小学超全英语语法知识汇总PPT讲解

1、小学超全英语语法知识汇总 PPT讲解k冠词名词代词形京词副词教词介词Can句型There be句型动词时志短词於友宛祠af an定冠词,the1、基本用法,不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义, 但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这“，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思, 词前面都可以用。在可数的单复数名词或不可数名第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an,表示泛指。 再次提到某人或某物时，用定冠词the,特指上文提到的人、 事或物。如：There is a pen and a pencil in my pencil-2、A与an的用法区别:a

2、用于辅音音素前（辅音音素指的是发音，不 是指辅音字母），如：a university student如:而an则用于元音音素前（不是元音字母）， an egg, an orange, an onion.1)i: sea 2) i sit 3) e bed 4)aebad 5) a: car 6) hot, want 7)川 door 8)u good 9) u look 10) A cup 11) 9： girl 12) q JSaturday 13) ei cake 14) ai bike 15) au cold 16) au house 17) pi boy 18) id dear 19)

3、 e care 20) ua tour3、定冠词与零冠词的用法区别:在序数词和形容词的最高级前面用the,如：The library ison the first floor. Summer is the hottest season of the year.在球类、三餐前通常不用冠词，如：play football, play baseball, eat lunch, eat dinner等。在月份、星期、季节等名词的前面通常不用冠词，如：inJan., on Monday, in summer等。Exercise:1. Gilbert is 2. She is3. Im4. He*s5.

4、He likes6. Robert is7. He is playing8. He is playing9. Sophie is on在乐器名词前用the,表示演奏，如：play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar等。Italian taxi driver. housewife.English. American policeman. book in his shelf.engineer.violin.football.second floor.10. She will come back onMonday.二、名词可於名祠的系可叙名词名词夏

5、数形式的规则变化:名词复数形式的特殊变化,manimen foot-feet teeth2.词尾发生变化,如：childichildren变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾加-Sbook-books pen-pens以-s/-x /ch /-h结尾的名词 在词尾加YSboxiboxesbusibuses以辅音字母加_y结尾的单词， 要变y为b再加心familyifamilies baby-babies（以元音字母加-Y结尾的单词直接加sboy-boys key-keys）以博fe结尾的词，多数把谏 fe变为v,再加一leaf-leaves knife-knives以。结尾的词，有生命的加-es,无生

6、命的加-stomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes zoo-zoos photo-photos1 .改变中间元音字母，如:woman-womengoose-geesetoothfish-fish ， sheep一sheep ， deer一deer3.单、复数形式相同，如;名词所有格（1）表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，一般用S表示。 一般在单数名词的词尾加s,如:Chen Jie mother.以s结尾的复数名词只加，不以s结尾的赁数名词要加s,如 : The students bags The children s presents（2）表示几个人共有样东西，只需在

7、最后一个人名字后 加s,如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加So如：Jim and Mikes room （共用）的房间,Jims and Mikes rooms（各自）的房间（3）表示无生命的事物的所有格形式：名词+。色 a picture of my roomHer hair is longer than mine.人载代铜 勃工代镯 会东代铜人称代词一格_数队称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou笫三人称heUmsheheritit复数第一人称weUS第二人称YOU .you第三人称theythemHe is taller than me. my hajr三、代词形容词性物主代

8、词与名词性物主代词的区别：Her hair is longer than mine.有名则形，无名则名。如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词，就不能再用 冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等核饰词了 丽如：这是他的书桌c This is his desk.与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放 在形容词的前面。如：his English books他的英语 书，their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友cIts a bird. Its name is Polly.它是一只鸟。它的名字叫波利。Hes a student. Hi

9、s mother is a teacher.三、代词物主代词数看一主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性 物主代词第一人称Imemvmine单第二人称youyouvouryourshehimhishis数第三人称sheherherhersitititsitsa第一人称weUSourours第二人称youyou，our .yours数第三人称theythemMJ指示代词this/these指空间上较近的事物：thaVthose指空间上较远的事物。Exercise:从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put(they

10、, them, their, theirs) away.2. (We, Us, Our, Ours)English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like(she， her, hers).3. (h Me, My, Mine)cant get my kite. Could you help (h me, my mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help(he, him, his)?5. We cant find our bikes.Can you help(we, us* our, ours)?6.

