专题13 阅读无忧 首字母技巧在手（教师版）-【中考手册】2022年中考英语知识总梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、专题13阅读无忧首字母技巧在手、思维导图判断词性语言逻辑常识前后对应解释并列转折递进.谓语-动词、系动词主语-名词、代词宾语-名词、代词状语-副词定语-形容词L、知识梳理一、首字母填空解题技巧：1. 通读短文，了解大意；2. 判断句子成分；3. 确定空格单词词性；4. 联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；5. 通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题;二、中考考察要点分析：2.句意：自我意识意味着调整你的想法、感受和行为，并理解它们如何影响他人。根据other people”以及 结合首字母a可知，此处指影响他人。故填(a)ffect。3.句意：Tasha Eurich博士将自我意识描述为清楚地认识自己的能

2、力，了解我们是谁，别人如何看待我们，以 及我们如何融入这个世界。根据"see ourselves可知，此空需要填一个副词修饰动词see,结合单词首字 母c可知,应该是clearly”清楚地。故填(c)learly。4.句意：知道你喜欢什么，不喜欢什么，你擅长什么，你发现什么困难，让你在友谊，学业，甚至是看什么 电影上做出更好的决定。allow sb. to do sth/允许某人做某事。故填(a)llow。5.句意：你要学会更多地相信自己的感觉，这样才能建立信心。根据“You learn to trust your own feelings more/可知，更多地相信自己的感觉可以建

3、立信心。故填(c)onfidence。6.句意：世界卫生组织表示，自我意识是帮助年轻人过上更幸福、更健康生活的十大重要生活技能之一。根 据self-awareness及结合首字母s可知，自我意识是一项生活技能。skill"技能，one of后接可数名词复 数。故填(s)killso7.句意：Eurich建议用“什么而不是“为什么开始问自己问题。根据“A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions?以及“asking yourself questions that start with "What instead

4、of Why可知，这是 Eurich 的建 议，suggest"建议，本文肘态为一般现在时，主语Eurich为第三人称单数，故填(s)uggestso8. (f)inished9. (b)ehind10. (g)oal11. (t)rain/(t)each12. (p)lanning/(p)reparing13. (r)ight14. (t)hough【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了著名的音乐家贝多芬在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成过。计算 机科学家和音乐家通过人工智能想完成他的第十交响曲。8.句意：在他去世之前，他开始了一部新的交响乐，但从未完成。根据"Befo

5、re he died, he began a new symphony/及下文but转折连词，可知此处是但从未完成，整篇短文是过去时态，finish”完成，是动词， 过去式是 finished,故填(f)inishedo9.句意：但他留下的只是一些关于这首曲子的笔记和一些"草图一一些短小的书面音乐。根据"were somenotes about the piece and a few "sketches-short bits of written music."可知，此处是“但他留下的所有,短语 leave behind"留下，故填(b)ehi

6、ndo10.句意：他们的目标是完成贝多芬的第十交响曲，以庆祝他的250岁生日。根据/zto try to completeBeethoven's 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday/可知，此处是“他们的目标是”, their 是形容词性物主代词，后加名词，goal-目标，是名词，谓语动词是单数is,主语应为单数，故填(g)oalo11.句意：为了训练/教授人工智能帮助创作交响乐，该团队将贝多芬创作的每一首音乐都转换成计算机可以理 解的形式。to是动词不定式,后加动词原形，根据zzan Al to help with the sym

7、phony,z可知，此处是训练/教 授人工智能，短语train/teach sb. to do sth/z训练/教授某人做某事”，train训练，是动词；teach”教，是动 词，故填(t)rain/(t)each。12.句意：团队中的其他成员研究了贝多芬的笔记和草图，并努力找出贝多芬正在计划/准备做什么。根据语境知是过去进行时，其结构是was doing的形式，根据zzand worked to figure outz,可知，此处是"并努力找出贝 多芬正在计划/准备做什么，plan计划，是动词，现在分词是planning； prepare”准备，是动词，现在分 词是 prepari

8、ng,故填(p)lanning/(p)reparing。13.句意：一个早期测试告诉团队他们在正确的轨道上。根据/zThey took a few minutes of music created by the Al based on Beethoven's sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters/nJ知I, 他们在正 确的轨道上，track是名词,空前用形容词修饰,right"正确的”,是形容词，故填(r)ighto14.句意：虽然贝多芬并没有写下所有的作品，但团队确信这

