高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的 定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系畐U词有：when, where, why 等。18.1关系代词引导的定语从句

2、关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of w

3、hich互换)。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n dow n.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which ) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had n ever bee n see n before appears in the coun tryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

4、(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that ) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1) 关系副词 when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which'"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which'"结构交替使 用。例如：There are occasions when (on

5、which ) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which ) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which ) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2) that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、 地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year (that

6、/ when / in which ) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which ) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村

7、。I'll never forget the days whe n I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错)I will n ever forget the days whe n I spe nt in the coun tryside.(对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对)ni n ever forget the days

8、(which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。系副词。例 1. Is this museumyou visited a few days age?A. where B. thatC. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museumthe exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is you visited a

9、few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which弓I导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、 定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,

10、 whom,that, which, whose ）;先行词在从句中做状语时， 应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原 因状语）。18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不 明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号 分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last mon th.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last mon th, i

11、s very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garde n.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This no vel, which I have read three times, is very touch

12、 ing. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water cha nges to vapor, which is called evaporati on. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词 why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前

13、不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 "介词 +关系词 "结构可以同关系副词 when 禾口 where 互换。 例女口 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joi ned our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day whe n you joine

14、d our club?18.6 as, which非限定性定语从句由as, which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于 and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smok ing is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very imp ort ant to us. 太阳使地球暖起来； 这对我们人类很重要。 典型例题1） Alice received an invitation from h

15、er boss,came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用 which., it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2) The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子

16、并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3) It rained hard yesterday,prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定 语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which 不可。(2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确

17、选项应为B。as的用法例1. the sameas suchas中的as是一种固定结构，和一样。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has).我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：As we know, smoki ng is harmful to on e's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。As is known, smok ing is harmful to on e's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，

18、谓语动词 know要用被动式。18.9关系代词that的用法1) 不用that的情况例如：(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。We depe nd on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。b)在

19、不定代词， 女口： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时， 只用 that,不用which.c)先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Fi nally, the thief han ded everythi ng that he had stole n to the police.

20、那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句1. The placein terested me most was the Childre n's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. what D. in which2. Do you know the man ?D. that I spokeA. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke to3. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D

21、. where they stayed4. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5. That is the day I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6. The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to whichC. whichD. in which7. Gr

22、eat changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you tal

23、kedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to who

24、mB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. whatD. as16. He is

25、n't such a man he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at English, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like as you read.A. the novelsB. the

26、 such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A.

27、 them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it.A. who;/B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the w

28、orld.A. for whichB. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch was advertised on T. VA. thatB. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28. The way he looks at problems i

29、s wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./29. This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with which C. thatD. for which30. This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked afte

30、r31. The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32. He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.whichC.for which D.who33. That is not the way I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, are of great

31、use.A. all of which B. either of whichC. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which was C. as were D. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. that D. it37. This i

32、s the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. thatB. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. /B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB. whi

33、chC. itD. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened? - Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; thatB. what; what C. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on my life.A. when; whoB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which43.

34、 The number of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a

35、 hole in the wall, he could see was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; whatD. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A

36、. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been参考答案一 单项选择 定语从句 15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D 1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2

37、126 B B B A D D 参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2. C."和谁讲话"要说speak to sb.本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom 是关系代词， 作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5. A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6. C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见

38、第 3 题。8. A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeen shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词 the，贝U the one应该视为先行词。9. A. 谈“到某事物 ”应说 talk about sth. 。 about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that。10. A. with which是”介词+关系代词”结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有”用”的意思，介词之后只能用 which,不 能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语 ，即he is writing with a

39、pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中作状语 .12. D. with whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose 引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 .14. A. that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same 是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中，as作从句的主

40、语16. D. such 是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中，as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。 as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作宾语 .18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句 ，with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中 为 :I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C.

41、 as引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas或 the samea®定搭配，其中 such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、 表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用 such a .，本题中 such books， such 直接修饰复数名词 .20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that.21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句 ,who 作从句的主语 .22. C. two thirds of whom 即 :two thirds of

42、 the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略 .第二个从句 who could do it.who 在从句中作主语 ,不可省略 .24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which25. A. for which引导定语从句，使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for "以.而闻名".26. C.当先行词被such修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词 the day 都是表示时间的名词 ,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词 which或that来引导定语从句