11、 (This, these) are(he him, his) planes. The white ones are(L me# mine).四.彬客祠和副祠1、形容词的比较级：A + be动词+形容词比较级+ than +BYou are taller than your mother.形容词比较级的变化规则：一般在词尾加er ,如：tall -taller, strong - stronger.以不发音的e结尾时加r,如：fine - finer, late-later.以辅音字母加y结尾时，先改y为i再加er,如：funny- funnier, heavy-heavier.以重读闭音节结

12、尾并且词末只有一个辅音字雪，双写 最后的字母再加er,如：big-bigger,hot- hotterl2.副词可以分为：时间副词，如:now, yesterday, todays；频度副词，如:often, usually, never, sometimes, always等；/ 程度副词，如:very, t。, much, so等。Yesterday, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, last Monday, last weekend, last night, last month, last year, just now, on my holi

13、day, yesterday morning /afternoon/ evening/. 1. My brother is two years(old)than me. 2. Tom is as(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is(thin)zyou or Helen? 5. Marys hair is as(long) as Lucy/s. 7.Ben (jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class. 6.My eyes are(big) t

14、han(she). 7.Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig? 8.Who gets up(early)Jim or Tom?五.烈词基数词：表示数目（多少）的数词。年龄和时间的表达用基数词。One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight NineEleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen NineteenTwenty-one Twen tv-two Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seven八 Eighty N

15、inetyLearn these numbers and find ouft 一起找规律俨 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10由first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20theleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth21”22nd23rd24

16、th25th26th27th28th29th30thtwenty-first twenty-second twenty-thirdtwenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth31st thiMy-first注意：序数词在使用时，通常前面耍嘤冠词the H期用序数词表加，前面可加the,也可以省略,基支序，有规律,二、三单独记C遇到ve, f替，后跟th莫迟疑。八去t来、九去C o-ty变为 tie,若想表示几十几,t*velve_tWGlfth five f

17、ifthtwenty_ twentieth dght_ eighth thirty-one_ thirty-first2、按要求变换句子。1、My birthday is onfourth（对划线部分提问）When is your birthday?能力训练2、Nick is thirteen（提问）How old is Nick?3、My birthday is on January 10fL（一股疑问句并做否定回答）Is your birthday on January710th? No iteUSna week序数词:1st2nd3rd4th5thMonth?6th7th争FridayS

18、aturday写出下列月份的简写,Say the months January February MarchaenjuariffebruariSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Aprilipralmei Maydsu:n June Decembere July August September October Novemberduilai ：gast sepftembe kauba nauemba disemba1. Spring Festival （#Ti）is inJanuary or February 1Fr2. Tree Planting

19、 Day （植树节）is in March3. Mothers Day is in May .4. National Day （国庆节）is in October5. Teachers* Day is in September . Christmas Day （圣诞节）is in Decemher April Fools Day （愚人节）is in Ai）ril . Childrens Day （儿童节）is in June . Students have summer holiday（暑假） July Thanksgiving（感恩节）is in Nve句型：When is your bi

20、rthday/ New Years Day/.?Whats the date?年：先读前两位，再读后两位，用基数词表示。in 1973月：缩写形式，首字母要大写。in Sept口： 一般用序数词表示。on June the first, 2013(on June 1st, 2013)3、时间的表达 直接读出数字，先读小时，再读分钟 半点或半点以内，用past: 7:05 five past seven 超过半小时，接近整点时，用t。： 4:50 ten to five 一亥钟用a quarter 9:15 a quarter past nine他7:45到达学校。He gets to scho

21、ol at a quater to nine.1、时间介词: at, in, on, before, after,.at, in, on在表示时间时的区别：年用in,月用in,季节前面也用in,上午下午还用in.H子前面要用。n,若是遇到了时刻，就用at加前面。2、方位介词：on, in, under, behind, in front of, near, over.on, over在表示位置上的区别：on表示在上面，强调两个物体相接触。如：There is a book on the desk.over表示垂直在上的正上方，两个物体表面没有接触。如：There is a bridge ove

22、r the river.A 0 4七、私句型（一）基本用法:1 .表示体力或脑力方面的能力，意为“能；会”等。例如:I cando the dishes. I can swim.2.表示请求或允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以；能”等。 用于疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句表示不允许。例如Can I help you? You cant play basketball.Can you.? “请你好吗？ ”表示说话人的请求；Canl.? “我可以吗？”用来征求对方是否允许自己 做某事。如：Can I wear my T-shirt today? fb（二）基本句式:句式肯定句构成与变化否定句一般疑问

23、句主语+can+动词原形+其它如：I can play the piano.主语+can、+动词原形+其它fill: I cant play the piano.Can+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Can you play the piano?Yes, I can. /No, I cant.特殊疑问词+ can开头的一般疑问句?如：What can you do?How can I get to the park?Exercise:一、改错C()1 We can help she . ()2 She cant washes the clothes.()3 What can the cat doe

24、s ? ()4 Can you eat those beef? No, I can .二、填空。特殊 疑问句（不会打扫房间）.cookthe meals.（我妈妈会做饭）。2345SheMy mother（她姐姐会说英语。）Her sister speak English .（你会唱歌吗？ ）sing?与have (has)的区别：there be表示在某疝有臬物(或人)；have (has)表示 某人拥有某物，二者不能同 时出现在句子中。 some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some用于 肯定句，any用于否定句或飞 疑问句。f :、八、Ikenc您转狗意义：表示在某地有某

