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1、高考真题熟词生义大荟萃一词多义的现象普遍存在,一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些 熟悉单词的生僻含义,或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义,往往较难把握,因此造 成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。1. pick up【真题原文】 Don' tforget to stop by Pacific Science Center' Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. (2017 全国 I 卷 阅读A篇)【词义解释】pick

2、 up常用词义为 捡起,(用车)接人本句中的pick up后接两个并 歹!J的宾语 “awonderful science activity 不"souvenir。” "pickup”与 "awonderful science activity 搭配时可理解为 “to join in, to participate(参力口) ”;与 “a wonderful souvenirftr 配时则意为“to buy sth.(挑选/购买)【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下,在这里你可以参加一个精彩 的科学活动和选购一件精美的纪念品,以纪念你的到访。2. fe

3、ed【真题原文】 Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? (2017全国 I 卷 阅读A篇)【词义解释】feed常见词义为 喂养,饲养”,本句中的feed则理解为“to satisfy a need, desire, ect. and keep it strong足)【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实,但你的身体呢?i3. special【真题原文】 Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to season

4、alspecials. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】special常用作形容词,意为 特别的”。在本句中,special用作名词,意 为 “a dish that is not normally available or is made forpaarticular purpose (特色菜)【参考译文】 除了季节性的特色菜,我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食,任 君选择。4. work【真题原文】 Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is

5、 never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. ( 2017 全国 I 卷阅 读B篇)【词义解释】work常用意思为 工作”,此句中的work理解为“to be effective or successful (有效;成功)【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的;(能否)活下来是不确定的。但是,当成功活下来时,活着就是很美好的。5. carrier【真题原文】 When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already be

6、en placed in acarrier for safety. (2017全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】carrier常见意为 运输工具,运送者”,此句中的carrier理解为“a temporary shelter or a rough nes t(临时庇护处或简易的窝)【参考译文】当我到达时,我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见,它已经被安 置到一个临时庇护处了。6. anchor【真题原文】 My next work was to construct a nest andanchor it in a tree. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】anchor常见

7、词义为“n.锚;v.抛锚”。本句的anchor意为“to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly (把固定)【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢,并把它安放在一棵树上。【小试牛刀】我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。We ourselves to the rocks with a rope.7. rest【真题原文】 Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and th

8、e rest of the line runs up and out- the side of the hole. (2017全国 I 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】rest常用含义为«v& n.休息”,本句中出现了两个rest,第一个rest为动词,意为 “to lie or lean on something躺;倚;靠)”;第二个 rest 为名词,意为 “the other parts that remain or that have not been mentione d 乘 U 余部分)【参考译文】接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的剩余部

9、分向上延伸到坑的外部。8. production【真题原文】 The company productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】production常用词义为 生产;产量”,此句中意为“aDlay, opera, or other show that is performed in a theatre(演出)【参考译文】这家公司的演出展示了 21世纪中国剧院的新面貌。9. stand up【真题原文】When the studio didn ' t want m

10、e for the filmit wanted somebody as wellknown as Paul he stood up for me. (2017全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】stand up常见含义是 站起来”,本句的stand up意为“to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked(支持,维护)【参考译文】当制片方不想要我拍这部电影时 一他们想要像保罗那样出名的人 一他维护了我。10. dig【真题原文】 We were respectful

11、 of craft (技艺)and focused ondigging into the characters we were going to play. (2017全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】dig常用含义是 挖掘,戳入”,本句dig含义为“tostudy something very carefully in order to discover or check facts(亥ll苦钻研)“,dig into 为固定搭配,意为 探 究,钻研”。【参考译文】事实上,我们的车间刚刚开始 研究这个问题.11. deal【真题原文】 He d beenn and out of the

12、 hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn ' t talk about it.(油国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】deal常用含义为“v.处理;n.买卖,大量”,本句的deal意为“bad fortune or unfair treatment (坏运气;不公平的对待)【参考译文】 他一直进出医院。他和我都知道这种霉运意味着什么,然后我们都不谈论这种事。12. put down【真题原文】 Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposi

13、t to get aTransition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017 全 国II卷阅读C篇)【词义解释】put down常见意思是 写下,记录”,本句的put down意为“to pay part of the price of something, and to pay the rest late

14、r(付定金)【参考译文】为买到一辆Transition飞行车,大约有100人已经支付了 10000美元的定 金,并且在Terrafugia公司后来的本周纽约汽车展上推介这款车之后, 人数很可能会上 升。13. sit【真题原文】 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn sit quietly. (2017 全国 II 卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】sit常用含义是 坐”,本句的sit意为“to remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually waiti

