非谓语不定式+动名词要点

1、动词不定式动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .2 His wish is to be a driver . 3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5I have nothing to say . 6They went to see their aunt . 7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next .

2、9I heard them make a noise . 作表语作表语 1. His aim is to win the first prize. Ones dream / aim / ambition / wish / hope/The first step is to 2. All we can do is (to) wait. 作宾语作宾语 1. He demanded to be told the truth. 2. He pretended to know the answer. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fall

3、en asleep when Mother came in. decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / plan / promise / make up ones mind + to do 作介词作介词 but / except 的宾语的宾语 3. I have no choice but to wait / can do nothing but wait. (but = except 前面有前面有do，其后的不定式省，其后的不定式省“to”) 4. He would rather die than give in

4、. would rather / would sooner / may / might as well / why not / cannot (help) but / had better + do 作宾补或主补作宾补或主补 1. Ill have him say something at the meeting. have sb do =get sb to do feel, hear / listen to, let / have / make, see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do，但被动语态要，但被动语态要+ to Listen t

5、o me read the text. He is often listened to to sing the song. 2.He is said to be doing the work of next year. Its said that he is doing the work of next year. sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known / be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have done / to have been d

6、one It + seem / appear / happen / be said / be believe that. 3.He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to do suggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do 作定语作定语 1. I have a lot of work to do. 2. find a goo

7、d place to study in give me a knife to cut sth with 3. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize 4. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做的人 5. the house to be built next year cf: the house being built now / built last year作状语作状语 目的目的 to / in order to / so as to 结果结果 enough to / tooto / so

8、as to / only to 1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers. He spoke slowly and clearly to make himself understood 2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus. = In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early. 3. Hes too young to dress himself. 4. I hurried to school only to

9、be told it was a holiday. only to do sth 表示表示出于预料之外的结果 Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题： 1 “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to ， object to， close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , lo

10、ok forward to 2 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . （ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .） 3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有： good, kind , nice

11、, wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite 4后接不定式作宾语的动词有： want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , ex

12、pect etc. 需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。 例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5不定式(to do) 作定语，应注意三种关系：a.与被修饰名词构成与被修饰名词构成动宾关系动宾关系e.g. I have a meeting to attend. We have many difficulties to overcome. Ill get you something to eat. I have n

13、othing to worry about. He is an easy man to talk to.b.与被修饰名词构成与被修饰名词构成同位关系同位关系 e.g. His plan to set up a company is carried out. My wish to get a present has become true.c.被修饰名词与所跟的不定式构成被修饰名词与所跟的不定式构成主谓关系主谓关系e.g. He is the first (man) to come . He is the right person to do the job.注意：-Im going to th

14、e post office , for I have a letter_ (post). ( 逻辑主语是I )-Thank you. But I have no letters _ (post) now ( 逻辑主语不是I ) 6不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1） 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frig

15、htened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my Maths . 3) 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 7 . 不定式作补足语 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有

16、： see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now. 8 不定式的完成式 to have done. Bell is believed to have invented the telephone.9.几种不定式几种不定式用主动代替被动用主动代替被动的情况的情况:There be 句型中句型中e.g. There are a lot of d

17、ifficulties to overcome. There is no time to waste. There is much work for you to do. too + a. / adv. + to do 结构中结构中e.g. The soup is too hot to drink. The problem is too difficult to understand. The room is too cold to live in.be + a. + to do 结构中结构中, 不定式作形容词的状语不定式作形容词的状语e.g. Well-paid jobs are hard

18、to find. The box is heavy to carry. She is easy to make friends with.That / This / Its + n. + to do 结构中结构中, 不定式与所修饰名词有动宾关系不定式与所修饰名词有动宾关系e.g. That is a comfortable bed to sleep on. Its not an easy job to finish.GerundsDefinition: v. + ing 具有动词和名词的性质1.作主语Swimming is my favourite sports.2.宾语He finished

19、 reading the book yesterday.3.表语My job is taking care of the children.4.定语 a swimming pool5.作介词宾语We are looking forward to meeting you soon.时态和语态 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 否定否定doing being done not being done having done having been donehaving been done not having been done 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：只能跟动名词作

20、宾语的动词： admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , cant help , cant stand , be used to ,insist on ,

21、 succeed in , set about, give up , include 1.在begin, start, continue等词后，既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词。但其后如是：see, understand, realize，know时，一般用不定式。 2. love, like, hate, prefer, intend之后，用不定式表示某一具体动作或情况（一般在其前加would或should）；用动名词表示一般性动作（如爱好或习惯）。 e.g. I like skating, but I dont like to skate this morning. 3. need, dem

22、and, want, require, deserve在表示“需要”时，用动名词的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式，但动名词形式更常见。 be worth doing=be worthy to be done =be worthy of being done 注意以下几个问题： 1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事 remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记着做了某事 mean to do 有意要做某事 mean doing 意味着做了某事 regret to do

23、 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing 对做过去的事后悔 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 learn to do 学着去做某事 learn doing 学会做某事 stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） go on doing 继续做某事 used to do 过去做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 advise (allow, permit, encou

24、rage, forbid) sb. to do sth. advise (allow, permit, encourage, forbid) doing sth. 常用词组后接动名词：feel like, preferto, be used to, look forward to,devote oneself to, get down to, be busy (in), be worth 常用句型后用动名词 There is no point (in) doing Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what

25、will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . Its no use talking with him . Its no good speaking to them like that . Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构1.动名词作主语时，逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格 eg. Toms

26、 (His) coming is what we had expected.2.动名词作宾语时，逻辑主语可以用名词普通格或代词的所有格。 eg. She didnt mind Jack( Jacks) arriving late.否定：所有格否定：所有格+ not +doing eg. My not passing the exam made my father angry.So far I havent found a proper way to avoid _(make) a mistake.2. Tom ran downstairs _(greet) his aunt.3. He rus

27、hed to the station just in time_ (catch) the last train for his home- town.4. I am looking forward to _ (see) them at the party.5. Ive never expected _(see) such a strange character in my life.6. The next train _(arrive) is from Edinburgh.7. Will you buy me a magazine_ (read) on the journey?8. The l

28、ast problem_ (consider) at our next meeting, is how to use that sum of money properly.9. We all went on a journey, but Mary was made _(stay) at home.10. I am considering_ (make) a trip to Nanjing.11. He devoted most of his time to _(do) research work.12. I prefer _(drink ) coffee to _(smoke) cigarettes.13. Youd better_ (not delay) _(publish) this book.14. Mr. Black didnt feel like_ (go) to the conce