever will, the novel's terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate (命运).For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster af

46、ter learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school-one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classesinto a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortabl

47、e with her new classmates. I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s.Along wit

48、h Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, "its about being a man, its about manliness. " I had never before seen the p

49、arallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白)read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing

50、 it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white. " His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

51、Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts.

52、We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.选材：此话题高考和大学英语四级考试曾出现过相似的文章，副科音乐或是教育的真谛。体裁：记叙文话题：学生不是只是考试和识记，更重要的是“唤醒他们的情感”。66.The underlined words in Paragraph 1

53、probably mean that a book helps to_A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life 'C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emolions解答：1. "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " 2. 命题人常用技巧 “抽象概括”法。 "Are you crying?" We are trying to teach students to re

54、ad increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity.67.Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?A.Because they spent much time reading it.B.Because they had read the novel before.C.Because they came from a public school. ,D.Because they had similar life experiences.解答：1. But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. 2. 命题人常用技巧 “抽象概括”法。68.The girl left the selective high school possibly because_.A. she w