时间状语从句

1、Grammar: adverbial clause of time 时间状语从句时间状语从句。I.when, while , as 可引导可引导When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.While he was in prison , he wrote his first novel. 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，从句用进行时或延续如果主句表示的是短暂动作，从句用进行时或延续性动作状态时性动作状态时,when,while,as可互换。可互换。II. 区别区别1. as多用于口语中，引导持续性动作

2、，侧重于多用于口语中，引导持续性动作，侧重于两个动作两个动作同时发生同时发生,有有“当当 的时候的时候”，“一边一边一边一边”或表示或表示“随着随着”的含义的含义,eg. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. As he grew older, he began to go deaf.2. while常引导常引导延续性动作延续性动作，表示的是一段时间，表示的是一段时间,不是一点不是一点时间时间,强调动作同时发生，相当于强调动作同时发生

3、，相当于during the time.Please dont talk so loud while others are talking.3. when 强调强调“特定时间特定时间”, 从句动作发生与主句动作之从句动作发生与主句动作之前时用前时用when，不可用，不可用while和和as。while还有对比的含义还有对比的含义,有时也表示有时也表示“尽管尽管”，引导让步，引导让步状语状语He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.I can have a rest when I have finished my work.I can ha

4、ve a rest when I have finished my work.All the lights went out when the clock struck All the lights went out when the clock struck twelve.twelve. whenwhen还可做并列连词还可做并列连词, ,意为意为“那时那时, ,这时这时”, ,相当相当于于and at this/that timeand at this/that timeWeWe are about toare about to set off on our wayset off on ou

5、r way whenwhen it suddenlyit suddenly began to rain.began to rain.I I was walkingwas walking on the streeton the street whenwhen I saw a tailors I saw a tailors shopshop. .I I had walkedhad walked 20 miles20 miles when when it started to rain.it started to rain.as, while, when 用法总结用法总结1. 都可以引导时间状语，且

6、意思为都可以引导时间状语，且意思为“当当的时候的时候”但但as和和 while常强调两个动作同时发生。当强调两个动作时间常强调两个动作同时发生。当强调两个动作时间 先后时只能用先后时只能用when。2 2. when. when还可做并列连词还可做并列连词, ,意为意为“那时那时, ,这时这时”, ,相当于相当于and at and at this/that time this/that time。且还可用于。且还可用于“hardly/scarcelyhardly/scarcelywhenwhen” 结构中，意为结构中，意为“刚刚就就”。3. while 有时表示转折或引导让步状语，意为有时表

7、示转折或引导让步状语，意为“然而然而”或或 “尽管尽管”。4. as 用法很多，引导时间状语时有时意为用法很多，引导时间状语时有时意为“一边一边一边一边” 或或“随着随着”。 也可做关系代词用与定语从句中，还可意为也可做关系代词用与定语从句中，还可意为 “尽管尽管”“”“因为因为”“”“按照按照”等，引导让步、原因、方式等等，引导让步、原因、方式等 状语从句。状语从句。Grammar 2: past perfect tenseGrammar 2: past perfect tense 过去的两个动作，如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，过去的两个动作，如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，发生在前的

8、就用过去完成时，即发生在前的就用过去完成时，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。eg. When he reached the shop, it had already closed.1. 在在by,by the end of,by the time 后接某一表示过后接某一表示过去的时间时去的时间时。He had copied the report three times by ten last night.By the end of last Friday, the project had already been completed. We had hoped to catch the 8:00

9、bus, but found it gone.3. no soonerthan., hardly/ scarcelywhen.中，前面中，前面用完成时，表示用完成时，表示“刚刚就就” / “一一.就就.”TheyThey had hardlyhad hardly beenbeen seated seated whenwhen the bus startedthe bus started. .I I had no soonerhad no sooner finished the workfinished the work thanthan the light went the light wen

10、t out.out.I I had scarcelyhad scarcely closed the windowclosed the window whenwhen the storm came.the storm came.I had thought he had died.2. 表示原计划打算做某事而没有办成。表示原计划打算做某事而没有办成。 常用词有常用词有: want,mean, plan,hope think ,suppose, expect etc.此句式可以变成倒装，时态不变。此句式可以变成倒装，时态不变。Hardly had they been seated when the

11、bus started.No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.4. 在有在有before and after 的时间状语从句中，因为有了明的时间状语从句中，因为有了明确的前后关系，主句可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。确的前后关系，主句可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。The train left before he got there.I played computer games after I (had) finished my homework.Exercises:1. He was about to tell

12、me the secret _someone patted him on the should. A. As B. until C. while D. when2. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A.wouldnt expect B. havent expectedC. hadnt expected D. wasnt expectingDC3. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. Wh

13、ile B. Since C. As D. IfA4. I will go home _ I have finished my homework. A. until B. when C. as D. while5.By the end of last year, another new hospital _ . A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completedBD6. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait u

14、ntil her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come7. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ father was away in Paris. A. as B. that C. during D. if CA8. John and I _ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a

15、Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen9. The new bridge _ by the end of this month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. is designed D. will have been designed10. _exercis

16、e I, we went to do another exercise. A. Having finished B. Finishing C. After finished D. When finishingDDA11. - What was the party like ? - Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since12. - Can I join your club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. get B

17、. will get C. are getting D. will have got13. - How long has this bookshop been in business? - _ 1932. A. After B. In C. From D. Since DAD14. _ you received the news? A. When was it that B. When was it C. When it was that D. When it was15. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to

18、fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly16. - What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening? - I _ my homework and was starting to take a bath. A. had just finished B. was finishing C. have already finished D.was going to finishABA16. The rest of money _ spent so far. A. was B. have been C. has been D. had been