23个现在完成时的标志词

1、23个现在完成时的标志词（如to date）当然ever, never, just （方才/刚刚），already （已经），yet （到目前 为止）,today, this morning/week/year也是可以使用现在完成时,并非是大 多数原则。出现以下的词汇，通常使用“现在完成时”结构。1）ever since, since, since then3 个2）by now, so far, t订1/until now, up to now5 个3）before, lately, recently3 个4）in recent years； in the past2 个5）in/for/o

2、ver/during the last/past + 时间段2 个6）This/That/It is +最高级结构（that） +从句用现完一一1个7）This/That/It is the first/second time （that） + 从句用现完1 个8）This/That/It is the only - （that） + 从句用现完1 个9）不很常见的 up to the present, to date, thus far3 个10）不很常见的long ago, from2个以上的划分是为了讲解记忆的方便而已。since, since, since then3 个ever si

3、nce, since中的since可以是副词，也可以是介词、连词； since then为介词+名词（或副词）结构朗文英语语法第309页与since和for连用的现在完成时 since和for常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。 since （+时点）可用作：（since连词：Tom hasn' t been home since he was a boy.汤姆从小就不在家了。 since副词：I saw Fiona in May and I haven * t seen her since我5月份见过菲奥娜，此后我就没有再见过她了。since介词：r ve lived here

4、since 1980.自1980年起我就住在这儿。since用作连词时，后面可跟一般过去时或现在完成时：I retired in 1980 and came to live here I ve lived here since I retired 我于1980年退休后就搬到这里。我自退休后就一直住在这儿。（即我调休的时点：1980年）I have lived here for several years now and I' ve made many new friends since I have lived here我已在这里住了好多年。从我在这里住下到现在，我已交了许多新朋友。（

5、即一 直到现在）now, so far, till/until now, up to now5 个这儿个是“到现在为止/到目前为主/迄今（为止）”，常使用现完一一中考考点。 高阶英语语法（增补本 杜永文编著）笫295页0433If he sent the letter to me last Wednesday, why have not I received it by now如果上个星期三他把信寄给我了，为什么到现在我还不曾收到麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典第1420页now词条The meeting should have finished by now.会议现在应该已经结束了。剑桥高阶英汉双解

6、词典笫785页far词条so far： until now迄今为止;到目前为止So far we' ve made thirty-two thousand pounds.到目前为止，我们已经赚了 32 000英镑。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典笫738页far词条so far： until now 迄今为止So far we have restricted our attention to the local area. 迄今为止，我们都把注意力局限在当地。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典笫1420页now词条up to now/ until nowUntil now, we* ve had ver

7、y mild weather this winter. 我们今年冬天的天气一直到现在都比较暖和。COBUILD英汉双解词典第2155页up词条Up to now they* ve had very little say. 一直到现在他们还很少有发言权。 (now), lately, recently3 个before必须是副词词性，强调的是“从现在开始追溯到过去的一段时间”，使 用现完；recently与lately相近，含义有两个"最近的/近来的，不久前的”，因此前 者的含义大多使用现完结构，后者的含义使用一般过去时结构。朗文英语语法笫308页hasn* t appeared on

8、 TV before now.奥尔加在此 以前没有上过电视。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第176页before词条before： adv. at an earlier time 以询； 过去Haven' t we met before我们以前没见过We haven * t had these problems before.我们以前从未碰倒过这些问题。英语词汇用法手册(L. G.亚历山大编著)第159页late, lately词条We haven * t seen you lately.最近我们一直没见过你。(lately =近来) 朗文当代高级英语辞典第五版第2394页smile词条I ha

9、ven * t had much to smile about lately.近来我没什么开心的事情。葛传桀英语惯用法词典第475页recently词条5.recently可与修饰属于完成时态或过去时态的动词。例如：I (have) heard from him recently.COBUILD柯林斯 英汉双解词典辛克莱著第1612页recently词条I haven * t heard from her recently.近来我没有接到她的信。recent years； in the past2 个上海高考英语2015年考查过in recent years这个结构；in the past可以

