高中英语语法讲练二数词与主谓一致

1、 高中英语语法讲练二 数词与主谓一致【要点点拨】1、hundred ; thousand ; million ; dozen ; score等数词在表示确数时，须用它们的单数形式，后接名词的复数。 e.g. two hundred students, three dozen pens在表示约数时，须用复数形式，后接of， 再接名词的复数。e.g. thousands of flies, millions of small fishes, scores of days 注意以下三点：1） 这些数词后面习惯上直接跟名词的复数，表泛指 e.g. two dozen eggs；但如果所跟的名词是特指的

2、，或该名词前有：the ; ones ; these / those等限定词，或这些数词后所跟的不是名词，而是代词，则数词后必须用of。 e.g. a hundred of the books ,many of these trees ; much of it2) some , many , several：这三个数词也被认为是确数，只是较含糊而已。e.g. some dozen eggs ; many score books3) score：不管是确数还是约数，后面都要跟of， 只是当它是确数时，of通常省略。e.g. a score (of) books ; three score (of

3、) students；但：scores of books ; three score of the students2、 在八十年代：in the 80s = in the 80s = in the eighties；在五十多岁时：in ones 50s = in ones 50s = in ones fifties 注意：in ones teens：在十几岁时3、含有数词的复合形容词，在句中一般只作定语，分以下几种构词法： 1) 数词-名词（单）e.g. a three-day holiday= three days holiday = a holiday for three daya fi

4、ve-minute walk= five minutes walk = a walk for five minutes2) 数词-词（单）- 形容词 e.g. a five year-old boy= a boy five years old a three-kilometre-long river= a river three kilometers long 3) 数词名词ed. e.g. a one-eyed cat = a cat with only one eye a three-legged chair = a chair with three legs a two-wheeled

5、cart = a cart with two wheels a five-storeyed/storied building= a building with five storeys/stories4、分数、百分数和小数： 1). 分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于或等于“二”时，分母要用复数。e.g. one third ; two fifths。注：二分之一：a half, 四分之一：a quarter, 四分之三：three quarters 2) 百分数：一般在数词后面+ percent 即可，e.g. 10 %（读作ten percent） 3)小数：小数点前面的数字按一

6、般的读法，小数点后面的数字逐个读。 e.g 25.789读作：twenty-five point seven eight nine注：当分数和百分数引导的名词短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词取决于其后所跟的名词，如果是单数名词或不可数名词，则用：is / does，如果是复数名词，则用：are / do.e.g. Two thirds of the book is interesting, the rest is not. 90% of the students are League members. 但：30% of the population are workers5、倍数：我们用一个具体的

7、句子来说明倍数的五种表示法：他的体重是我体重的三倍。1） He is three times as heavy as I. 2)He is twice heavier than I. 3) He is three times the weight of me. 4)His weight is three times that of mine.5)He is three times (of) my weight.注意点：1) 说到倍数，一定要先说几倍，再接比较方式；2) 比较状语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致。6、事物名称序号的表示：the+序数词+名词 = 名词+基数词 e.g. Lesson

8、Two= the Second Lesson ; part three= the third part ; 注：1）房间号、车牌号、页码、电话号码等常用：名词+基数词 形式。2）倒数第一：the last one / the first one from the end / bottom 倒数第二：the last but one / the second one from the end / bottom，其它类推。7、“每”：1) every e.g. 每五小时：every five hours = every fifth hour ; 每两天：every two days=every s

9、econd day=every other day 每几天：every few days (注意：few前不能用a) 2) per = each = a e.g. 每天三次：three times per / each / a day8、the +序数词：表示有限的次数/个数中的“第几个/次” e.g. This is the third season of the year. I like the first dress in the shop window.a + 序数词：虽然从先后顺序上是第几个，但由于没有数量限制，故用不定冠词：a，译成：又/再一。 e.g. He saw the fi

10、lm a third time. / After eating an apple, he had a second one.9、a 与one：一般在泛指时，用a，在强调数量或数词对比时，用one。 e.g. I have a pen. / I have one brother while he has two.- You have made some mistakes in the composition. - No, not some but one.a day or two = one or two days【直击高考】1. The house rent is expensive. Ive

11、 got about half the space I had at home and Im paying_here. A. as three times muchB. as much three times C. much as three timesD. three times as much2. It is reported that the US use _ energy as the whole of Europe. (MET 2004) A. as twiceB. twice muchC. twice much asD. twice as much3. He did it _ it

