沈阳高中英语家教精品词汇归纳教案a

1、To:2013 年 2 月 1 日VIP 学员补课高考英语考点词汇精讲 A-12铁西区 Peter 精品高分英语家教：主编人：动词词义辨析动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 2、意义相近的动词之间辨义：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past4、意义不同，容淆的动词的辨义：explain, say; discover, inven

2、t, uncover; find, find out5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等。动词（一） 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与 lie（说谎）：这三个动词见下表：2、rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物动词，其过去式是 rose，过去分词是 risen，而 raise 是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear 与 lis

3、ten to：hear 侧重点是听到，听见什么，而 listen to 是侧重于听的倾向，但hear 用于无意中的听见，而 listen to 却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch 和 look：see 用作看，剧目；watch 则用作看电视比赛，而 watch 还有在旁盯着之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look 一般用作不及物动词，只是当看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face（. 小男孩直盯着脸。）5、wind 和 wound：wind 意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是

4、 wound，而动词wound 意为，其过去式、过去分词都是 wounded。6、hang 的用法：hang 有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hanged。7、hear 的过去分词 born 与 borne：bear 作为出生讲有两个过去分词 born，borne。只有当 be+born短语后没有 by 介词短语时，才可用 born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用 borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用 borne。8

5、、sit 与 seat：seat 为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit 只是表示一动作。seat 如果表示就座时要用 be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用 seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词9、borrow, lend 与 keep：借入英文中用 borrow，借出用 lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬

6、间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用 keep。10、win 与beat：win 作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest,a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了， 我赢得他的好感。而 beat 是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal 与 rob：steal 为偷。rob 为抢，其用法不同。steal 其后接物+from+ 而 rob 其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit 与 suit：fit 与 suit

7、均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如 fit 用于大小的合适，而 suit 则多用于颜色式样的合适。13、take, bring 与 fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是 bring，拿去带走是 take，而去取回来是 fetch。14、shut 与 close：shut 与 close 有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用 close，而在命令，态度 的场合则用 shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用 close。15、answe

8、r 与 reply：作为回答讲 answer 是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，、某地，如 answer for，意为向要加上 to。或向某事负责。而 reply 作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，16、reach，arrive 与 get to：reach 当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有 get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend 与 take：英文中花费有三个词 cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而 spend 的主语不能是物。如: she spent

9、 all his money on stamps.而 take 作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语hours to finish this work.的用法是用形式主语 it，如 It takes me three18、lost, gone 与 missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用 missed, 而要用 missing.19、have on, wear, put on 及 dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on 与wear 作穿着状态讲;但 have on 不用进行时态，而 wear 则常要用进行时态。pu

10、t on 是动作， 但 dress 既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit 作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词， 如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin 与 startbegin 与 Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用 Start：1)的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early becausethere was a

11、 lot traffic in the street。21、allow 与 permitallow 与 permit 其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find 与 foundfind 找到的过去式和过去分词都是 found，而 found 是动词“建立”的，其过去式和过去分词是 founded，founded，如：The Peopleswas founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与 tellspeak, talk 多用作不及物动词，

12、但speak 后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而 say 与 tell 是及物动词，其中 tell 常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为 It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是 tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用 speak，如：T

13、he father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与 sorryexcuse me 用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而 sorry 则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与 care to docare for 其后要接不定式时则要省去for 或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但 care for 作照顾讲时与 look after 相同。26、与名词的动词有： advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pa

14、ss(v.),past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.),success(n.);27、意义相近的动词：ring 摇铃，打铃，铃响，strike 专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest 提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice 表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look 由视觉得出的印象，seem 暗示一定根据的判定，appear 外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay 停留，逗留，remain 遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到

15、早已但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不的东西；remember 记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind 提醒做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词 to 的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与 in 相结合

16、的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二） 动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结 构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(I)动词+副词(不及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)动词+副词(及物)后，人们都离去，出现了