10、使用过去时与现在完成时等结构新概念英语第二册第58课A blessing in disguise是因祸得福吗The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent yearsthat it has gained an evil reputation.后半句事实上是个强调句，可理解that it has gained an evil reputation only in recent years.这里把recent对应于现在完成时源于此。麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典第1059页in词条44c： with

11、in a period of time 在（一段时间）之内：Unemployment has risen by over 15% in the past year失业率在去年一年内上升了 15%以上。现代英语用法词典（修订版 张道真主编）第1059页past词条In the past I have had many jobs（DCE）In the past trains were pulled by steam-engines（OSD）for/over/during the last/past + 时间段2 个这个大结构大多使用现完，高考英语考查两处：介词（与现完的搭配）；现完（与介词结构的搭

12、配）That/It is +最高级结构（that） +从句用现完1个事实上，实际应用中未见得完全如此，但考试还是一个要求。朗文英语语法第 308 页 the most interesting book I' ve ever read.这 是我读过的最有意识的书。牛津英语用法指南（第三版）第920页It' s one of the most interesting books I' ve ever read.这是我看过的最有意识的书中的一本。朗文英语语法第40页It * s the silliest argument （that） I * ve ever heard.这是

13、我听说过的最 愚蠢的论点。Bach* s the greatest composer thas （or who* s） ever lived.巴赫是曾 有过的最伟大的作曲家。朗文英语语法第219页我们也可以在最高级之后用一关系从句。这种从句经常伴随着带有ever heard, met, read, seen等词的现在完成时：4War and Peace* is the longest book （that） I have ever read.战争与和平是我所看过的书中最长的一部。Penfold is the most conceited man （that/whom） I have ever

14、met.彭福尔德是我所遇到的人中最自负的一个。It/That is the first/second* time （that） + 从句用现完1 个该条目算是硬性的规定。牛津英语语法：即学即练第30页在 It' s/This is the first/second time 之后，用现在完成时。This is the first time we * ve been to Scotland, so it' s all new to us.This is the second time Rachel has forgotten to give me a message.I love

15、 this film. I think it' s the fourth time I' ve seen it.牛津英语用法指南（第三版）第920页This is the first that I * ve heard her sing.这是我第一次听见她唱歌。That/It is the only* （that） + 从句用现完1 个本条目属于语法结构上的规定。牛津英语用法指南（第三版）第920页在以 this/it/that is the first/second/third/only/best/worst 等构建的句 子里，要用现在完成时。朗文英语语法第42页关系从句之所

16、指：一个句子可以包括一个以上的关系词：It' s the only building （which） I ve ever seen which is made entirely of glass这是我所见过的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建筑物。（第一个Which 一般可以省 略。）9不很常见的 up to the present, to date, thus far3 个相当于by now, so far结构，只是LI询的教科书、语法书讲解得不多而已。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第1633页present词条I have worked here from 2000 to the present我自

17、2000年到现在一直在这儿工作。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第2310页up词条Up to this point, we have been discussing our long-term goals直到现在为止，我们一直在谈论我们的长期目标。Up to （= until） that time they had been fairly successful 他们一直相 当成功。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第536页date词条to date: up to now; until the present time 迄今为止We' ve received no complaints to date. （=

18、 yet）迄今为止,我们没有接到 任何投诉。To date, most of their work has been preparatory.迄今为止，他们做的工作大多是筹备方面的。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第767页far词条thus far: until the present time: so far 到目前为止Thus far the results have been disappointing.到目前为止结果令人失望。10.不很常见的long ago, from2个long陶。属于常见的（违反含义与语法的结构，但事实上是属于）固定搭配； from例句不多，但也可见到from （介词）与现完搭配的实例一一并非重要考 点。韦氏高阶英汉双解词典第1238页long词条 long since很久以前 questions that have long since been answered （= questions that were answered long ago） 早已回答过的问题an animal that has long since disappeared from this region这一地区绝迹已久的一种动物COBUILD英汉双解词典第1818页since词条long since早就The time for talking has lo