12、 took me. (2003 北京) A. one-third a timeB. one-third timeC. the one-third time D. one-third the time4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. (2003 上海) A. many ofB. masses of C. the number ofD. a large amount of【各个击破】1. Paper produced every ye

13、ar is _ the worlds production of vehicles. A. the three times weight ofB. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth ; isB. Two fifth ; areC. Two fifths ; isD. Two fifths ; are3. Mr. S

14、mith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner party. A. asked ; dozenB. suggested ; dozens of C. had ; dozen D. persuaded ; dozens4. I wonder if I can ask him _ time. A. fourB. fourthC. the fourthD. a fourth5. He came out _ in the track events. A. firstB. oneC. the firstD. the one6. He served in th

15、e army in _, when he was in _ . A. 1940s ; his twentiesB. 1940s ; the twenties C. the 1940s ; his twentiesD. the 1940s ; the twenties7. Which is wrong? “Take the medicine _ .” A. three times a dayB. twice a dayC. once ever 12 hoursD. two times every day8. Tom lives in _ building. A. a eight-storyB.

16、an eight-storeys C. an eight-storeyed D. an eighth-storey9. The Great Pyramid is about _ high. A. 144 metreB. 144-metre C. 144 metres D. 144-metres10. Our holiday comes in _ time. A. two-weeksB. two weeksC. two-weeksD. two weeks11.More than _ of the workers _ from Paris. A. ten percent ; isB. ten pe

17、rcent ; areC. three times ; wasD. ten percents ; comes12. When the bell rang announcing the end of class, students came out _ . A. by twos and threesB. by two and threeC. by two or threeD. by twos or threes13. _ people were killed in the earthquake. A. Ten of thousand of B. tens of thousand of C. te

18、n of thousands of D. Tens of thousands of14. Its up to me to get _ moving. A. us the fourB. we fourC. the four usD. the four of us15. Perhaps we can, just _ , use what we have to get a new evening dress for you. A. this onceB. for just onceC. only onceD. for onceKeys： 1-4 DDBB 1-5 BCADA 6-10 CDCCB 1

19、1-15 BADDA【要点点拨】英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1：either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody  做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neither of the t

20、wo sentences is correct . Everything around us is matter .(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。)None of them owns/own a car . Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.All are here. And all that can be done has been done.2 ：表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。Fiv

21、e minutes is enough . Four hundred francs is a lot of money .3：each and each ，every and every ;no and no ;many a and many a 等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary .No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .4：从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。To say so

22、mething is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式） “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do ?是句子，作主语） (注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .5：one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词

23、常用单数。One and half bananas is left on the table .6：用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month . Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .7 ：有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city .8：名词由an

24、d 或both and 连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop .9：people , public , police , cattle 做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.10：表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.但有a pai

25、r of 连接时，谓语动词使用单数。A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.11: 不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.12: 在or , either -or - , neither- nor - ,not only - but also - , not - but - , there be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。Either

26、 the teacher or the students are to blame. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.13 : 下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致: as well as ; rather than ; like ; except ; besides ; with ; along with ; including ; such - as- ; No one but Jack and Mary knows about

27、it . I as well as they am ready to help you .14：some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。 A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted .More than 70% of the earths surface is covered by water . Ten perce

28、nt of the apples are bad .The rest of the story needs no telling . He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play .15：由a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type , sort 等构成的类似的短语做主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词取得一致。This kind of apple sells well in China . Apples of t

29、his kind are highly priced .16：more than 开头的句子，看其后面的名词。More than one answer is written on the blackboard . More than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .17: 定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致，但one of +复数名词+who/ that / which 引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语，有为单数，无为复数。This is one of the best book

30、s that have appeared this year.She is the only one of those women who doesnt know a thing about knitting(编织) .18: population ; company ; class . team ; family ; group ; nation ; world ; government 等词做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词使用单数；如果强调组成成员，谓语动词使用复数。Our family has a reunion every year . His family are waiting f

31、or him .19 ：the +形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;若指单数，则用单数谓语动词。The rich are for the plan , but the poor are against it . The true is to be distinguished from the false .真实应与假相区别。(the true / the false表单数概念)20：a number of + 复数名词 结构应用复数动词。the number of + 复数名词 结构应用单数动词。如：A number of people were killed and injured in