17、。Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词。如：She turned off all the lightswhich had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。(3)动词+介词(及物)I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。She's got m

18、ore work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4)动词+副词+介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望就见到你。注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉 after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上 的差异。(1)同一动词和不同

19、介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：hear from 收到的来信，hear of听说。 look after 照料，look at 看，look for 寻找。(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：ring back 回, ring off 挂断电话, ring up 打put away 放好, put on 穿，上演, put up 挂起，举起。(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for 寻找, call for 去取(某物)，去接(), ask for 请求, wait for 等候, send for 派人去叫。(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的

20、差异。如：break out 发生，, carry out进行，开展, go out 熄灭, hand out 分发, let out 放出, look out 当心, sell out 卖完, set out 出发, take out 取出, work out 算出。break down 出毛病, come down 落下来, get down 下车, takedown 取下, write down 写下。动词词义辨析1.I can hardlythe difference between the two words.A. pointB.speakC.sayD.tell2.Iyou will

21、 write me back soon.A. wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.I asked him tome a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spendB. spareC.saveD. share4. Father will notus to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. haveB.letC. agreeD. allow5.I learned toa bicycle as a small boy.A. rideB. driveC. ope

22、rateD.run6.I canyou to the railway station in my car.A. sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.If no onethe phone at home, ring me at work.A. answersB. returnsC. repliesD. receives8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it'sto be quite a good one.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your

23、 mother, you'd betterthem for her.A. bring10. There was aA. hurtB. carryC.takeD. fetchin the street yesterday. Three people were seriously.B. killedC. brokenD.cut11. Careless drivinga lot of highway accidents.A. affectsB. givesC. causesD. results12. I'vemy umbrella in the office and I'll

24、 have to fetch it.A. forgotB.leftC. remainedD.lost13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place willyou a lot of good.A. makeB.doC.giveD.get14. His heartfast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beatB hitC. jumpedD.ran15. The cooking chickenvery good.A. smellsB. feelsC. sou

25、ndsD. tastes16. Most children stay at home until theyschool age.A. getB.comeC. reachD. arrive17. A single mistake here couldyou your life.A. payB.takeC. spendD.cost18. The boy works hard. Ihim to succeed in the exam.A. likeB. expectC. thinkD.need19. Weeach other the best of luck in the examination.A

26、. hopedB. wantedC. expectedD. wished20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like toa message?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21. Do you know the girla red coat?A. dressed inB. had onC. woreD. put on22. The assistant suggested Marythe blue skirt.A. buyingB. boughtC. to buyD. could buy23. Our te

27、acher suggested Wang Linto America for further study.A. should sendB. would be sentC. sendingD.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson insistedto the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sentB. to sendC. on sendingD. being sent25. The father insisted that their son Tomclever enough to study music.A. beB. should beC.wa

28、sD. would be26.Ithe television set for 1,500 yuan.A. boughtB.paidC.costD. spent27.Iplay football than basketball.A. would ratherB. had betterC. like betterD. prefer28. - What are you doing?- I'm lookingthe children. They should be back for lunch now.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29. The sports meet will b

29、etill next week because of the bad weather.A. put offB. put awayC. put upD. put down30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I canit.A. get back fromB. get out ofC. get awayD. get off31. Readers canquite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over32.

30、 Many foreignersA. look atB. get inC; gongD. get throughthe Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.B. look forC. look aroundD. look on33.1 can' t hear clearly. Pleasethe radioa little.A.tum;onB.tum;offC.tum;downD.tum;up34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four.A. turned inB.