9、首音乐与他可能写的非常相似。根据theteam feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written."可知，此处是让步状语从句,though"虽 然，是连词，引导让步状语从句，故填(t)hougho15. (U)nluckily/(U)nfortunately16. (f)ans/(f)ollowers17. (a)mazing18. (s)tarted19. (n)atural20. (I)evel21. (i)ntroduced【分析】本文主要介绍了李小龙的生平基本情况。15.句意

10、：不幸的是，李小龙于1973年不幸去世。根据zzBruce died tragically in 1973,结合单词首字母可知此处 是指不幸运地，unluckily和unfortunately都表示“不幸运地，是副词，修饰整个句子，故填(U)nluckily/(U)nfortunatelyo16.句意：因此，他本人无法获得该奖项，但全世界的追随者都希望看到他获得荣誉。根据/zso he wouldn't be able to receive the award himself, but his.all over the world would love to see him honor

11、ed.可矢口此处是指彳也的 追随者或者是粉丝。follower”追随者"，fan”粉丝，迷”，都是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式，故填 (f)ans/(f)ollowers17.句意：他电影中的打斗场面令人惊叹。根据“hy was Bruce Lee so great? The fight scenes in his films are.”结合 单词首字母可知此处是指打斗场面令人惊叹。amazing"令人惊奇的，是形容词，故填(a)mazingo18.句意：他六岁时就开始演戏了。根据Z/He.acting when he was just six years old”结合单词

12、首字母可知此处是 指他六岁就开始演戏，start"开始，是动词，结合语境可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填 (s)tartedo19.句意：他在镜头前表现得非常自在和自然。根据“He was very comfortable and.in front of the camera. His face was very expressive/7结合单词首字母可知此处是指他在镜头前很自然，natura”自然的，是形容词，故 填(n)atural。20.句意：他的电影将香港传统功夫片的受欢迎程度提升到了一个新的高度。根据/zHis films brought traditional

13、Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new.of popularity”结合单词首字母可知此处是指他的电影将香港传统功夫片 的受欢迎程度提升到了一个新的水平。level水平，高度，是可数名词，前面有a修饰，名词用原形，故 填(l)evelo21.句意:他的电影也将功夫介绍给了数百万西方人。根据“His films also.kung fu to millions of people in theWest结合单词首字母可知此处是指电影也将功夫介绍给了数百万西方人，introduce”介绍，是动词，结合 语境可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填ntroducedo2

14、2. (b)elieve23. (H)owever24. (o)ften25. (s)lept26. (b)us27. (u)nderstand28. (a)lone【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了李闻通过和父母的谈话由一个问题儿童变成了一个品学兼优的好学生的故事。22.句意：很难相信他曾经是一个问题儿童，直到与父母的谈话影响了他的思维方式。根据空后的"he used to be a "problem child"可知，应该是很难相信他曾经是一个问题儿童，由空前的"to可知，应该填的是动 词原形believe”相信”，故填(b)elieve。23

15、.句意：然而，在他的父母搬到广州工作之后，男孩的生活变得很艰难。根据前文的As a small child, heseldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him”和后文的"after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy's life became more difficult”可知，前后是转折关系，用 however"然而”，首字母 大写，故填(H)owevero24.句意：他经常逃课。根据前文的/zHe was no lon

16、ger interested in studying并结合所给首字母可知，应该是他 经常逃课，often意为“经常”,故填(o)fteno25.句意：他在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉。根据前文的zzhis parents made a decision to send him to a boardingschool可知，应该是在学校学习，吃饭和睡觉，时态是一般过去时，用sleep"唾觉”的过去式slept,故填(s)lepto26.句意：他的父母坐了 40个小时的火车和5个小时的公共汽车回到他们的家乡。根据前文的tooka40.hour train ride and a five-hour”

17、并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是5个小时的公共汽车的车程，bus意为“公共 汽车,故填(b)us。27.句意：我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少。根据空前的“My parents helped me to和空后的"how much they had given me并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是我的父母帮助我了解他们给了我多少，由空前的 to可知，应该填动词原形understand"理解，故填(u)nderstando28.句意:我一直害怕孤独。根据前文的“I realized that since my parents moved away”和后文的“and have t

