高中英语谓语动词-动词不定式(中等)

1、目标1.了解不定式的概念、作用2掌握不定式的基本构成和用法授课类型C-不定式的概念、作用（）C-不定式的构成、用法（）T-能力提升（）授课日期及时段2017.8.23 08:00-10:00重点难点重点：不定式的概念、作用；难点：不定式的用法不定式的构成教学内容C-不定式的概念、作用1 ;害.语法梳理不定式to+一、概念：在语法中，动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。形式为：动词原形+其他。之所以被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词。不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。二、不定式的作用1、 作主语。不

2、定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。女口：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It ist的句型。试比较：It is to n egate（取消，否定） my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him

3、 is to n egate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth.结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。如：He man aged to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him. （it 作形式宾语）注: 下歹U动词通常用 不定式作宾语： want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, dec

4、ide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等（2）动词+疑问词+to ,特'殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I don 'know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can ' t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。女口：I find it n ecessary to lear n a foreig n Ian guage.3、作宾语补足语（1）动词+宾语+不定

5、式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?（不带 to 的不定式）注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn,expect, prefer, encourage（2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of th

6、e best stude nts in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）（3）There +不定式。如：We didn ' t expect there to be so many people the我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些动词需用as短语作补语，像 regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father.玛丽把他当作

7、自己的父亲。（2）在动词 feel （一感），hear，have, let, make （三让），notice, see, watch, observe,等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was see n to fall off the tree.（3）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him（to）clean the room.I helped him （to） find his thin gs.4、作定语不定式作定语，

8、修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is look ing for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chanee to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：Do you have anything else to say?2.

9、 如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如：I need a pen to write with . （I will wirte with the pen ）（ 我需要一直钢笔写字 ）I have a little baby to look after .（I must look after the little baby ）（ 我有一个婴儿要照看 ）,such5、 作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, soas toto, .enough to, too 等。to(1) 做目的状语，to,

10、 only to (仅仅为了)，in order to, so as to, so(such).0如此 以便 )女口：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。He came to the school to see his son.(2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 做原因状语。如：We were

11、very excited to hear the n ews.I ' m glad to see you.(4) 做条件状语。如：To turn to the left , you could find a post office.6、作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The questi on is how to put it into practice.My questi on is whe n to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语

12、时，对应的谓语动词用单数。2. 当主语是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。如：To see is to believe.(眼见为实)7、 独立结构。女口：To tell you the truth, I don' t agree with you.To make matters worse, it bega n to rain.能力提升1. The engine just won't start. Something seemswrong with it.A . to goB . to have goneC. goingD . having gone2. The a

13、irportnext year will help promote tourism in this area.A .being completedB.to be completedC.completedD.havi ng bee n completed3 . The old man sat in front of the television every evening , happyanything that happened to be on.A .to watchB.watchingC .watchedD.to have watched4 . George returned after

14、the war, onlythat his wife had left him.A .to be toldB.tellingC .bei ng toldD.told5 . Having finished her project , she was invited by the schoolto the new students.A .speakingB.having spokenC .to speakD.to havespoke n6 . If he takes on this work , he will have no choice butan even greater challenge

15、.A .meetsB.meetingC .meetD.to meet7 . Birds' sin gi ng is sometimes a warni ng to other birdsaway.A .to stayB.stayingC .stayedD.stay8. This mach ine is very easy.An ybody can lear n to use it in a few mi nu tes.A . operatingB . to be operatingC . operatedD . to operate9 . No matter how bright a

16、talker you are , there are times when it's bettersilent.A .remainB .be remainingC .havi ng remai nedD .to remai n10 . Tom took a taxi to the airport , onlyhis plane high up in the sky.A .findingB .to findC .being foundD .to have found泄小结C-不定式的构成、用法语法梳理、不定式的构成、用法、时态和语态不定式的构成及用法不疋式般式所表示的动作主动to+动词原

17、形通常与谓语所表示的动作或被动to be+动词的过去分词状态同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生主动to be+动词-ing形式不定式进仃式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动无被动无作同时发生不疋式元成式所表示的动作主动to have+动词的过去分词在谓语动词所表示的动作之被动to have been+动词的过去分前发生词1、不定式的时态（1）现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you aga in.（2）完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：I ' m

18、sorry to have given you smuch trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.（3）进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eat ing someth ing.（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如:She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was see n to en ter

19、the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.四、省略to的动词不定式1、情态动词(除 ought夕卜，ought to)2、Would rather, had better.3、感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中to不能省略掉。如：I saw him dan ce. He was see n to dance. The boss made them work the whole ni ght.T

20、hey were made to work the whole ni ght.4、使役动词 let, have, make.5、由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如： He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6、Help 可带 to，也可不带 to, help sb. (to) do sth.7、Why /Why not 8、But和except前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。试比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to be

21、lieve anything but to take the medicine.9、通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。1 usually go there by train.Why notby boat for a cha nge?A to try goingB tryi ng to goC to try and goD try goingPaul doesn ' t have to be made. He alw

22、ays works hard.A lear nB to lear nC lear nedD lear ning五、动词不定式的否定式，not+不定式女口： Tell him not to shut the window.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughterafter drinking.A n ever to driveB to n ever driveC n ever drivi ngD n ever drive2. The boy wan ted to ride his b