15、ng for something to happen无动于衷; 坐以待毙; 静观其变)【参考译文】当一种多叶植物遭到袭击,它不会静静地坐以待毙。14. complex【真题原文】 Bradford sold the building and land to a local development film, which plans a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. (201全国 III 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】complex常用作形容词,意为 复杂的”;本句的complex为名词,意为“A comple

16、x is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.(综合大楼)”。【参考译文】Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司,这家公司计划在这家剧院所在的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。15. duty【真题原文】But others do doubleduty. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】duty常用含义是 职责,责任,义务”,此句的duty意为“function(作用, 用途)【参考

17、译文】但是另一些则起着双重作用。16. design【真题原文】 They pump out perfumesdesigned to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. (201在国 II 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】design常用含义是 设计”,此句的design意为“to intend, to attemp意图)【参考译文】它们散发出香味是为了吸引不同的昆虫,而这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。17. average【真题原文】Freddy was anaverage student, but no

18、t anaverage person. (2017全国 II 卷完 形填空)【词义解释】average常用含义是 平均的”,本句中的两处 average均意为“usuabr normal, neither very good nor very bad (普通的, 不好不差的)【参考译文】弗雷迪是个成绩平平的学生,却是一个不寻常的人。18. update old classmates. (201怪国II卷完形填空)【真题原文】Through the years, Id run into former students who would proaees on【词义解释】update常见词义为 更

19、新;使升级”,本句的update意为“anews item containing the latest information about a particular situation (最新消息) ”。【参考译文】这几年,我会偶遇到以前的学生,他们会向我透露他们老同学的最新情 况。19. allow【真题原文】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (201全

20、国 II 卷语法填空)【词义解释】 allow常见词义为 允许”,本句的allow意为“enableto creates the opportunity for sth. to happen (使能够, 促使)【参考译文】它(地铁)在地下延伸七公里,并使得人们在上下班时可以避开地面公路的严重的拥堵20. delicious【真题原文】 This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. (2017全国 III 卷阅读

21、 A 篇)【词义解释】delicious常用词义为 美味的”,此句中意为“pleasanbr interesting (怡人 的,有趣的,好玩的)【参考译文】 这条好玩的旅游线路穿越这座城市到达金银岛,在那里我们将在著名的 SF酒厂停留。21. monitor / pack【真题原文】 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 C 篇)【词义解释】monitor常见的词义为“n.班长”,此句中意为“towatc

22、h and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it (v. 监控,监 视),pack常用词义为“n包,包装,v.打包装”,此句中意为 “a group of animals that live and/or hunt together (n. 一群动物)【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。22. about【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone o

23、r in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. (2017全国 III 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】about常用词义为 大约,关于",此句中意为“inmany different directions(四处,到处)【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说,特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人,驾车(外出)对于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的,这也

24、给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。23. address【真题原文】 The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. (2017全 国III卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】address常用词义为 地址”,此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problemb 理),【参考译文】DriveLAB正在帮助我们搞明白

25、老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在,以及我 们如何使用科技去解决这些问题。24. constant / fine【真题原文】 For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at 10a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at ri

26、sk ofgetting fined. (2017全国 III 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】constant,熟悉的词义为 经常的;连续不断的”,本句的constant意为 “staying the same, or not getting less or mores久不变的; 稳定的) ”。fine熟悉的词义为“adj.好的,健康的,晴朗的",此句中意为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law( v.罚款)”。【参考译文】例如,我们大多数人都会希望老年人总是

27、比其他每一个人都开得慢一点,但是我们惊讶地发现,在限速 30公里时速路段,他们吃力地保持平稳的速度,同时他 们更可能会超过限制速度而有被罚款的风险。25. life【真题原文】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. (2017全国 III 卷语法填空)【词义解释】life常用词义为 生命,生活”,此句中意为“energy enthusiasm (活力, 热情)【参考译文】她看起来和其他女生没有两样,又年轻又充满活力。26. offer【真题原文】My dad thinks I should take

28、theoffer now (2017 全国 III 卷语法填空)【词义解释】offer常用词义为 提供,提出",此句中意为“invitation(邀请)【参考译文】我父亲认为现在我应该接受这个邀请。27. kick off【真题原文】It lasted for more than a year andkicked off the civil-rights movement. (2016 全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】kick off常见的意思为 踢开,踢掉”,在本句中的意思为“If a meeting, event, or a football game kicks off, it

29、starts 会议, 活动)开始【参考翻译】这项运动持续了一年多,并拉开了美国民权运动的序幕。28. land【真题原文】Her simple actlanded Parks in prison.(2016 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】land常见的意思为 陆地;着陆”,在本句中为动词,意为“to cause someone to be in a difficult situation 使(某人)陷入困境搭配:land sb. in prison/trouble/hospital/court便某人入狱/陷入困境/住院/卷入官司)。【参考翻译】她简单的举动致使帕尔克斯入狱。29. ra