25、物(或人)主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用ae;如果有几件物品，be动词根据最接近加的那个名词决定，简称“就近原则” o如：There is a pencil-case and three books in my schoolbag. There are three books and a pencil-case in my schoolbag.句式：否定句在be动词后加not, 一般疑问句把be动词放句首。 用恰当的be动词填空。 1、There a lot of sweets in the box. 2、Theresome milk in the glass.3、Ther

26、e some people under the the big tree. 4、There a picture and 4 maps on the wall. 5、There lots of flowers in our garden last year. 6、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 7、There four cups of coffee on the table. ( )8.There not milk in the cup on the table .原形、第三人叁单眼、 祗A今钩.过去X,现在分词变化规则:变

27、化规则一般情况直接加-ing以不发音的。结尾的动词，去e加-ing以觥闭音节结尾并且词末 只有一个辅音字母时，双写 最后一个辅音字母再加-ing举例gogoing jumpjumpingwrite-writing come_coiningrunrunning swi m-swimmin g第三人称单数变化规则;变化规则举例一般情况在动词词尾加Tplayplays sing-sings以ch, sh, s, x结尾的动词后加-esteachteaches wash-washes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词， 先变y为i,再加flvflies study-studies过去式变化规则:举例变化规则般在

28、词尾直接加-edplayplayed clean-cleaned以不发音的c结尾直接加-dliveliveddance-danced以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，studystudied 先变y为i,再力口以重读闭音节结尾并且词末stopstopped只有一个辅音字母时，双写 最后一个辅音字母再加l *规则动词:1 . 一般在动词末尾加-ed:play watch wash clean visit cook walk jump return learn climb ski row relax2 .结尾是e加比 如：taste-tasteddance- danced, prepare- prepar

29、ed 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读 闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如： stop-stopped, tr ip- tr ipped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-eddodid, gowent, readread , sing- sang, eatate, taketook, have-had, buybought, seesaw, get-got, iswas, arewe re, leaveleft, swimswam, flyflew, comecame补充：不规则动词的过去式（认知 am/is- was swim- swam are- wer

30、e have- had read - read put-put write-wrotesee- sawsing- sangtake- tooksay saidget -gotcome- came buy- bought go- wentrun-ran make- fly- fie draw- winwon十、时态1、一般现在时（一）意义：表示经常发生的事情、动作或存在的状态（-）构成及变化：Be动词的变化俵1)肯定句否定句一般疑问句主语+be (am, is, are)+其它 如：He is my math teacher主语+ be + not +其它如 He is not my math

31、teacher.Be +主语+其它？如：Is he your math teacher?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.特殊 疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Who is your math teacher?1、一般现在时俵2）行为动词的变化当主语为第一、二人称及发数时，助动词为do肯定句主语+动词原形（+其它）如：We often play football on the weekend.否定句一般疑 问句主语+ dorf t+动词原形（+其它）如：we dont play football on the weekend.Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如：Do you of

32、ten play football on the weekend?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+以d。开头的一般疑问句?如：What do you often do on the weekend?晨一般现在时俵3）行为动词的变化当主语为第三人称单数时，助动词为does肯定句主语+动词三单形式（+其它）。 如：He lives in Beijing.否定句主语+ doesn，+动词原形（+其它）。 如：He doesnt live in Beijing.一股疑 问句Does +主语+动词原形+其它？如：Does he live in Beijing ?Ye

33、s, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑 问句特殊疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？ 如： Where does he live?1、一般现在时（三）时间标志：常与频度副词连用,如：always, usually, often, sometimes9 never.十、时态2、现在进行时（一）意义：当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。（二）构成：be动词（am, is ,are） +动词ing形式（三）时间标志：now,句前一般有look, listen等词c肯定句否定句主语+ be +动词ing +其他. 如；Im reading a book.主语+ be + n

34、ot +动词ing +其他. 如：Im not reading a book.一般疑问句特殊疑问句十、时态3、一般将来时（一）意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的 状态，也表示将来某个时间经常或重复发生的动作。特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 如：What are you doing?Be+主语+动词ing +其他？ 如： Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, Pm not.（二）构成：be going t。+动词原形：表示打算、计划、准备做的 事或可能将要发生的事情。will+动词原形：表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有 太多的计划性，还用来表示意愿。（三）时间标志：常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, soon, next week/ month/morning/ afternoon/ evening .be going to +动词原形3、一a般寻来时肯定句 主语+be(am /is/ are) going to +动词原形+将来时间 ：Im going to read a magazine this evening.否定句 主语+be not going to +动词原形+将来时间.I am not going to read a magazine this evening.一般疑