高中英语基础知识点

1、句子的基本结构： 句子 = 主语+ 谓语 1.主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。 2.在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。 一：主语是一句话的主题，是句子陈述，说明的的对象。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”“什么现象”“什么情况” 。 名词 代词：数词：动名词:To do不定式 一个句子: 名词：none（n.）普通名词， 专有名词 普通名词： 1 表实际事物的词：book table house apple mil

2、k water honey 2 集体名词：family army the government 3 抽象名词： honesty happiness love sadness anger thinking (思想 注意普通名词的数：可数（C）与不可数（U） 1集体名词都可数，并无单复数形式，只表复数。The Chinese people are hard-working. 注：表一类人或事地三种方法：the+ n（单）、the +adj , a/an+n(单 2抽象名词一般不可数，表单数。The milk is out of date. 例外：Hope experience impression

3、 changes ideas suggestions 3实际事物可数名词的变化规律： 1 一般情况加-s 2以 s, sh ,ch ,z, x 结尾加-es Classes, dishes. Churches , buzzes(嗡嗡声, boxes, 3以 辅音字母+y 结尾。把y 变为i再加es Parties families 4以辅音字母+o 结尾，加es Heroes(英雄 potatoes(土豆 tomatoes(西红柿 goes 例外：pianos kiols photos 5以f/fe 结尾,去f/fe加ves Leaf(叶子 :leaves knife（小刀）: knives

4、thief（小偷）: thieves 6复合名词：1 man doctor: men doctors / woman doctor: women doctors 2traffic light : traffic lights / housewife :housewives 3looker-on : lookers-on / passer-by: passers-by 专有名词：表示特别的人，滴，事物的的特有名称。 1 人名：lily ,Julia ,Jack, LiMing / Mr.Brown , Miss Li , Dr. Jack , Lady Wang , professional G

5、rey / the Lord , the Emperor Napoleon , the son of Sam 2 地名：America(USA , Asia , Britain , Span , Pearl Harbour ,the western China 3时间：表月份：January February March April May June July August September October November December 表星期:Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 表具体时间: Today,

6、tomorrow, yesterday , the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday ,morning, afternoon ,evening, midnight ,six oclock in the afternoon 表节日:New Year 新年 Christmas Day 圣诞 ValentineDay 情人节 4报刊，书名：The Times (泰晤士报 Life （生活周刊）Gone With the Wind ，飘 5单位，团体名称：the united nations (联合国 congress（美国国会） SISU （川

7、外Sichuan International Studies Univer sity） Yale university (耶鲁大学 代词：用以代替名词，以及起名词作用的词。 1 人称代词. 主格(作主语： I you he she it we you they 宾格（做宾语）：me you him her it us you them 2物主代词： 形容词性物主代词(位于名词前做定语： my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词（做表语或宾语）：mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 3反身代词(做表语，宾语

8、：myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself 4相互代词(做宾语：each other , one another 5指示代词(做定语，表语，宾语： this that these those it such 6疑问/关系代词：who whose which what whom when where 7不定代词：some something somebody someone /any anything anybody anyone /no nothing nobody no one

9、 /every everything everyone /each/much many/ little a little /few a few/ other another /all /none/ one / both either /neither 数词： 基数词 序数词: first second third forth fifth /sixth seventh ninth tenth Eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth Twentieth thirtieth Twenty-first forty- seventh Hundredth thousa

10、ndth millionth billionth 分数 ： 1/2 :a(one half 1/3 :a/ one third 2/3 two thirds 1/4 a (one quarter/fourth 3/4 three quarters(fourths 作定语时：加连字符 one-third two-thirds 5 1/2 : five and a half 7 2/5: seven and two fifths 小数点：1.25 ：one point two five 3.654 : three point six five four 0.045 ：naught/zero poi

11、nt naught four five 百分数： 300%; three hundred per cent 动名词做主语： Seeing is believing . Travelling abroad is very exciting . -to do 做主语 To see is to believe. To believe him is difficult. 二：谓语用来说明主语的情况。是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 跟汉语一样，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语动词：实意动词/系动词 简单句: 1 主语+实意动词+宾语(名词、代词、数词、动名词

12、、To do不定式、一个句子 Tom hates dogs. He can do it. The number of the students is fifth. I like swimming. She feels great. It is beautiful. The only thing you have to do is (to cut off the line. It is very interesting that he likes foreign culture. 注：双宾语：he give me a pen . Miss Li passed a book to LiXiao.

13、She asks me to do the work. He makes the baby laugh. 简单句的修饰： 1状语来修饰整个句子，或谓语动词。 状语：副词，介词短语，或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。 频率副词：always often sometimes never 形容词转为副词：quickquickly large-largely fortunatefortunately Tom hates dogs very much. He can do it quickly. I like swimming so much. She really feels great . It is rather cold. 2定语来修饰做主语，宾语，表语的名词. Little