18、ried to make my parents pay more attention to me并结合所给单词首字母可知，应该是我一直害怕孤独，形容词 alone意为“孤独的，故填(a)lone。22. (e)xactly23. (h)urt24. (b)righter25. (m)ess26. (s)urprised27. (h)imself28. (s)trange【分析】本文主要通过珍妮画画的故事告诉我们：每个人看世界的时候看到的东西都不一样。29.句意：如果你的画和你旁边的人画的不一样，也不要担心。根据"Dorft worry if your painting doesn&#

19、39;tlook.like the painting by the person next to you/结合单词首字母可知此处是指如果你的画确实和你旁边的人 画的不一样。exactly"确切地，是副词,故填(e)xactly。30.句意：珍妮工作很努力。她花了很长时间作画，手因握画笔而开始疼痛。根据Z/She spent so long painting that her hand began to.from holding the brush”结合单词首字母可知此处是指手因长时间握画笔而开始疼 痛，hurt“疼痛，是动词，空前有不定式符号to,动词用原形，故填(h)urto31.

20、句意：它覆盖了整页，颜色比真正的花还要鲜艳。根据“It covered the whole page and the colors were.than the real flowers/结合单词首字母可知此处是指颜色更明亮，鲜艳，bright"明亮的，由than可知用比较级 形式,故填(b)righter。32.句意：看起来一团糟。根据“It looks like a big.said Carrie. 'Did you pour the paint?'”结合单词首字母可知此处 是指一团糟,mess“混乱，前面有a修饰，用原形,故填(m)ess。33.句意：珍妮非常惊讶

21、。根据“It looks like a big.said Carrie. zDid you pour the paint?”以及I think it's wonderful,Jenny. Its so full of color and happiness"可知珍妮是感到很惊讶的，surprised"惊讶的，修饰人，故填(s)urprisedo34.句意:这就是他对自己的看法。根据Everyone sees different things when they look at the world”以及"This is how he saw结合单词首字母可知

22、此处是指艺术家对他自己的看法，himself"他自己”，是反身代词，故填 (h)imselfo 35. 句意：他们的一些画很奇怪，但她喜欢全部看一看。根据“Some of their paintings were very .but she liked to look at them all.结合单词首字母可知此处是指一些画很奇怪，strange"奇怪的，是形容词，故填trange。29. (e)specially/(e)xactly/(e)xtremely30. (E)arly31. (d)iscovered32. (m)aterials33. (p)atient34.

23、(o)nce35. (I)ose【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍微型艺术的发展历史。36.句意：这在微型艺术中尤其是完全/非常正确的，在那里，通过近距离的观察，伟大的事物往往会被揭示出 来。根据题干中"istrue”可知此处需填副词修饰形容词，根据后句".upon close observation, great things are often revealed/可知微型艺术是通过近距离观察，伟大美妙的事物常被发现，所以美好的事物常来自于细 小的包装，这句话非常准确地诠释了微型艺术。结合所给首字母。故填(e)specially/(e)xactly/(e)xtreme

24、ly。37.句意：早期的例子可以追溯到几个世纪前的世界各地的许多地方。根据题干中z/be dated back to centuries ago"追溯至几个世仑己前以及后句"In India, tiny drawings were painted on to palm leaves 7.62 centimeters wide.A 12.5-millimeter-tall carving of a bird, d.in Lingjing, China, has been called China's oldest work of art.”可知在印 度，在宽7.62厘

25、米的棕桐叶上画上了细小的图案；在中国灵井发现了一尊12.5毫米高的鸟雕，被称为中 国最古老的艺术品。可见很早前就有微型艺术。根据所给空后面的名词可知填形容词。结合后文句意以及 首字母。故填(E)arlyo38.句意：在中国灵井发现了一尊12.5毫米高的鸟雕，被称为中国最古老的艺术品。分析题干"A 12.5-millimeter-tall carving of a bird. in Lingjing, China, has been called."可知此处需用过去分词作定语，修饰“A 12.5-millimeter-tall carving of a bir，结合句意和所给