30、ise【真题原文】 We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be nearthem, especially when you raisingrehildren.(2016 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】raise常见的意思为 举起,升起,提高”,在本句中意为“to look after your children and help them grow抚养,养育【参考翻译】 我们现在意识到家庭是那么重要,有父母在身旁是那么重要,尤其是在 你养育孩子的时候。30. harvest【真题原文】In a

31、ll, from the time the stem cells areharvested from a donor (捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we' ve got 72 hoiUrslBt I most读2016篇)【词义解释】harvest常见的意思是 收获;收割”,在本句中的意思为“to take cells or other body parts from someone for medical us集集【参考翻译】总共,自干细胞从捐献者身上采集到它们被移植入病人体内,我们最多 有72个小时。3

32、1. drop【真题原文】 So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:"In this box are sccells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, you ' ve got to get me back tthe United Kingdom. "She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, r

33、e-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. (2016 全国 I 卷阅读 C 篇)【词义解释】drop常见的意思是 落下,(使)下降”,在本句中的意思为“to stop doing or discussing sth.; to not continue with st垮止; 终止; 放弃【参考翻译】她直接放弃/停止了所有的事情。32.still【真题原文】 They told her to stay still until the emergenc

34、y personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explore. (2016 全国 I 卷完形填空)【词义解释】still常作为副词,意为 仍然,依旧”,在本句中still为形容词,意思为“staying in the same position; not moving 静止的;不动的,安静的 sit/stand/stay still 意为 坐 着/站着/静着不动【参考翻译】 他们告诉她待在那里不要动,等紧急救援人员到来,但是她认为这辆车 快要爆炸了。33. call【真题原文】 One thing is certainLar

35、ry went above and beyond the call of duty bygetting so close to the burning vehicle! (2016 全国 I 卷完形填空)【词义解释】call既可作为名词,也可作为动词,意为 打电话,呼叫”,在本句中call 为名词,意思为“ request/demand求,要求【参考翻译】 有一件事是确定无疑的,那就是拉里靠近正在燃烧的车辆(救火)的做法远超越他的职责要求。34. switch【真题原文】The nursery teamswitches him every few days with his sister so

36、 that while oneis being bottle-fed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016 全国 I 卷语法填空)【词义解释】switch常见的意思为 开关,转换”,在本句中switch为动词,意思为“replace one thing with another, or exchange thing咬换; 调换”。【参考翻译】(熊猫)保育队每隔几天就把他和他的双胞胎姐姐进行交换,这样当一只 熊猫宝宝被人工饲养的时候,另外一只则由熊猫妈妈照顾一一她从未怀疑过。35. live【真题原文】 We re bringing you

37、 an evening oflive rock and pop music from the best local bands. (2016全国I卷阅读理解A篇)【词义解释】live作为动词,常见的意思为 居住,活着”,作为形容词时,常见的意思 为 活的”,在本句中live为形容词,意思为“(of a)erformance表演)given or made when people are watching, not recorded®场演出的【参考翻译】我们将会带上你去参加一个晚会,那有来自当地最棒的乐团的现场演出 的摇滚乐和流行音乐表演。36. book【真题原文】 Book ear

38、ly to get a table. (2016全国 H 卷阅读理解 A 篇) Admission is at normal charges and you don ' booted(tOD15 全国 I 卷阅读理解 A 篇)【词义解释】book常用作名词,意为 笔",book在本句中为动词,意思为“to arrange to have a hotel room or a ticket etc. or use it at a particular timeiT,预订(旅馆房间、票等)“。【参考翻译】(你需要)提前预定才能订上座位。入场费按正常收费,你不需要预定。37. sho

39、ot【真题原文】In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.(2D16全国II卷阅读理解 D篇)【词义解释】shoot常见的意思为 射击”,在本句中shoot的意思为“to make a film/movie or photograph of something拍摄; 摄影【参考翻译】事实上,这些照片是在1914年到1916年之间被

40、拍摄出来的,其中的大 部分照片都经历了一次毁灭性的海难,而这些拍摄者没有合情理的生还的可能。38. respect& approach【真题原文】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. (2016全国 H 卷 阅读七选五)【词义解释】respect既可作为名词,也可用作动词,常见的意思为 尊重,尊敬”,在 本句中为 with respe

41、ct to固定搭酉己,意为 “concernin次于;就 而言“;approach常 见的意思为 接近,靠近“,在本句中 approach意为 “tobegin to deal with a situation orproblem in a particular way or with a particular attitude(以某种方式或态度)对付,处理【参考翻译】它始于窥探自己的内心,弄明白就自然世界而言你是谁,并且你要知道 如何处理园艺工作流程。39. matter【真题原文】It ' s our experience of the garden thaetttershow b