31、turned upC. turned toD. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We musta doctor at once.A. send inB. send outC. send forD. send up36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'llme at eight and we'll go there togethe;A. call forB. call inC. call onD. call up37. It is often easier to

32、make plans than it is to.A. carry on themB. carry out themC. carry them onD. carry them out38. Your composition must beafter class.A. handed toB. handed outC. handed inD. handed over39. A new school wasin the village last year.A. held upB. set upC. sent upD. brought up40. - When did the plane?-At 2

33、o'clock.A. take off'B. take upC. take awayD. take place41.! There's danger ahead.A. Look atB.Look upC.Look onD.Look out42.Let'sto clean the house. It's too dirty.A.set aboutB.set outC.set off.C. call forD.set down43.I used tomy teacher when I was inA. call in .B. call atD. call o

34、n44. Hefrom his family and settled down in America.A. broke awayB. broke outC. broke upD. broke in45. He had tohis father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.A. carry outB. pick upC. set upD. carry on46. The robbers had no trouble inthe bank, but when they

35、 came out ,thefor them.were waitingA. breaking outB. breaking intoC. breaking upD. breaking away from47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy_the crops in the fields.A. moving inB. sharing inC. handing inD. getting in48. All the studentstheir holidays to take part in planting trees.A. gave outB. g

36、ave inC. gave upD. gave away49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom andthe tools.A. put awayB. take awayC. push asideD. look after50.this article and tell me what you think of it.A. Look upB. Look onC. Look intoD. Look through ：15 DBBDA2630 AACAB610 CAABA1115 CBBAA1620

37、CDBDB3135 CDCBC3640 ADCBA4145 DBDAD2125 AADAC4650 BDCAD动词及动词短语模拟训练专项1The news was a terrible blow to her, but she willthe shock soon.A. get outB. get throughC. get offD. get over2.The sound of the musiclouder and louder as the band marched nearer to me.A. grewB. feltC. appearedD. remained3. Off the

38、east, the sky looked pale enough tothe storm would be passing quickly.A. suggestB. reportC. proveD. explain4.Have you finished your homework yet?Not yet, ItoA. get downjust a few minutes ago.B. set outC. set aboutD. set up5The thing thatis not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A. m

39、attersBcaresCconsidersDminds6.So how is your new roommate?She really. Shes always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her,she always makes rude remarks.A. turns me offB. turnsmedownC. turns me outD. turns me over7. To be honest, I dont quitewith you some general views on the weather.A.

40、didB. allowC. botherD. share8. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it maythe shocking ending.A. give awayB. give outC. give upD. give off9. The old houses are being pulled down toa new office block.A. supply withB. make use ofC. make room forD. take the place of10. It is fashionable

41、to drive a car, but to drive a car is not nearly as difficult as it is imagined oncondition that youthe specialized rules.A. give upBstick toCinsist onDconnect to11. Will youmy composition to find out whether Ive made any spelling mistakes?A. look throughBlook onClook upDlook out of12. As is known t

42、o us all, failure usually _ laziness while diligence cansuccess.A. results from, lie inC. leads to, lie inB. results in, result fromD. results from, result in13. He has been fired and will have toover charge of his office tomorrow.A. takeBhandCgetDgo14. His aunts lettershim of those beautiful days w

43、hen they used to live together in hishometown.A. call upBcall forCcall onDcall at15. Did you reach the top of the mountain?Yes. Even I myself didnt believe I couldit.A. workBclimbCgetDmake16. In Britain today women are in paid work.A. build up44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with ch

44、ildrenBmake upCtake uphim to give up smoking .CadviseDsend up17. We trust you ; only you canA. suggestBattractDpersuade18. Have a good rest ; you need toyour energy for the football match this afternoon .Thanks a lot .A. leaveBsaveCholdDget19. In that country, guests usually feel that they are not h

45、ighlyif the invitation to adinner party is given only three or four days before the party dateA. regardedB. thoughtC. admiredD. concerned20. Difficulties and hardships havethe best character of the young geologist.A. brought inB. brought upC. brought outD. brought about21. Our daughter doesnt know w

46、hat toat the university ; she cant make up her mindabout her future .A. take inBtake upCtake overDtake on22. Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and Im glad that her effortsat last.A. worked outBgot backCpaid offDturned out23. The Browns sent lots of invitations forpeop

