初级中学英语音标发音规则

1、一、元音和辅音英语共有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。辅音和元音在英语中的作用, 就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。英语音标表英语国际音标表，dj音标）单元音短元音i同卬同川同同长元音由0： nJ a：双元音ai 3i au ou £3 eo uoj清浊成对的辅音清辅音pl ft k f 91 s is tri UHtJl浊辅音b dHg V 3 2 dz dr J td3其它辅音M m n ij jj i j w元音：元音：发音响亮，是乐音，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分.英语 中有20个元音.(A)单元音a.前元音： / i: 1,1 i

2、/, / e 1,1 ? /b.中元音：/ ?: 1,1 ? /c.后元音：/?:/,/ ? /, / u /, / u： /, / a: /, / A /(B)双元音 (8个)：a.合口双元音：/ ei /, / ?u /, / ai /, / au /, / i/b.集中双兀首：/ i ? /, / ? /, / u? /B.辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英 语中有28个辅音.辅音的分类：按其发音的方法分，有：a.爆破音 / p /,/ b /,/t/, / d /,/ k /,/ g/b.摩擦音 / f/,/ v /,/0/, / e / ,/ s

3、 /,/ z /c.破擦音 / t ，/ d ? /, /tr/ , /dr/ , /ts/, /dz/d.鼻音 / m / ,/ n /,/ ? /e.旁流音(舌侧音)/ l /巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十 八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发 音特点应掌握。串兀目/ i: /-Ee/i:/i:舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/、Gg/d ?i:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/i:是字母e、ea、ee、ie、

4、ei在单词中的发音(1) e we me he she be fever meter evening(2) ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean(3) ee three tree green sheep meet beef see seek(4) ie piece(5) ei receive ceiling1 -big /big/舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音 ，发此音要短促而 轻快。i是字母e、i、y在单词中的发音，(1) e begin English pretty cinema decid

5、e delicious(2) i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss(3)y boy city very sorry many twenty happy dictionarye -egg / eg /舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。Ffef、Mmem、Nnen、Ssese是字母e、ea、a在单词中的发音(1)e bed red let get leg pen elephant desk better(2)eaheadbreadpleasure(3)a many any/ ? / -bag / b ?g

6、 /?双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。bad am and at sad hand happy hat map mad black back glad flag man/ ?: /-bird /b?:d /?：舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。 是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音(1) erher term(2) ir girl bird first third thirty shirt skirt birthday(3) orwork wordworld(4) urnurse turnhurt Th

7、ursday?-today / t ?'dei /?舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。是字母a、e、or、er、ur 或ar在单词中的发音(1)a about above along America around banana Canada china(2)o together tomorrow today police(3)u autumn(4)or doctor actor work homework housework vistorforget(5)er father mother brother sister ruler water dinner driver

8、farmer(6)ur surprise Saturday(8)ar dollar?: -all ?:l双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。母o、al、ar、or、oar、our 或00r 在单词中的发音(1)o story offo、 u、mirror是字(2)al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk (3)ar warm quarter(4)au August autumn daughter(5)or for short sport more horse(6)oar board blackboard cardboar

9、d(7)our four your(8)oor door floor? -box /b?ks/双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音 是字母a、o在单词中的发音(1) (w)a want wash watch what。 hot lot not on sorryu:-dodu:双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发 “屋”之长音。Uuju:Ww'd?blju:是字母o、u、oo或ou在单词中的发音(1) o do to who two u blue glue June(3) oo food room pool boot school too zoo(

10、4) ou soup group throughu -put/put/双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音。woman wolf(2)oo book look good foot wood(3)oul could would should(4)u put sugar full push pullQ：-arm/ a:m/Rra：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。(1)a fast class last glass plant(2)ar car farm card far garden part

11、y park? - cupk?pWw'd?blju:双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音 是字母。或u在单词中的发音(1)o come none love other son mother(2)oo blood flood(3)ou touch country enough young(4)u bus sun but cut up us run双元音ei - Aa ei舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。Hhei?、Jjd?ei、Kkkei是字母a在开音节中的读音。 a name cake game face late g