26、首字母此处应是表达在中国发现一尊12.5毫米高的鸟 雕。故填(d)iscoveredo39.句意：多年来，微图画家们使用了许多不同的材料，从纸张到植物种子，来创作微型绘画、雕塑和人、动 物和风景的雕刻。根据所给空"many different可知此处需填名词复数；根据后文"from paper to plant seeds, to create tiny paintings, sculptures and engravings of people, animals and scenery.可矢口从纸张到植物种子 进行雕刻，可见微图画家用不同的材料来创作。结合首字母和句意，故

27、填(m)aterialso40.句意：每个艺术家都需要两件事：足够的时间和耐心来创作微型艺术。根据题干"being可知此处需填形 容词，根据后文“The pieces are so tiny that they need to be worked on carefully and slowly/可知这些作品太小 了，需要小心而缓慢地处理。所以微型艺术需要耐心。故填(p)atiento41.句意：有人曾经说过：微型模型必须是为了近距离观察而设计的。根据题干"someonesaid可知此处需 填副词；根据后文引用 的内容""A miniature must

28、always be designed for close observation. It is meant to be held in the hand, watched closely and even to be looked at with a magnifying glass/ "可知这是有人曾经说过的 话。结合首字母，故填(o)nceo42.句意：微型艺术在19世纪摄影术出现后开始失去吸引力。根据题干"begin to do-开始做某事，此处需填动 词原形，根据后句"photography appeared”可知摄影技术出现，可推测出微型艺术就开始失去吸

29、引力。结 合所给首字母，故填(l)oseo考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。三、解题技巧详解1. 从句子成分角度分析一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成 分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。> 对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。【随堂测练1】(1) The Ibrings us closer than before.(2) Doing some rbefore the test is necessary.(3) Three rhappened yesterday. But

30、today all the robbers have been caught by the police.(4) The children are all working in the classroom. Some of them are cleaning the windows and oaresweeping the floor.此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。eg: The rich are not always happy.句中the rich指有钱人，因此可以作主语。> 对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。【随堂测练2】(1) My mum always

31、eme to be a brave boy when I was young.(2) This kind of new mobile phone costs so much that I can hardly aone.(3) Knowing more than one language iyour knowledge of other cultures.(4) The students in our school always cabout the food.时态： 一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式 一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式 现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式 现在完成时：要考虑动词的

32、过去分词的形式> 对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。【随堂测练3】(1) The doctors are busy oon the seriously injured man at the moment.(2) If you feel nervous, take a deep band I'm sure you'll feel better.(3) He had to make a cbetween studying in Shanghai and going abroad.(4) If you meet with any d, you can a

33、sk me for help.> 对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须 改成to do,doing或done的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练4】(1) He is pof his daughter, for she always gets A grades in all subjects.(2) The sick man is getting w. Maybe he will die soon.(3) Such cold weather is quite uin May and people have to wear w

34、arm clothes again.(4) She was aa big prize for her hard work.> 对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词 必须改成to do ,doing或done的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练5】(1) I've been used to the cweather in London.(2) The visit to Chongming Island was really u, it left us a sweet memory.(3) That's only

35、my popinion. Everyone is welcome to share yours.(4) The French artist said, "It is my ftime to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much."> 对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成to do,doing 或 done 的形式。【随堂测练6】(1) The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Ho

36、ng Kong so e. She rememberedit was hard.(2) I thought I was wrong. A, it is a wise decision.(3) B, you need to makeup a story. Can you write yourown one?(4) As you climb, your partner pulls you climbing rope tsomethingcalled a belay device(绳索控制器).> 对连词的判断:并列连词 and,but, or, so , not only.but also,

37、either .or, neither.nor, as wellas,both.and等连接并列的词,词组和句了；从属连词although/though/because/ if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从 属连词。【随堂测练7】(1) Work harder, ayou'll make great progress in English.(2) My job is to protect the innocent as well afind the guilty.(3) AWalt Disn

38、ey made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now asthey were when he made them.(4) You will fail in the exam uyou study harder than before.2. 其他做题思路：> 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如：Whis help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下，with his help.>

39、 依据语法知识进行填词：如：These people often have thin walls which can't sthe noise from next door.根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop from” ,所以填 stopo> 依据常识的积累进行填词：如：But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word S.Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字S.我们根据常识肯定是

40、向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.> 依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend's house happily. He wanted to phis friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together.根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进 行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.参考答案:【随堂测练1】l.lnternet2.rev