47、leit.their party. But because of the improper time, fewA. attended24. I think John willA. turnBacceptedCreceivedDenjoyed a good monitor, so Id like to vote for him.BchangeCelectDmake25. The girlto be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school.A. expectsBallowsCwishesDpromises26.What do yo

48、u think of Andrew ?There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one .A. put asideBput up withCthink ofDgong with27.Does he know how to work out the problem ?Yes , he hasa good idea to solve it .A. caught up withBkept up withCcome up withDput up with28. Will Thursday or Fridayyou

49、?Either willA. fit , be.Bfit , OKCsuit ,Dsuit , do29. Eating too much fat canheart disease and cause high blood pressure .A. result from30. It suddenly daughter.A. happenedBcontribute toCattend toDdevote toto the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his ownBoccurredCthoughtDtook p

50、lace【1. D2. A】本题考查相近动词短语的词义辨析能力。四个词组只有 get over 有克服之意。故选 D。grow 变得，表示一个渐进的过程；feel，认为，感觉； appear 显得；remain 保留，依然。题干中的 as 是，表示“随着乐队向我们走的越来越近，音乐也变得越来越大”。3. A句4. B本题检测近义动词的辨析能力。suggest 暗示，意味着；report 报告；prove 证明；explain 解释。本句“东方灰蒙蒙的天空暗示着暴风雪即将来临。”get down to doing sth 开始做某事，set out to do sth 着手做某事，set abo

51、ut doing sth 开始做某事，set up建立。故选 B。5. A6. A使本句句意为：重要的事情是：不是你失败与否，而是你是否努力了。matter：be important，故选 A。turn sb off 使厌烦或厌恶 turn sb down ：拒绝，不理会 turn sb out ：赶走，turn sb over ：翻身。本句语言环境为：新室友经常在深夜噪音，当我提醒她时，她却说脏话。她的这些举动当然令我生厌。故选 A。7. A8. A9. C本题的句式结构变一下，就可看出本题考查的是 share sth with sb.故选 D。本句句意为：不要在故事的开头提及它，否则，那会

52、泄露事故结尾。give away :泄露。故选 A。旧房子被推倒目的是给新办公楼腾出地方。make room for 为 腾出空间。故选 C。10. B give up ：放弃，stick to :not change, keep to sth 坚持或维持某事物，insist on ：demand 坚持要求，connect to 与有。只要你坚持（遵守）交通规则，开车并不像那么难，故选 B。11. A 你能否浏览一下作文，看一下是否有拼写错误？look through：浏览.翻阅。12. D result from：因而发生，后接；lie in：于，后接；result in 产生某种结果，le

53、ad to：导致，后接结果。失败是因为懒惰，而勤奋则导致，故选 D。13. B 他被解雇了，明天不得不移交对公司的管理权。hand over：把get over：克服，go over：复习。故选 B。移交，take over：接收.接管，14. A call up：想起某事物.回忆某事，call for：需求.需要，call on：号召.请求拜访（某地）。他婶婶的信使他想起了他们在一起度过的日子，故选 A。），call at：拜访15. make it :be successful.甚至到山顶,故选 D.都不相信我能地攀上山顶。climb it 只表示爬山，不能表示爬16. Bbuild up

54、:变得更大.或更强；make up 组成，某事物；take up:占据；send up 发射。今天的英国，妇女了劳动力的 44%，故选 B。17. D 我们相信你，只有你才能说服他戒烟。suggest 不跟动词不定式，attract:吸引；advise:只是劝说而已，persuade:劝服，说服，故选 D。18. B 好好休息一下，你需要为足球比赛保存体力。save: keep sth for future use:储存.保存，故选 B。19. A 在那个，赴宴会的邀请书仅在宴会前三.四天收到，会让客人感到他们不被重视。regarded:重视，若选 B，则应用 thought of，故选 A。20. C bring in:逮捕，搜集；bri