12、ate plane Aprilsay way ai rain train wait ay day may okay play today ea great break ei(gh) eight eighteen eighty ey they greyai -eye ai Yy wai将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的读音：(1)i bike fine find die nine light night high(2)y my try fly eye?i-oil?il双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。是字

13、母oy和oi在单词中的读音(1)oy boy toy joy(2)oi soil voice choice pointau -out aut将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音(1)ouout about house blouse loud ow how now cow town?u-old ?uld Oo？u口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。是字母o、oa和ow在单词 中的发音 (1)o go no nose home open(2)oa goat boat coat(3)ow show know yell

14、ow window owner snowi?-ear i ?双唇张开呀床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母 ear、ere、ea、eer在单词中的读音(1)earealidea(2)earearheardearnear clear(3)eerdeercheerbeer(4)ere here?-air ?双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。是字母air、are、ear、ere在单词中的读音(l)air air hair chair fair are care hare parent ear pear wear bear ere there where

15、u ?-hour双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。 是字母our、oor、ure、eer在单词中的读(l)ure sure00r poorourtour26个英文字母的音标AaBbCcDdEcFfGgZei/ /bi:/ /si:/ /di:/ /i:/ /ef/HhhJjKkLIMmNn/eitjy /ai/ /d 3ei/kei/el/etn/en/OoPpQq RrSsTtZau/ /pi:/ /kju:/ /a:/ Zes/ /ti:/ LJu VvWw/ju:/ /vi:/ / dAblju:/ XxYvZz /eks/ /wai/

16、 /zi:/zed/,、一儿日/i:/feefeedfeetteasea seek/?/fitdiddickpigpillpity/e/bedbetterbegbellbestsaid/?/lablackbagbackbannerflag/ Q：/carcardbarbathfarfather/ ?/bussumsupperrunrushrubber/?：/doorfourformsawsoughtsorter/ ? /songsocksorrylongIlossdog/ u:/twotoolsoonblueschoolgoose/ u/goodbookstoodfoolcookput/ ?:

17、/sirservesurfacestirturnwere/?/againabovearrivereadereditor/e?/paypainpacesaysaverain/a?/whywideeyeicelieline/?/joyjoinboypointcoin(choice/?/beerfearhearhererealtheatre/e ?/aircaredare1beartheredairy/ u ?/tourt.ouristpoorsureduring/?u /lowloadhoehomehopeknow/au /nowmouseloudmouthaowWiT/p/parkpigpath

18、lampsleepcap/b/bedlabbookbitbestjob/ t/teatellmeethatspitewaiter/d/deskdatediceandfindred/ kJkeykisskeepcakeinkweek/g/gategamegeteggagoleg/f/fatfastfeelfirstleafwife/v/veryvastverbbelievehavebrave/s/seeseeksonsnowbusless/z/zoozerozeallayssize eyes/ 0/thinkthankthingclothbreath/e/thisthatthenbreathew

19、ithbathe/7sheepshareshavepushcrash/?/measurepleasuretreasureoccasion/t 7chaircheaprichreachcatch/d ?/jeepjokeJanelargeorange/tr/treetriptrytraintradetranslate/dr/dressdrydrivedropdreamdraw/ts/treatsstreetswaitsgetsmeets/dz/wordsbirdskindsaidsleads/ h/headhearthowhighhand/ r/rosericereadriverrainpret

20、ty/m/makemuchmonthmembersame/n/nicenorthnameneedsoon/?/inkthinkthankangrythingsing/ j/yardyesyetyearyouryellow/ w/wordwouldworldwakewindow/ ?letlifelakebellsilkfool音节音素：音的最小单位，英语中有48个音素.音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.开音节：1）辅音+ 元音+ 辅音+ 不发音 e 如:kite cake name bike make takehome plane shine2）辅音 + 元音 如:he hi go no do

21、 be tree three hello闭音节：1)辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 ：sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2) 元音 + 辅音 如：it is of in on up out antA chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.A mouse is in the cat ' s mouth.A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea1,、一兀首：1) i:字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green

22、 sheep meet beef see seekeat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak cleanpiece receive ceiling2)发音字母iyesit ture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious3) ?发音字母abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man4) e