32、the explosion .The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海啸) has grown to 160,000. 【各个击破】1.Have you heard that Tian Liang , along with his parents , _ to Canada ?Really ? No wonder I havent seen him these days .A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone2.Over three-quarter of the ci

33、ty _ destroyed in the Iraq War .A. is B. are C. were D. was 3.This kind of stories _ instructive while stories of that kind _ harmful to children .A. is ; seems B. are ; seem C. is ; seem D. are ; seems 4.Everybody in our hometown , men and women , young and old , _ sports and games .A. are fond of

34、B. joins C. enjoys D. go in for 5.The Whites family , which _ rather a large one , _ very fond of their house .A. were ; were B. was ; were C. were; was D. was ; was6.Not his son but his two daughters _ to Canada , never to be seen again .A. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been 7.When the

35、injured _ to the hospital , they came to _.A. was rushed ; life B. were rushed ; life C. rushed ; lives D. were rushed ; lives 8.Despite much research , there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _ not fully understood .A. are B. were C. is D. was 9. _ visitors to Hong Kon

36、g were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the people were.A. The number of B. A numbers of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of 10. Though small , the ant is as much as a creature as _ all other animals on earth .A. are B. is C. do D. have 11. Between the two rows of trees _ the teach

37、ing building .A. have B. has C. stands D. are 12.Every possible means _ tried but without much result .A. have been B. had C. has D. has been 13.The rest of the story _ no telling . Half of the students _ no interest in it .A. need ; has B. needs ; have C. needs ; has D. need ; have 14. John and Mar

38、y, _ sure to come to our party this evening.A. be B. are C. is D. to be15. This is the only one of the books on the subject _ ever been written in English .A. that has B. which have C. that have D. which is 16.Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _ to visit the museum_ asked to be a

39、t the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A are, are B. is , is C. are, is D. is , are17. A great many people_ present at the meeting . But many a man _ late for the meeting because of the traffic jam . A. are ; are B. is; is C. were ; was D. was ; are 18. He is the only one of the children who

40、often _ ill of others behind their backs .A. have spoken B. were speaking C. speaks D. speak 19. Its I who _ the Christmas gift to you .A. has sent B. have sent C. is going to fetch D. are going to fetch 20. What were your problems a year ago _ mine now .A. has become B. have become C. becomes D. be

41、cameKeys: BDCCB BBACA CDBAA CCCBB高考题欣赏1. Two _ died of cold last winter. (MET 88) A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be(MET 89)3. A libr

42、ary with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (MET 90) A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered4. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. (MET 91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided5. The hero of the story is an artist in h

43、is_ (MET 91 ) A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty' s D. thirties6. Shortly after the accident, two_ police were sent to the spot to keep order. (MET 92) A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of7. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(94上海) A. is handin

44、g out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out8. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced_cars in1993 as the year before (94上海) A. as twice many B. as many as twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many9. Mr Smith _ me to buy several _eggs for the dinner party. (94上海)

45、A. asked ; dozenB. suggested ; dozens of C. had ; dozen D. persuaded ; dozens10. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were11. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles. (98上海)

46、A. the three times weight ofB. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as12. E-mail, as well as telephones, _an important part in daily communication. (99上海) A. is playing B. have playedC. are playingD. play13. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees

47、 and grass. (2000上海) A. Two fifth ; isB. Two fifth ; areC. Two fifths ; areD. Two fifths ; is14. The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ here. A. as three times muchB. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much15. It is reported

48、that the US use _ energy as the whole of Europe. (MET 2004) A. as twiceB. twice muchC. twice much asD. twice as much16. listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (湖南)A. is B. are C. has D. have17. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster a

49、rea. （陕西）A. are being built B.were being built C. was being built D. is being built18.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn19. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to unders

50、tand.A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are (全国)20. His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. （陕西）A. receives B. is receiving C.will receive D. has received强化练习1. He was only in _ at the time. A. his 20 B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties2. The two great men wrote t

51、hose letters in_. A.1870's B.1879s C. the 1870's D. the 18703. I wonder if I can ask him _ time. A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth4. It was in 1939 that _ broke out. A. World War Second B. the World War Second C. Second World War D. World War II5. The earth is nearly_ the moon. A.

52、50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting A. is handing in B. are to hand out C. are handing in D. is to hand out7. _ of the population here are peasants. A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. th