3中考英语语法情态动词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式

1、【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：专题复习三 情态动词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式二、知识总结与归纳（一）情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化(have to除外)，不能单独作谓语, 必须和主要动词一起构成句子的谓语。1. can与could 的用法(1) 表示现在的能力用can, 表示过去的能力用could。 如：I cant drive a car. 我不会开车。My father could run faster when he was young. 我爸爸年轻的时候跑得更快。(2) 表示请求和允许，意为“可以”，两者均可用，此时的could并不表示过去，而是表达一种

2、委婉语气。如： Can / Could I use your ruler? Yes, of course you can.(3) 表示推测时，意为“可能”。如：That man cant be Mr Wang, because he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是王老师，因为他去北京了。You could be right, but I dont think so. 你可能是对的，但我不这样认为。2. may与might的用法(1) 表示许可，意为“可以”。表示请求别人允许自己做某事时，两者都可用，只是might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)；表示允许别人做某

3、事时，通常要用may而不用might。如：May / Might I use it? 我可以用它吗？You may sit here. 你可以坐在这儿。(2) 表示推测。其意为“可能”、“也许”，用于谈论可能性。此时might 并非表示过去，只是比may语气更不肯定，表示的可能性更小。如：He may / might be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。(3) may通常用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May the friendship between us last long. 愿我们的友情天长地久。3. must与have to的用法(1) must意为“必须”、“一定”，

4、指主观上“必须”做某事；have to意为“必须”、“不得不”，指客观上“不得不”做某事。 回答must引出的问句时，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt 或dont have to。(2) must表示推测时，意为“一定是”、“准是”。如：Listen! She must be crying. 听，她一定是在哭。（二）动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时，动词不定式可与它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词

5、和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1. 作主语 作主语的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）则被替换到后面。如：Its easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo. 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。 2. 作表语 如：The old mans job is to take care of the flowers in the garden. 这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。 3. 作宾语 如：Indians like to eat hot food. 印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。 【特别提示】有的动词不定式在作带

6、有宾语补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。如：I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 4. 作宾语补足语 如：Please ask John to turn on the light. 请让约翰打开灯。5. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。如： New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。6. 作状语 (1) 表目的 如：To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. 为了赶上早班车，我今天早

7、晨早早就起床了。(2) 表结果 不定式作结果状语从句的句型有两种： too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth. 如：The Dead Sea is too salty to swim. 死海的水太咸了，难以游泳。 enough + 名词 + to do sth.或形容词 / 副词 + enough to do sth. 如：There is just enough time to catch the train. 赶这班火车，时间正好够。（三）动词-ing形式1. v-ing形式作主语: 可放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替。如：Using the right hand to shake

8、 hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。It is no use complaining; the company wont do anything about it. 抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。2. v-ing形式作宾语1) 有些动词后面要求跟v-ing作宾语。类似的动词有：mind, practice, finish, keep, enjoy, miss如：We often practice speaking English after class. 我们常常在课后练习英语口语。2) 有些动词后面既可接不定式

9、也可接v-ing作宾语，但差别较大。类似的动词有：forget, remember, try, regret, go on等。如：She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。 I regret to say that we cant stay here any longer. 我很抱歉，我们不能再在这儿多呆了。 3) 有些动词短语后也要求跟v-ing作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：cant stand 忍不住； cant help 忍不住；feel like 想要；give up 放弃；put off 推迟 be busy, be wort

10、h, dream of ,stop( from), be used to, pay attention to。如：Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步？Hearing the story, we couldnt help laughing.听到这个故事，我们禁不住笑起来。4) 介词或介词短语后接v-ing作宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, keep on, have trouble in, succeed in, keepfrom, prevent(from), spend (in), think o

11、f等。如：We are looking forward to going to China. 我们期待着去中国。We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties. 我们终于克服了所有的困难。3. v-ing形式作表语v-ing形式作表语，一般表示主语的性质、特征等。有时，是对主语起解释说明作用。如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。His job is cleaning the playground. 他的职责是打扫操场卫生。The news that our team had won was really exciting.

12、 我们队获胜的消息真的很令人激动。【典型例题】( ) 1. _you help me to repair this MP4 player, Jim? OK. Let me have a look.A. Must B. Shall C. Need D. Could( ) 2. Listen! Is Sandy singing in the next room? No. It be Sandy. She has gone to Shanghai for an important meeting.A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt( ) 3. May I b

13、ring my dog onto the bus? No, you .A. may B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont( ) 4. A teacher also make a mistake if he or she is not careful enough.A. must B. should C. may D. has to( ) 5. Cars, buses and bikes stop when the traffic light is red.A. can B. must C. may D. need( ) 6. Must I finish the exercis

14、e at school? No, you . You can do it at home.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt( ) 7. Oh, dear! Did you walk such a long way on such a hot day? Sit down and have a drink. You be tired and thirsty.A. can B. must C. may D. should( ) 8. In order to support his two sons to go to college, the man work d

15、ay and night.A. must B. could C. had to D. might( ) 9. The American speak Chinese, but he write it well.A. must; must B. can; cannot C. will; will not D. would; would not( )10. Dont you have a friend who share your joy and worries at school? Im afraid not. You know, I am new here.A. might B. must C.