41、ision3.robberies4.others【随堂测练 2】l.encouraged/enabled2.afford3.improves/increases plain【随堂测练3】l.operating2.breath3.choice4.difficulty【随堂测练4】ud2 .worse3.unusual4.awarded【随堂测练 5)1.changeable?.unforgettable3.personal4.first【随堂测练6】1.easily2.Actually3.Besides4.through【随堂测练7】l.and2.as3.Although4.unles

42、s纳优选提升题一、短文首字母填空（2022上海黄浦一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给。If you had to describe yourself to someone else, what would you say? It can be difficult to see yourself from the ol. z but being aware of who you are can help you understand emotions and strengthen friendships.Self-awareness means tunin

43、g into your thoughts, feelings and behaviour, and understanding how they can a2. other people. If you're self-aware, you may know that you love playing an instrument because you're good at it, and music makes you happy. Dr Tasha Eurich describes self-awareness as "an ability" to se

44、e ourselves c3，to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.Knowing what you like and dislike, what you're good at and what you find difficult a4. you to make better decisions about friendships, schoolwork and even which films to watch. You learn to trust your own f

45、eelings more, which builds c5. The world Health Organisation says self-awareness is one of 10 important life s6 that help young people lead happier, healthier lives. Being self-aware doesn't mean only thinking of yourself. By understanding your own feelings, you have more respect for other peopl

46、e too.A good way to learn about anything is to ask questions. Dr. Eurich s7 asking yourself questions that start with What instead of "Why”. So if you don't understand why you keep arguing with a friend, ask yourself what you disagree instead of why you're arguing.（2022-上海青浦一模）Read the

47、passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当 的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Beethoven（贝多芬）is famous for his nine symphonies（交响乐）.Before he died, he began a new symphony, but never f8 it. Computer scientists and musicians have now used artificial intelligence（AI 人工智能）to complete his 10th Sy

48、mphony.Beethoven was born over 250 years ago, yet his music is still played daily around the world. Beethoven wrote many famous pieces of music, especially his nine symphonies. When Beethoven died in 1827, he had some ideas for a 10th Symphony. But all that he left b9. were some notes about the piec

49、e and a few zzsketches"-short bits of written music.In 2019, a special team of musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their glO. is to try to complete Beethoven's 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn't just want to complete the symphony, they

50、wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. That's where Al came in.To til, an Al to help with the symphony, the team turned every piece of music that Beethoven ever wrote into a form the computer could understand. In this way, the Al could look f

51、or patterns in the way Beethoven wrote.Other members of the team studied Beethoven's notes and sketches, and worked to figure out what Beethoven was p!2. to do.One early test told the team they were on the r!3. track. They took a few minutes of music created by the Al based on Beethoven's sk

52、etches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts the Al made up.It took the team over two years to complete Beethoven's 10th Symphony. Recently, it was performed for the first rime ever by the Beeth

53、oven Orchestra in Bonn, Germany.So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And t!4. Beethoven didn't write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written.（2022上海虹 口 模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.Bruce Lee（1940-1973 ）, the greatest

54、 action movie star of all time, should be given a lifetime achievement award for his work in the movies. U15. z Bruce died tragically in 1973, so he wouldn't be able to receive the award himself, but his f!6, all over the world would love to see him honored.Why was Bruce Lee so great? The fight

55、scenes in his films are a!7. and Bruce was always in top physical condition. His body was almost perfect. He was also a great actor. He s!8. acting when he was just six years old. He was very comfortable and n!9. in front of the camera. His face was very expressive. Therefore, he was able to communi

56、cate a lot of feeling with a simple look. Bruce Lee was a talented actor, a brilliant fighter, and an almost perfect example of physical fitness. His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new 120. of popularity. His films also 21. kung fu to millions of people in the West. He shoul

57、d receive an award that recognizes his great contribution（贡献）to the art of film making.（2022上海浦东新一模）Fill in the blanks with proper words.Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades. It is hard to b22. that he used to be a "problem child" until a convers

58、ation with his parents influenced his way of thinking. Li Wen lives in the Sichuan countryside. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him. H23. , after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy's life became more difficult. He had to move inwith his grandmother.Li Wen began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was o24 absent from classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school. Li Wen no lo