23、icycle in the street, but his mother told him.A n ot toB not to doC not do itD do not do3. The patie nt was warned food before the operatio n.A to eat noB eati ng notC not to eatD not eat ing六、but+不定式but后的不定式有以下三种情况：1当but前有做实意动词的do时，其后的不定式通常不带to。There was no thi ng to do but wait till he came back.2

24、. 用于cannot but， cannot choose but, cannot help but之类短语后，其不定式通常不带to。When a good friends dies,you cannot but feel sad.当好朋友去世时，你怎能不悲伤。3. 除上述情况外，用于but之后的不定式通常都要带to。They had no other choice but to obey(服从).能力提升用所给动词的适当形式填空1. rve worked with children before , so I know what(expect) in my new job.2. Paul d

25、oes n't have to be made(lear n). He always works hard.3. Hurry up , he is sure(wait)for us.they will enjoy it.4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains(see)whether5. There are five pairs of shoes(choose)from , but rm at a loss which to buy.6. The Brow ns have

26、a comfortable house(live)i n.7. ni ask Mr.Li(lend)me some money.8. We could do nothing but(wait).9. Did you notice anyone(come)in? It is an honour for me(ask)to speak here.10#T-能力提升#能力提升()1. They kept the fire to keep them warm.A. to burn B. bur n C. burnt D. bur ning()2. Who' sthe boy under the

27、 tree?A. sta nd B. to sta nd C. sta nding D. stood()3. I don 'like to sit hereno thi ng.A. doing B. do C. to do D. does()4. The girl stude nts enjoyEn glish son gs.A. singing B. to sing C. sing D. sung()5. Tha nk you for us so well.A. to teach B. teaches C. teach ing D. taught()6. I ofte n do so

28、me on Sun days.A. washed B. to wash C. wash D. washing()7. The boy Li Hua in Class One is his brother.A. called B. calli ng C. to call D. call()8. It ofte n takes me half an hour home.A. walki ngB. to walk C. walked D. walk()9. Don' forgether clean water every day.A. to give B. givi ng C. give n

29、 D. give()10. I th ink it importa nt En glish well.A. learni ng B. learn C. to lear n D. learned()11. The funny story makes us.A. laugh B. laugh ing C. to laugh D. laughed()12. She was ofte n heard in En glish.A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing()13. Our teacher told us hard.A. to work B. worki ng

30、 C. worked D. work()14. Could you tell methis word?A. to how read B. how to readC. how read D. how read to()15. I don ' tnow.A. when start B. when to startC. to how start D. how start()16. Please give me a penA. to write B. writing C. to write with D. written()17. He went home some books.A. got

31、B. getti ng C. get D. to get()18. Rememberlate for class aga in.A. not to B. not to be C. to be not D. be not to()19. Stop , please. I ' vsomething to tell you.A. to read B. readi ng C. read D. to write()20. Miss Li likes the stude ntsquesti ons.A. ask B. ask ing C. to ask D. asked()21. Would yo

32、u please ?A. not to go there B. to go thereC. not go there D. going there()22. You don ' t look wellWhy to see the doctor?A. not to go B. you not to goC. not go D. didn ' t go()23. There ' ssmething wrongmy radio. I ' have itA. with, fixed B. with, fixingC. on, to be repaired D. in,

33、repaired()24. Let ' s to the cinema together.A. to go B. going C. go D. went()25. Jim asked Li Pinghis best wishes to everybody.A. give B. gave C. givi ng D. to give()26. Have you read the book? It ' worth .A. read B. to read C. readi ng D. to readi ng()27. Please tell him the light whe n he

34、 leaves.A. to turn off B. turn down C. turn off D. to turn down()28. I 'morryyour friend is ill.A. hear B. to hear C. listen D. to listen()29. You had better home at once. Don' keep your motherA. to, wait B. going, wait ingC. to go, to wait D. go, wait ing()30. in the sun is bad for your eye

35、s.A. Read B. Reads C. Readi ng D. To readi ng龛小结课后作业()31. When the little baby saw her mother , she couldn ' t help .A. comin g, laugh ing B. come, to laughC. come, laughs D. came, laugh ing()32. Will you please get me someth ing?A. to eat B. eat C. eati ng D. for eat ing()33. The story is . So

36、we are in it.A. in terest, i nteresti ng B. in teresti ng, in teresti ngC. in terested, in teresti ng D. in teresti ng, in terested()34. I ' d like a word with you.A. had B. havi ng C. to have D. have()35. By then there may be only standing room on the earth. will be a very serious problem.A. Wh

37、ere to go B. Where to liveC. Where to sitting D. Where to stand()36. Hurry up! It 'timeA. for have class B. havi ng classC. have class D. to have class()37. Can you finish an elepha nt in two minu tes?A. draw B. to draw C. drew D. draw ing()38. The doctor was busy on the boy at that time.A. oper

38、ate B. operati ng C. to operated D. operated()39. It was very late at ni gh, but Mr. Brow n still went onA. works B. worked C. working D. work()40. I have someth ing importa ntyou.A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tell to()41.lt 'important and helpful.A. to be ki nd B. to ki nd C. be ki nd D. ki

39、nd()42. The young man is old eno ughthe army.A. joi n B. joi ning C. to join D. joi ns()43. His wish was a scie ntist.A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become()44. On Sun days I prefer at home to out.A. to stay, go B. stay ing. goC. stay ing, going D. to stay, going()45. A: What made you so sad?B:three tickets to the pop music con cert.A. Lost B. Los ing C. Because of concert D. Since I lost()46. The teacher agreedless ons to his stude nts.A. give B.