42、eing in those gardensmade us feel. (2016全国II卷阅读七选五)【词义解释】matter常见作为名词,意为 问题,事情工在本句中为matter为动词, 意为 “to be important or have an important eect on sb. / sth.事关紧要; 要紧; 有重大影 响”。【参考翻译】 我们对于花园的体验才是最重要的 一一在花园里会使我们产生怎样的感 觉。40. figure【真题原文】 Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all o

43、ut. (2016 全国 H 卷完形填空) Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. (2016 全国 HI卷IMJ读理解 B 篇) Your house may have an effect on youfigure . (2015 全国 H 卷阅读理解 B 篇)【词义解释】figure常见作为名词,意为 数字;画像;图表”,在第一个例句中为figure out 固定搭酉己, 意为 “to finally u

44、nderstand something or someone, or findthe solution to a problem after a lot of thought弄懂;弄明白;想出”;在第二和第三个例句中,figure意 为 “the shape of a body形,身材”。【参考翻译】 坐回到车里,在直奔去机场的路上,我终于想明白了。 韦尔蒂坐在沙发上,身材纤瘦,穿着朴素的灰白色衣服,很高兴地解 释着。 你的房子或许会对你的体形产生影响。41.season【真题原文】 The season runs June through August, with additional pe

45、rformances in March and September. (2016全国HI卷阅读理解 A篇) First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调味).(2016 全国 HI卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】season常见作为名词,意为 季节”,在第一个例句中season为名词,意 为“ a period when a set of programmes, plays or musical events are broadcast or performed(一组节目、戏剧或音乐活动的)播出期,上演期;演出季 ”;在第二

46、个例句中season为动词,意为 “If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order toimprove its flavour. 给调味;力口味于“。 上演期从六月到八月,在三月和九月有额外表演。首先,将鱼清理干净,并用相应的调料将其调味42. review【真题原文】 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication - e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations

47、found that it tended to be more positive than(2016negative6肖极的),but that didn ' t necessarily mean people preferred positive new金国田卷阅读理解D篇)【词义解释】review常见作为动词,意为 回顾,反思”,在本句中review为名词,意为 “a report in a newspaper, magazine, or programme that gives an opinion about a new book, film, etc 评论”。【参考翻译】 研

48、究者们分析了 口碑传播方式 一一电子邮件、帖子、评论及面对面的交谈一一发现它更倾向于积极而不是消极,但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢积极的消息。43. serve【真题原文】Then, it ' s readyeto/e. (2016全国HI卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】serve常见作为动词,意为 招待(顾客等),服务”,在本句中serve意为“offer(food, drinks, a meal, ect.) for eating and drinking提供、端上(饭菜,食物)【参考翻译】然后,现在准备上菜了44. last【真题原文】 I ' m sure I was th

49、est person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (201皎 国III卷完形填空) Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinnerlast at 30 minutes. (2015 全国 H 卷阅读理解B篇)【词义解释】last为形容词,常见的意思是 最后的”。在第一个句子中last的意思是“You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikelyl不想要的

50、; 最 不可能的”;在第二个句子中last为动词,意为 “to continue for a particular length of time 持续”。【参考翻译】 我确定我是这个世界上他最不想接受帮助的人。 开始记录(用餐)时间吧,尽量让正餐的时间持续至少三十分钟。45. talk【真题原文】 Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month exceptAugust. (2015全国I卷阅读理解 A篇)【词义解释】talk常见作为动词,意为 谈话,交谈”,在本句中为talk为名词,意为“aspeech

51、 given to a group of people to teach or tell them about a particular subje演讲;讲座【参考翻译】我们每月一次的讲座在每月的第一个星期四的晚上七点半举办,八月除 外。46. well【真题原文】 Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the

52、technology of building ice wells, and how London ' s ice trade grew. (210151 I 卷阅读理 解A篇)【词义解释】well常见作为副词,意为 好;对;令人满意地在第一句话中well为 副词,意为“a lot, or to a great degree大地;远远地"well before为固定搭配,意为 很 久以前“; 在第二句话中 well 为名词,意为 “ a deep hole in the ground from which people take water井”。【参考翻译】在冰柜出现之前,对冰块在食物的保存和饮食方面有需求量。马尔科姆 将会解说引进天然冰块的历史,建造冰井的技术以及伦敦的冰块贸易是如何发展的。47. terribly【真题原文】 The freezing Northeast hasn' b een a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine ”全 (201 卷阅读理解 B 篇)【词义

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