23、字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any5)：字母组合 ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third birdturn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world6)目字母组合 er or ou

24、ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasurefamiliar collar dollartogether tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington controlaround account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listenfamulus Saturday7) a:字母组合ar a

25、car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm8):发音字母 u o ou ooup supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love abovetrouble rough flourishblood flood9) 口字母组合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walkshort more lord horse for forty sport door floor stor

26、eauthor caught autumnfour mourn court boughtwarm quarrel quarter10) 口发音字母o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch11) u:字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12)字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book woodshould couldput full bull

27、pull pushwoman wolf13) ei发音字母 a ay ea ai eyname cake late gate plane Aprilplay say may waygreat breakrain paint plainthey grey14) ai发音字母i ybike fine find die nine light night highmy try fly eye15) au字母组合 ou owhouse out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town16

28、)却发音字母 o ow oahome cold go no phone host ghostknow low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) 口字母组合oy oiboy toy joyoil soil voice choice18) i 目字母组合 eer earbeer deerear nearhere fierce idea19) 口字母组合ear air erepear bearchair air fairthere wherecare20) u 字母组合our owerhour tourflower shower2容易混淆的元音A

29、ebad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad saidi： eireal rail greet great mean main read raide aibet bite red write said side head hideaU R :house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count cornaU Qfound fond down done gown gone town tonAQfan fun tan tun san son tank tun3辅音1) pen p

30、ear play pig pour pull push2) book big boot bike bread break3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky （发音字母 k）card cat cream correct climb come account accept （ 发音字母 c） fox box oxygen x-ray （发音字母 x）school schedule sc

31、hema （ 字母组合 ch）6) g girl good goal goat grade long language7) m man make moon morning move come comb8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean9) N uncle bank English think thank junksing king morning evening10) l long land lend lord fly flag blackworld cold could goal soul11) r read red right run

32、room write12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wifecough laugh rough physic photo phone13) v very evening even every voice vestof14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf （发音字母 s）license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate （发音字母 c）piece juice science lance space ace （字母组合 ce）1

33、5) z zoo zebra zero zapclose nose hose suppose pause those whose16) W think thank three thirty tooth mouth17) T that this those these though18) F sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush washnation attention stationsocial specialsure19) V pleasure20) h hot hop home house horse how who21) w when what where

34、 window wind wood22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow23) tF child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach24) dV age language cabbage vegetable stage bridgejoy enjoy join July June junk25) tr tree country try treat track trunk26) dr dry dream drop drive drink27) ts students boots boats goats n

35、uts28) dz goods woods moods hoods1 .字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/,此处u不作元音.2 . 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle),其他字母前读做/k/(cut,cap, cop).3 .字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give);其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go,gust).4 .元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u),有助于 学生正确划

36、分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port rather than rep ort).5 .字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).6 .一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).7 .有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she,和he的短单词末尾的字母e 读做e,较长的单词末尾的e不发音)尾字母e不发音应该被认为是“having a job "(承担一项工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute使他前面的元音字母发字母音 .7.2 love give bl

37、ue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使 g 和 c 读软音/j/ 和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause这一条被 Spalding 女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e,并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母 e 都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以 s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是 pur

38、s, false 不是 fals).7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如 awe, ewe, rye7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义.如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的，现在不发音.如 treatise giraffe8 .有五种字母组合发/er/的音/,记住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early.这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音.还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如 dollar, doctor.9 . 1-1-1规则：单音节单词中

39、，结尾是单元音加单个辅音的，在添加以元音开始 的词尾变化时，需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop-hop ped).但是词尾是x除外，因为它由两个音/ks/.10 . 2-1-1规则：双音节词中，结尾是单元音加单个辅音的，在添加以元音开始的 词尾变化时，需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin- be gin +ning).第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11 .去e规则，以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的 e.(come-coming)12 .是ie还是ei? 一般情

40、况下，应该是ie,但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音 时，用 ei(neighbor, weigh, vein).还有下面的例外情形 Neither foreignsovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird proteinheifer:13 .音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish),还用在一个音节的结尾 (fin ish),但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头，除非是以ship结尾(wor ship,friend ship).14 .音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头，发音/sh/.