英美文学背诵精华篇

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Name/CN NameWriter's FeaturesWritings / CN WritingsWriting's FeaturesEnglish LiteratureThe Renaissance Period 1. age: 1500-16602. background: stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classic; England's Golden Age, especially in literature; the Church of Engla

2、nd broke away from the Catholic Church3. features: (1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet;(2) the English drama based itself on the models of Roman and Greek classics and the precedents from Italy and Spain(3)the universal tend of humanism in emphasizing man's dignity and

3、his worldly happinessWilliam Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亞The greatest playwright and the most popular sonnet writer; a creation of characters; skillful plot construction; irony; a good use of a language; skilled in various poetic forms; of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句); national unity under a migh

4、ty and just sovereign is a necessity“The Kings government must be carried on” (在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的)(Each hero has his weekness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othellos inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old

5、 king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeths lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.)literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and realitySon

6、nets十四行詩The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人Hamlet哈姆雷特(Venus and Adonis维纳斯和安东尼斯; The Rape of Lucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantic tragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;Romeo and Juliet;Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth)1. 154 poems; English form2. The traditional theme of the play is to prai

7、se the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Many people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the Christians' hypocrisy and their false standards of friendshi

8、p and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews (Shylock). 3. A man of contemplation rather than action; has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and deathJohn Milton約翰.彌爾頓A versatile writer; fight

9、 for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanistParadise Lost失樂園Satan, after being defeated in his rebel against God, tempts Adam and Eve to eat the apples from the Forbidden Tree, and causes the Fall of ManThe Neoclassical Period 1. age: 1660-17982. background: The English society of the neoclas

10、sical period was a turbulent one. Fast development of England as a nation; the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason3. features: (1)a furtherance of the Renaissance the Enlightenment Movement, advocated universal education(2)reason, "eternal truth", "eternal justice", "e

11、ternal equality" was what human society should seek for; advocated universal education(3)reviving the interest in old classical works (neoclassicism)(4)keep to order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy(5)had specific rules for almost every genre of literatureDaniel Defoe 丹尼爾.笛弗A very good s

12、tory-teller; his sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narrationSmootheasycolloquialmostly vernacularRobinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Adventure on a deserted island; depicts a hero grows from an inexperienced youth onto

13、 a shrewd and hardened man; a song of courage, wisdom, struggle against the hostile natural environmentJonathan Swift喬納森.斯威特Is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose; “proper words in proper places”Clearsimpleconcrete dictionuncomplicated sentence structureeconomy and con

14、ciseness of languageGullivers Travels格列佛遊記Four places: Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the flying island; HouyhnhnmHenry Fielding亨利.菲爾丁First of all the 18th century English novelist to write the "comic epic in prose" the first to give the modern novel its structure and style; use the third-person n

15、arration; “Father of the English Novel ”; “the just copies of human manners”Easyunlabouredfamiliarextremely vivid and vigorous logic and rhythmTom Jones湯姆.琼斯The Romantic Period 1. age: 1798-18702. background: coming along with the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution3. features:(1)contrar

16、y with the neoclassicism: emphasize that man have in common, focuses on the special qualities of individual mind(2)tend to probe into the inner world of the human spirit rather narrate daily happenings of the human world(3)employ rural scenery, legendary and mythological, stories of ancient times, f

17、igures from country and Orientals(4)produce a number of great poets, the Romantic period is an age of poetry(5)the focus of the everyday life of human beings in the Age brought about the flourishing of familiar essaysWilliam Blake威廉.布萊克The first important Romantic poet; the spokesman of vevolt; took

18、 “This World” as “a World of Imagination and Vision”, declaring that “The Nature of my work is visionary and imaginative”Plaindirectlyric beautysymbolismThe Chimney Sweeper/Songs of Innocence扫烟囱的孩子/天真之歌The Chimney Sweeper/Songs of Experience扫烟囱的孩子/經驗之歌The Tyger老虎1. indicates the conditions of the ex

19、ploitation of child labor, which make religion a consolation;2. reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor childrenWilliam Wordsworth威廉.華茲華斯A “worshipper of nature”; a poet in memory of the past, to him, life is a cyclical journey, its beginning finally turns out to be

20、its end; Advocate the writing of the common people in ordinary language; the joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes; natural scenery with its beauty and mystery acts also as one of his favorite themes, the poor in rural places; reveal the inner workings of individuals mind; the seeming

21、 simplicity of the poet both in diction and description is immersed in a profound and sympathetic longing for a better world; poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquillity”Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集Tintern Abbey丁登寺旁（I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云Composed upon Westminster Bridge作于西敏

22、寺桥上She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女）A vivid picture of a beautiful morning I n London; Italian formPercy Bysshe Shelley鉑.比.雪萊Greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus UnboundA Song : Men of England英国人民之歌Ode to the West Wind西風頌1. a war cry cal

23、ling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors and an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation2. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new Spring; “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”expressed eag

24、erness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the realityJane Austen簡.奧斯汀Main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships; her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusionsDelightful and profoundPride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見Wave vivid pictures of

25、everyday life of simple country societyThe Victorian Period 1. age:1836-19012. background:(1)early years: rapid economic development as well as serious social problems(2)the next twenty years: prosperity and relative stability. a national spirit of earnestness, respectability, modesty domesticity(3)

26、the last three decades: the decline of the British empire and the decay of the Victorian values3. idea:(1)Darwins The Origin of Species; The Descent of Man shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith(2)Utilitarianism: whether it could promote the material happiness(3)socially conscious writ

27、ers criticized(2)s depreciation of cultural values, cold indifference towards human feeling(4)literature: magnitude and diversity, romantically and realistically4.critical realist writers: criticized the society, concerned about the fate of common peopleCharles Dickens查尔斯.狄更斯1. theme: critical reali

28、st writers, criticize: poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, corruptness2. characteristics:(1)he is skillful in the dialect and have a large vocabulary(2)character portrayal(3)characters are mostly innocent ,helpless, persecuted child characters(4)a mixture of humor and sympathism (pathos)(5)bizarre figure

29、, horrible Oliver Twist雾都孤兒(The Pickwick Paper; David Copperfield; Domeby and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Little Dorrit; Hard Times; Great Expectations)the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse system and the dark criminal underworld lifeThe Bronte Sisters夏治特.布郎帝1.scene: vast, rough, un

30、touched moorland wilderness2. Charlottes works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happylife. In her mind, mans life is composed of perpetual battle b

31、etween sin and virtue, good and evilJane Eyre /Charlotte Bronte簡愛Wuthering Heights/Emily Bronte呼嘯山莊1.Mr.Rochester and Jane Eyre. Rochester: a grim-looking, energetic, quick-tempered, but an understanding middle-aged man; has a burning spirit and a longing to love and be loved; struggles for recognition of her basic rights and equality as a woman. Its an individual conscious struggle towards self-realization. She gets joy through the sacrifice of herself or her weakness overcome3. (uses flashbacks)Ne