16、 shall D. has to( ) 11. Harry wants to be a musician, so its important for him _ music well. A. learnB. to learn C. learningD. learns( )12. You have worked too long, so you should stop _. A. workedB. to work C. workingD. works ( )13. The teacher asked us _ that we were in a story.A. imaginingB. to i

17、magineC. imagineD. imagined( )14. Dad! The boxs too heavy. Dont worry. Let me _ it for you. A. carryB. carries C. carryingD. to carry( ) 15. Hurry up! Its time _ home. Im coming. A. goB. go to C. goingD. to go ( )16. The father is creative enough _ so many nice toys for his daughter.A. buyingB. maki

18、ngC. to buyD. to make( ) 17. Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise? Sure. Now let me tell you _ first.A. which to do B. how to doC. when to doD. what to do ( )18. Our teacher told us again _ loudly to each other in the library. A. to speakB. not to speak C. dont speakD. not speaki

19、ng( )19. Did you have any problems in London? Yes. _ Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings is difficult. A. FindB. Found C. FindingD. To find ( )20. Jim, come back. Your new book is still on the sofa. Oh, thank you. I have forgotten _ it there. A. to putB. put C. puttingD. to putting 【模拟试题】（

20、答题时间：15分钟）一、单项选择( ) 1. Susan be here now because she has just gone to New York.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not( ) 2. Hello! I speak to Mr Green, please? Ive got something important to tell him.A. Must B. Need C. Would D. May( ) 3. Where is my umbrella? Must I take it with me, Mum? Its fine to

21、day. You take it with you.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt( ) 4. Will your sister go to see this film this evening? Im not so sure. She . She says theres an interesting TV play on TV tonight.A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt( ) 5. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulatio

22、ns! You be very proud of it.A. can B. need C. would D. must( ) 6. That T-shirt with LeBron James picture on it _ belong to Jack. He likes LeBron James very much. No, it be his. He doesnt like black T-shirts.A. must; neednt B. must; cant C. must; mustnt D. can; mustnt( ) 7. Dont run or shout in the r

23、eading room. If you do, you leave.A. must B. have to C. will have to D. cant( ) 8. Andy, will you answer the telephone? It _ be your father. Sorry, I . Im having a shower.A. can; mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will( ) 9. I come back before 11:00? No, you . But you be back later than lunc

24、h-time.A. Must; neednt; cant B. Can; cant; mayC. Need; mustnt; must D. May; neednt; cant( )10. Excuse me, how can I get to the railway station? Turn left and then follow your nose. You miss it!A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt( )11. I like the party so much, but I go home. Its too late. What a

25、 pity!A. mustnt B. have to C. may D. cant( )12. Amy, you sing English songs? Yes, I like them very much. I want to join the Singing Club.A. can B. should C. must D. need( )13. Might I call you by the first name? Yes, you . It doesnt matter at all in our country.A. will B. could C. might D. may( )14.

26、 Hey, boy! We should keep the school clean. You throw litter about. Sorry, I wont do that again.A. mustnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. may not( )15. you help me? I cant find my keys. Yes. Its a pleasure.A. Must B. Can C. Need D. Should( )16. Look! It be Simon on the playground. It be him. Because I saw h

27、im enter the school library just now.A. may; mustnt B. can; cant C. must; mustnt D. must; cant( )17. Whose guitar is this? It Kitty. She plays the guitar.A. can belong toB. might be C. might belong toD. must be( )18. Could I borrow your mobile phone? I want to call the police. Yes, of course you .A.

28、 must B. need C. can D. will( )19. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack be back home at this moment.A. must B. need C. could D. can( )20. You ask her to go there with you. Im sure she wont refuse you because she has an eye for you(欣赏你).A. must B. need C. shall D. could( ) 21. There is no difference between

29、 the two words. I really dont know _. A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what( )22. Aunt Li often asks her son _ too much meat. Its bad for his health.A. dont eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. to not eat( )23. What do you think of tomorrows football match? _ difficult

30、 for us _ the match.A. Were; to win B. Were; winningC. Its; to win D. Its; winning( )24. Its better to teach a man fishing than _him fish.A. to give B. giving C. to find D. finding( )25. You mustnt forget _ your dictionary when you come here tomorrow.A. to bring B. bring C. to take D. take( )26. My grandparents live in a village nearby. I usually go _ them once a week.A. sees B. visits C. saw D. to see( )27. Do you decide _ in China? A. live B. lives C. living D. to live( )28. The jokes that the old man told made us all_.A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughs ( )29